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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,必修,3,话题,1.Science of the stars(,恒星科学,),2.The development of life(,生命的发展,),3,Space travel and gravity(,太空旅行和重力,),功能,Instructions(,指示,),语法,Noun clauses as the subject(,主语从句,),重点,单词,astronomy,，,atmosphere,，,system,，,chain,，,theory,，,globe,，,violent,，,unlike,，,spaceship,，,oxygen,，,harmful,，,exist,，,presence,，,puzzle,，,gravity,，,satellite,，,climate,，,crash,，,pull,，,float,，,mass,重点,短语,in time,，,lay eggs,，,give birth to,，,in ones turn,，,prevent.from,，,block out,，,cheer up,，,now that,，,break out,，,watch out,重点,句型,1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.,2,This produced a chain reaction,，,which made it possible for life to develop.,3,“,Oh dear,，,”,I cried,，,“,walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”,4,But when I tried to step forward,，,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.,1,exist vi.,存在；生存,(,无被动式和进行时,),归纳拓展,(1)There exists/existed.,某地有,；存在,exist in,存在于,exist on,靠,生活,/,生存,(2)existence,n,存在；生存,be in existence,存在,come into existence,开始产生，成立,bring into existence,使产生,(3)existent,adj,.,存在的；现行的,We cant exist without food or water.,没有食物和水我们就不能生存。,I can hardly exist on the wage that Im getting.,我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。,When did the world come into existence?,世界是什么时候开始存在的？,There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.,有一个解决目前地理问题的好办法。,【,链接训练,】,He doesnt believe in the _ of God.,A,life B,exist,C,existence D,exhibition,【,解析,】,existence,“,存在,”,，符合题意。,exist,是动词，不能用在此处。句意为：他不相信有上帝存在。,【,答案,】,C,As everyone knows,，,since the Communist Party of China _ in 1921,，,great changes have taken place in China.,A,came into effect B,came into force,C,came into existence D,came into power,【,解析,】,考查动词词组辨析。句意为：众所周知，自从,1921,年中国共产党成立后，中国发生了巨大的变化。,come into existence,“,开始产生，成立,”,，符合题意。,come into effect,“,生效，执行,”,；,come into force,“,开始生效,”,；,come into power,“,上台，掌权,”,。,【,答案,】,C,2,puzzle n,C,难题，谜,vt.,使迷惑,归纳拓展,(1)be in a puzzle,感到困惑,(2)puzzle sb.,使某人迷惑,puzzle out,仔细思考，设法想出答案,(3)puzzling,adj,.,令人困惑的,puzzled,adj,.,感到困惑的,People were in a puzzle about the crash in which the president of Poland died.,人们对总统坠机身亡这一事件感到困惑。,Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.,他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。,What puzzles me is why he left the meeting without telling anyone.,令我困惑不解的是，他为什么没告诉任何人就从会议上离开了。,【,链接训练,】,Facing the_situation,the sales manager looked_.,A,puzzling,；,puzzled B,puzzling,；,puzzling,C,puzzled,；,puzzled D,puzzled,；,puzzling,【,解析,】,句意为：面临着令人困惑的局势，销售部经理看起来迷惑不解。第一空形容,situation,的特点用,puzzling,；表示人困惑时用,puzzled,。故正确答案为,A,项。,【,答案,】,A,3,pull n,&vt.,拉,(,力,),；拖；牵引,(,力,),归纳拓展,pull apart,拉开；分开；扯断,pull away(,汽车,),开走；把,抛在后面,pull in,进站；吸引,pull out,离站；,(,使,),摆脱困境,pull over,靠路边停车,pull through,恢复健康；完成,(,十分困难的事,),pull up,使车停住,pull down,贬低,(,人,),；拆毁,(,建筑物,),He gave a strong pull at the rope.,他用力拉了拉绳子。,Tom jumped onto the bus just as it was pulling away.,公共汽车正要开走时，汤姆跳了上去。,He succeeded in pulling through the difficulty.,他平安地渡过了难关。,The workers are trying to pull down the dangerous houses.,工人们正在努力拆毁那些危房。,【,链接训练,】,She _ her car suddenly at a red light and I nearly hit her car.,A,pulled up B,pulled down,C,pulled in D,pulled out,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在红灯前她突然把车停下，我差点撞上她的车。,pull up,“,停车，把车停下,”,，符合题意。,pull down,“,拆毁，摧毁,”,；,pull in,“,进站,”,；,pull out,“,驶出,(,车站,),等，,(,使,),摆脱困境,”,。,【,答案,】,A,4,cheer vt.&vi.(,使,),高兴；,(,对,),欢呼,n,愉快，欢呼；喝彩,归纳拓展,(1)cheerful,adj,.,快乐的，高兴的,cheering,n,.,欢呼，喝彩,adj,.,令人振奋的，令人高兴的,Cheers,！,(,用于祝酒,),干杯！,(2)cheer up,使高兴，使振奋；高兴起来，振作起来,cheer sb.on(,比赛中,),激励某人；为某人加油,The good news cheered everybody who heard it.,好消息使每一个听到的人感到高兴。,The spectators cheered the runners on.,观众用喝彩声为赛跑选手加油。,Cheer up,！,Our trouble will soon be over.,振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去。,【,链接训练,】,_,，,dear,！,Things wont be as bad as you think.There certainly will be chances for you.,A,Hurry up,B,Look up,C,Cheer up,D,Make up,【,解析,】,考查情景交际。句意为：亲爱的，振作起来！事情并不像你想象得那么糟。你一定还有机会。,Cheer up,！,“,振作起来，别灰心！,”,用于鼓励对方。,Hurry up,“,抓紧时间，赶快,”,，用于催促某人；,Look up,“,向上看,”,；,Make up,固定短语，意为,“,组成；弥补；编造,”,。,【,答案,】,C,The nurse tried to _ up the little boy when he started to cry.,A,cheer B,dress,C,get D,make,【,解析,】,句意为：当这个小男孩开始哭时，护士设法让他高兴起来。,cheer sb.up,“,使高兴，使振奋起来,”,，符合题意。,【,答案,】,A,1,in time,及时；总有一天；迟早,归纳拓展,in no time,立刻，马上,(,once/immediately,，用于句首时不倒装,),ahead of time,提前；提早,at times,有时,at one time,一度；从前；曾经,at a time,依次；逐一；每次,for the time being,暂时；眼下,take one,s time,别着急；慢慢来,at no time,绝不，在任何时候都不,(,用在句首时，句子要部分倒装,),Will we be in time for the six oclock train?,我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？,If you keep on working hard,，,youll succeed in time.,如果坚持努力工作，你总有一天会成功的。,Youre here in time.,你终于来了。,She ran up the stairs two at a time.,她一步两台阶地跑上楼梯。,The boss ordered us to finish our task ahead of time.,老板命令我们提前完成任务。,【,链接训练,】,She started as an office junior,，,and _ became the director of the whole company.,A,in surprise B,in return,C,in turn D,in time,【,解析,】,句意为：她起初只是一名办公室职员，最终成了整个公司的董事。,in surprise,“,吃惊地,”,；,in return,“,作为回报,”,；,in turn,“,轮流，依次,”,；,in time,“,终于，一段时间后,”,。故选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,_ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.,A,At no time B,In no time,C,At one time D,At a time,【,解析,】,at no time,“,绝不,”,，表示否定意义，置于句首引起倒装。,in no time,“,立即，马上,”,；,at one time,“,曾经,”,；,at a time,“,每次，一次,”,。它们均不表否定意义，不能引起倒装。,【,答案,】,A,Its ones turn to do sth.,轮到某人做某事了,I will,，,in my turn,，,clean the window next week.,下周轮到我擦窗户了。,Mary and Helen took turns sitting,/to sit/,at sitting up with their sick mother.,玛丽和海伦轮流照看她们生病的母亲。,He asked each of us in turn to answer his questions.,他要我们每个人依次回答他的问题。,I think its my turn to drive the kids to school this week.,我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。,【,链接训练,】,People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,，,and this _ creates further problems.,A,in short B,in case,C,in doubt D,in turn,【,解析,】,in turn,意为,“,反过来，依次，轮流,”,。根据句意,“,人们为了避免公共交通造成的延误使用私家车，而这反过来产生了进一步的问题,”,，可确定选,D,项。,in short,意为,“,简而言之,”,；,in case,意为,“,万一,”,；,in doubt,意为,“,不能肯定的，可怀疑的,”,。,【,答案,】,D,【,链接训练,】,Some policeman should be sent to _ them _ the trees.,A,prevent,；,to cut down B,stop,；,cutting down,C,keep,；,to cut down D,keep,；,cutting down,【,解析,】,prevent,/stop/,keep sb.from doing sth.,意为,“,阻止某人做某事,”,，排除,A,、,C,两项；又因,prevent/stop,后的,from,在主动语态中可省略，而,keep,后的,from,不可省略，排除,D,，故,B,项正确。,【,答案,】,B,It seems very difficult _.,A,to stop the child to cry,B,to prevent the child crying,C,to keep the child crying,D,to protect the child from crying,【,解析,】,句意为：似乎很难阻止这个孩子哭。,D,项中的,protect,指,“,保护,”,，不合题意。,【,答案,】,B,4,break out(,火灾、战争等,),突然发生，爆发,(,无被动语态,),归纳拓展,break away from,脱离,(,政党等,),；打破,(,陈规等,),break down,出故障，抛锚；,(,计划等,),失败；,(,身体、精神等,),垮掉；坍塌；中止；,(,化合物等,),分解,break in,破门而入，突然闯入；打断,(,话语等,),break into,破门而入；突然,起来,break off,折断；突然中止；断绝，结束,break through,突破，突围,break up,打碎，拆散；散开，解散；,(,学校,),期终放假，,(,集会,),结束,They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939.,1939,年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。,It was at midnight that a fire broke out.,就是在午夜发生了一起火灾。,When do you break up for Christmas?,你们什么时候放假过圣诞节？,Her health broke down under the pressure of work.,她的身体因工作压力垮掉了。,【,链接训练,】,When a fire _ in the downtown highrise apartment in Shanghai on Nov.15,2010,，,fifty eight people lost their lives.,A,broke off B,broke out,C,broke down D,broke up,【,解析,】,break off,“,折断，中止,”,；,break out,“,(,战争、火灾等,),突然爆发,”,；,break down,“,出故障；,(,身体,),垮掉,”,；,break up,“,破碎、解散,”,。题干中说的是火灾突然发生，故符合题意的只有,B,项。,【,答案,】,B,Dr.Frank failed many times but he finally _ to find a successful way to solve the problem.,A,broke off B,broke through,C,broke down D,broke up,【,解析,】,考查,break,动词短语。从句意看，,break through,表示,“,突破,”,，符合语境。,break off,“,折断，中止，断绝,”,；,break down,“,抛锚，坍塌,”,；,break up,“,打碎，解散；,(,学校,),放假,”,。句意为：弗兰克医生失败了多次，但他最终突破困境找到一种成功解决这个问题的方法。,【,答案,】,B,5,But when I tried to step forward,，,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.,但是当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。,本句中含有表达倍数的结构，倍数,twice,用来修饰形容词的原级比较,as far as,。,归纳拓展,英语中常见的表示倍数的结构：,(1),“,A,谓语倍数,as,形容词或副词的原级,as,B,”,，表示,“,A,是,B,的多少倍,”,。,(2),“,A,谓语倍数形容词或副词的比较级,than,B,”,，表示,“,A,比,B,大,(,长、高、宽等,),多少倍,”,。,(3),“,A,谓语倍数,the,名词,(size,/height/,length/width,，,etc.),of,B,”,，表示,“,A,是,B,的多少倍,”,。,This room is three times as big as that one.,This room is twice bigger than that one.,This room is three times the size of that one.,这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。,(,比那个房间大两倍,),诱导展望,句式中表倍数的数字处也可为分数、百分数、,half,等词。,This room is half the size of that one.,这个房间是那个房间的一半大。,【,链接训练,】,Our family will move to a new flat in the city center,，,and the new one is _ the old one.,A,twice the size of B,as twice big as,C,the twice size as D,bigger than twice,【,解析,】,考查倍数表达方式其中的一种：,A,谓语倍数,the,名词,(size,/height/,length/width,，,etc.),of,B,，表示,“,A,正好是,B,的多少倍,”,。句意为：我们家要搬到市中心的一座新楼，新房子的面积是老房子的两倍大。,【,答案,】,A,Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.,A,twice as much protein,B,twice protein as many,C,twice protein as much,D,protein as twice much,【,解析,】,句意为：美国人每天所食用的蛋白质是他们实际需要的两倍。表达倍数的方法是,.times as.as.,，在两个,as,之间可用,many(,修饰可数名词,),，,much(,修饰不可数名词,),和其他相应的词，,protein,是不可数名词，所以答案是,A,项。,【,答案,】,A,6,.,“,walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.,”,“,既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。,”,句中,now that,意为,“,既然，由于,”,，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中,that,常可省略。,归纳拓展,其他引导原因状语从句的连词：,because,，,since,，,as,，,for,(1)because,“,因为,”,，表示理由充分、必然的因果关系，回答以,why,开头的问句。,(2)since,“,既然,”,，可与,now that,互换，表示显而易见的原因，侧重主句。,(3)as,比,because,语气弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因，主句和从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果。,(4)for,“,因为,”,，并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，对上文起补充说明作用。,Now that(,since)the kids have left home,，,weve got a lot of extra space.,既然孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就宽敞了。,As you were out,，,I left a message.,你出去了，所以我留了一张字条儿。,He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.,昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。,We listened eagerly,，,for he brought news of our families.,我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。,【,链接训练,】,_ you are free tonight,，,why not go to see the movie with me?,A,As if B,For,C,Even if D,Now that,【,解析,】,连词,now(that),引导原因的原因状语从句。,as if,“,好像,”,；,even if,“,即使,”,；并列连词,for,引导的原因分句需放在第一分句后作为解释性说明。,【,答案,】,D,主语从句,一、英语中的主语从句在句中作主语，有以下两种结构：,1,主语从句位于句首。,Who kept the door open all night was unknown.,不知道是谁让门整晚开着。,2,主语从句位于句尾，使用,it,作形式主语。,it,作形式主语置于句首的结构,(1),“,It,be,形容词,thatclause,”,结构，常用于这种句型的形容词有：,fortunate,，,possible,，,(un)likely,，,strange,，,probable,，,true,，,certain,等。,It is strange that no one wants to go there.,真奇怪，竟然没有人想要去那里。,(2),“,It,be,名词词组,thatclause,”,结构，常用于这种句型的名词及名词词组有：,an honour,，,a pity,，,a shame,，,no wonder,，,no surprise,等。,It is a pity that he cant attend the party.,真遗憾，他不能参加晚会。,Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.,我们队赢了比赛，这一点也不惊讶。,(3),“,It,be,过去分词,thatclause,”,结构，常用于这种句型的过去分词有：,said,，,believed,，,reported,，,proved,，,decided,，,known,等。,It is known to all that money cant grow on the tree.,众所周知，钱不会长在树上。,(4)It,seems,/appears/,happens,等不及物动词,thatclause,。,It seems that it is going to rain soon.,天看起来马上要下雨了。,(5)It,doesnt matter(makes no difference,，,etc.),连接代词,/,连接副词引导的主语从句。,It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.,我们在哪里召开会议并不重要。,注意：,当主语从句放在句尾而用形式主语时，形式主语只能用,it,，而不能使用,this,，,that,等代词。,二、主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类：,1,连词,that,，,whether,连接词,that,本身没有意义，不作句子成分，只起引导作用，位于句首时，,that,不能省略。,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,众所周知，光线直线运行。,whether,尽管不充当句子成分，但是含有,“,是否,”,的意思，可以加上,or not,，其语意不变。,Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,我们明天是否去野营取决于天气。,2,what,，,who(m),，,which,，,whose,，,when,，,where,，,why,，,how,这一类连接词除了引导主语从句之外，在从句中又分别起代词、副词或形容词的作用，在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语。因此，,what,，,who(m),，,which,又称为连接代词；,when,，,where,，,why,，,how,又称为连接副词；,whose,，,which,，,what,又称为连接形容词。,Who will do it doesnt matter.,谁来做这件事并没有关系。,(,连接代词,who,在从句中作主语,),Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.,图书馆将要建在哪里还未确定。,(,连接副词,where,在从句中作地点状语,),3,whatever,，,whoever,，,whomever,，,whichever,，,whenever,，,wherever,，,however,whatever,等连接词与,what,等连接代词的用法一样，不含疑问意义，只是具有较强的语意，有,“,凡是，不管，无论,”,等意思。,whenever,等连接词也是如此。,Whatever he said wasnt true.,他说的任何事情都不是真的。,Wherever you are is my homemy only home.,你在哪里哪里就是我的家,我惟一的家。,注意：,(1),从句作主语谓语动词常用单数，但如果,what,引导的从句作主语，后跟名词作表语时，谓语动词则由表语名词的数量决定。,What he told me is true.,他告诉我的是真的。,What he saw were some new comers.,他看见的是些新来的人。,(2)It is said that sb.do sth.,的复合句形式可转化为简单句,sb.be said to do sth.,，而且在简单句中常考查,to do,的具体形式。,(3)it,引导的强调句与,it,作形式主语的复合句的区别。,it,引导的强调句是用来对句中除谓语外某一成分加以强调，其结构为,“,It is,/was,被强调部分,that/,who.,”,。如果被强调的主语是,“,人,”,，则可用,who,或,that,，如果被强调的部分是其他成分时，必须用,that,。,It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.,是我昨天在街上遇到了约翰。,(,强调主语,),It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.,你没去看电影很可惜。,(,主语从句，形式主语,it),【,链接训练,】,_ I dont understand is _ they have got into trouble.,A,That,；,that B,What,；,that,C,What,；,what D,That,；,why,【,解析,】,what,引导主语从句，在从句中作,understand,的宾语；,that,引导表语从句。,【,答案,】,B,Is it harmful if the news spreads?,Im not sure.It remains to be seen _ it will be harmful.,A,that B,which,C,whether D,what,【,解析,】,whether,引导主语从句，表示,“,是否,”,。句意为：,如果消息传播出去会有不好的影响吗？,我不确定。它是否会有不利影响还有待于观察。,【,答案,】,C,_ China will become stronger is certain.,A,不填,B,That,C,What D,As,【,解析,】,考查,that,引导的主语从句。,that,在从句中不作任何成分，只起引导作用，置于句首时，,that,不能省略。,【,答案,】,B,_ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.,A,Which B,What,C,That D,It,【,解析,】,句意为：给所有的孩子机会发展他们的特殊才能显然是对的。,what,在它引导的主语从句中作主语。,【,答案,】,B,
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