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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 2,Wish you were here,1,、,arrange,v.,安排，整理，排列,arrange,sth,.for sb.,为某人安排某事,arrange to do,sth,.,安排做某事,arrange for sb.to do,sth,.,安排某人做某事,arrange with sb.to do,sth,.,与某人约定做某事,I have arranged with him to meet at the restaurant.,我已和他约好在饭馆见面。,His parents arranged a big party for his entering Hunan University.,他的父母亲为他进入湖南大学而举行了一个大型派对。,I arranged the flowers in the vase as soon as I came back home.,一回到家里，我就把花放在花瓶里插好。,arrangement n.,安排；筹备,make arrangements for,为,做好安排,If you wish,we can _ for your luggage to be sent on ahead to each of the overnight stops.,A.memorize B.contract,C.arrange D.call,C,arrange,for,安排,。,I _ one of my staff will meet you at the airport.,我已经安排好一个职员到机场接你。,have arranged that,The local newspaper_ with the mayor.,当地报纸安排对市长进行采访。,made arrangements for an interview,2,、,schedule,n.&,vt,.,计划,n.,on schedule,按计划；准时,ahead of schedule,提前,behind schedule,晚点；落后于预定计划,vt,.,be scheduled for,sth,.,安排某事,be scheduled to do,sth,.,安排做某事,We failed to arrive at the airport on schedule for the heavy traffic.,因为塞车，我们未能准时到达机场。,The leaders are scheduled to inspect our school this Friday.,领导安排这周星期五来我校视察工作。,校运动会安排在,11,月初举行。,_,It is scheduled for the sports meeting at the beginning of November.,3,、,view,v.,看；观察,The best way to select a project is to view its details.,选择一个工程最好的方法就是看它的细节。,viewas,把,视为,To view it as a whole,the situation is fairly good.,从总体上看，形势相当好。,n.,视野，风景；见解,We had a really good view of the whole stage from where we were sitting.,从我们坐的位置看，整个舞台尽收眼底,at first view,初看，一见,(,就,),come into view/sight,出现在眼前,go out of view,在视野内消失掉,in ones view,依照个人的见解,in view of,鉴于；由于；为了,with the view of,为,的目的,view,普遍用语，指从某处或远处所看到的视野范围内的景色，多为自然景色。,scenery,“,景色,”,的总称，指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌，是由多个,scene,构成的景色。,scene,是指从观察者的角度所看到的具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可与,view,通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动；也可指戏剧或电影的场景、片段。,sight,多用复数，常指人工景观，某处或者某地令人感兴趣的建筑物、地方等名胜。作不可数名词时，意为,“,看见，视野,”,。,There were no buildings _ to suggest the absence of any humans.,A.on watch B.in view,C.in look D.on view,B,句意：看不见有建筑物表明没有任何人来过这儿。,in view,表示“在视线内；看得见”。,_ is different from yours.,他的人生观与你的不同。,His view of life,4,、,advance,v.&n.,前进，推进,The captain ordered that the soldiers should advance in spite of the terrible weather.,长官命令士兵不顾恶劣的天气前进。,There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.,近,10,年医药,(,学,),有很大的进展。,doin advance,事先做好,advanced,adj.,高级的，先进的,advance,与,progress,用作动词时，词义与用法相近。,There will be a popular show this weekend,and my family,.,周末有一场受欢迎的表演，我家已提前订好了票。,have booked tickets in advance,Our soldiers _ against the flood.,我们的战士们在洪水面前勇敢地前进。,advanced,5,、辨析,supply,provide,offer,give,(1)supply,通常指定期供应，着重表示替换或满足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求。还可以作名词，意为“供给,(,量,),，物资，存货”。,medical/military supply,医疗,/,军用品,(2)provide“,提供，供给，装备，准备”，强调有预见并通过储备或准备的方式为某事做准备，以在需要时提供所需物品。,(3)offer,为常用词，意为“提出，提供，呈现”，表示向某人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助，服务或物品。这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的。,(4)give,比较口语化，表示给别人东西或恩惠。以就事论事的观点，不与对方是否报答挂钩。,The water is in short supply.,水供应不足了。,The company provides consultation and other services.,该公司提供咨询等服务。,He offered me a job.,他给我提供了一份工作。,He gave me a book.,他给了我一本书。,supply,provide,offer,give,四词的常用搭配如下：,表示“向某人提供某物”。,supply/provide sb.with,sth,.,supply/provide,sth,.for sb.,give/offer/supply,sth,.to sb.,give/offer sb.,sth,.,表示“主动提出做某事”。,offer to do,sth,.,表示“倘使，假如”。,provided/providing that,on condition that,only if,A pipeline will be built to _ some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.,A.give B.supply,C.send D.offer,B,由句中,with natural gas,可知应该用,supply,，固定搭配为,supply sb.with,sth,.,。,When the,Wenchuan,earthquake happened,_ of all kinds were shipped there to help those in difficulty.,A.offers B.,providings,C.supplies D.goods,C,解答本题一定要看懂句子的意思，同时注意,were shipped there,，从而得知是强调“供需物质”，而不是“恩赐”或是“施舍”，也不是“,(,供销售的,),货物”。,6,、,bury,vt,.,埋葬；埋藏；使专心，使沉浸,buryin,把,埋到,bury oneself in/be buried in,埋头于，专注于,He was sitting on the bench in the park,burying her head in the book in her hands.,他坐在公园的长凳上，埋头看手里的那本书。,Ever since he moved there,he has been buried in his recent work.,自从他搬到那里后，他就埋头于现在的工作。,表示“专注于某事”的短语还有以下几个：,be absorbed in,be devoted to,be lost in,focus,on,，,concentrate,on,等。,1,、,be busy doing,sth,.,忙于做某事,be busy with/at,sth,.,忙于某事,Jimmy is busy with/at his homework.,吉米正忙着做家庭作业。,Mother is busy cooking.,妈妈正忙着做饭。,be absorbed/buried in(doing),sth,.,bury oneself in(doing),sth,.,be engaged in(doing),sth,.,engage oneself in(doing),sth,.,be occupied in/with(doing),sth,.,occupy oneself in/with(doing),sth,.,表示“忙于,(,做,),某事”的词组,Professor Smith is busy _a report on his research.,A.with writing B.to be writing,C.writing D.to write,C,be busy doing,sth,.,忙于做某事；,be busy with,sth,.,忙于某事。,e.g.I am busy with my housework.,I am busy doing my housework.,2,、,in case,万一,常引导一个目的状语从句。也常单独使用置于句末，作状语。,Ill stay at home in case he comes for a visit.,我就待在家里以备他来访。,【,注意,】,in case,引出的从句所表示的意义是“为应付某种情况的出现”；如果从句说的是假设或条件，则要用,if,。请比较：,Ill tell him about the matter if I meet him.(,不用,in case),Take an umbrella in case it rains.(,不用,if),在上下文意义很明确时，有时可省去,in case,后从句的内容。,I dont think it will rain,but Ill take an umbrella in case(it rains),我认为不会下雨，但我还是带一把伞以防万一。,(1)in any case,在任何情况下，无论如何，相当于,whatever happens,。,You should finish your composition before school is over in any case.,无论如何，你必须在放学前完成作文。,(2)in that/this case,如果那样,/,这样,(,的话,),；在那种,/,这种情况下,In that case,wed better hold a discussion about the problem.,那样的话，我们最好对这一问题展开讨论。,(3)in case of,如果，万一，在发生了,的情况下，后接名词、代词或动名词。,In case of fire,dial 119 at once.,如果发生火灾，立即拨打,119,。,(4)in the case of,就,来说,Failure is no shame in the case of a scientist.,就科学家来说，失败并非羞耻事。,(5)in no case,决不，在任何情况下都不，置于句首时，须用倒装语序。,In no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.,教室里绝对不允许吸烟。,(6)case,的其他词义：,the case,实情，情况,in ones case,in the case of sb.,在某人的情况下，根据某人的情况,look into the case,调查这一案例,a jewel case,首饰盒,Mr.Smith stayed in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing boy.,A.in case B.in no case,C.in any case D.in case of,A,in case,以防万一，以应付；,in no case,决不；,in any case,无论如何；,in case of,之后只能接名词，所以只能选,A,。句意：史密斯先生整天都待在酒店，以防万一有失踪男孩的消息。,My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the house _ there is a power out.,A.if B.unless,C.in case D.so that,C,in case,以防万一。句意：我父母住在一个小村子里，家里总准备着蜡烛以备断电之用。,3,、辨析,even though,though,although,as though/if,(1)even though,意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。,though,和,although,也引导让步状语从句，与,even though,同义。,He will not tell the secret(even)though/although he knows it.,尽管他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。,Even though/Although/Though it was raining,yet he went there.,Even though/Although/Though it was raining,he still went there.,尽管下着雨，他还是去那儿了。,(2)though,可以放在句末或句中，用来减缓语气，表示“可是，然而”，相当于,however,although,却不能。,Although/Though he believes it,yet he will not act.,他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。,There is,though,a technique that works.,不过有一种技术却十分有效。,I think I can manage.Thanks though.,谢谢你的好意，不过我想我应付得了。,(3)as though(,as if),意为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。,He spoke as though/if he had been here before.,他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。,Child as/though the boy is,he knows three foreign languages.(,不能用,although),这个男孩尽管还是一个小孩，他却会讲,3,种外语。,Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,Though he will try hard,he never seems,虽然他努力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。,as“,虽然”，引出让步状语从句，只用于倒装语序结构中，语气强于,though,和,although,。,_,，,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.,A.As long as I have traveled,B.Now that I have traveled so much,C.Much as I have traveled,D.As I have traveled so much,C,“,虽然我走过了那么多地方，我从来没有见过像约翰这样有能力的人。,”,这是一个让步状语从句。,as,在连接让步状语从句时，要把形容词或副词放在它的前面。如果是名词，一般不加冠词。,as long as,“,只要,”,，连接条件状语从句；,now that,“,既然,”,，连接原因状语从句；,as,“,因为,”,，连接原因状语从句。,1,、,Well try to get as close as possible to the animals,even though theyre dangerous,so that I can take some really good photos.,即使这些动物很危险，我们还是要试图尽可能地接近它们，这样我就有可能拍到一些真正的好照片了。,so that,意思为,“,为了，以便于,”,时，接目的状语从句，相当于,in order that,；意思为,“,结果,”,时，接结果状语从句。,so as to,“,为了，以便于,”,，后接动词原形，相当于,in order to,。但是,so as to,不可放在句首，,in order to,可用于句首。,Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _ I forget.,A.though B.so that,C.in case D.until,C,“,请明天再提醒我开会的事，以备我忘了。,”,考查目的状语从句。,in case,“,以防，以免,”,，连接目的状语从句。,though,连接让步状语从句；,so that,“,为了,”,，连接目的状语从句；,until,连接时间状语从句，故选,C,。,suggest“,建议”，其后的,that,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。动词,advise,和,recommend,均表“建议”，均有这种用法。,It is suggested/advised/recommended/ordered(,命令,)that,从句和,My suggestion/advice/recommendation/order is that,从句，谓语动词也用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。但是,suggest,作“暗示，表明”的意思时，其后的,that,从句谓语动词用陈述语气。,2,、,Jennifer suggested that Colin should take a first aid kit on his trip.,珍妮弗建议科林旅行时带一只急救箱。,The doctor recommended that you _ smoke any more.,A.wouldnt B.couldnt,C.neednt D.shouldnt,D,考查虚拟语气。,recommend,表,“,建议,”,时，宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为,“,(should),do,”,，故选,D,。,1.D,make advances,取得进步。根据,in the near future,可知应用将来时的被动语态。,1.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists.(2011,湖南,),A.are making B.are made,C.will make D.will be made,2.C,根据句意可知，此处指“房子反映人的个性”。,2.Just as the clothes a person wears,the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time,his house _ his personality.(2010,湖北,),A.resembles B.strengthens,C.reflects D.shapes,形容词和副词,形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词通常作定语，表语，主补，宾补和状语。修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等或表达状态的词叫副词。副词常见类别有：,1,时间副词：常见的有,now,then,soon,ago,recently,lately,later,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,suddenly,immediately,still,already,just,等。,2,地点副词：常见的有,here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,upstairs,downstairs,等。,3,方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以,ly,结尾，常见的有,quietly,heavily,warmly,carefully,happily,politely,angrily,等。,4,频度副词：常见的有,always,usually,often,frequently,constantly,occasionally,sometimes,seldom,hardly,rarely,never,等。,5,程度副词：常见的有,fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,deeply,partly,perfectly,really,等。,6,连接副词：这类副词在语义上起连接作用，但用法上为副词，常见连接副词有,therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover,furthermore,still,thus,meanwhile,等。,7,关系副词：就是引导定语从句的,when,where,why,等。,8,疑问副词：就是用于引出特殊疑问句的,when,where,why,how,等。,一、比较级和最高级的构成规律,1,在一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式要双写该辅音字母。如：,big bigger biggest,。,2,在以,e,结尾的单音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式常在原级形式后加,r,和,st,。,如：,nice nicer nicest,。,3,其他单音节形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是在其原级后面直接加上,er,和,est,。,如：,new newer newest,。,4,在以辅音字母,y,结尾的双音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式常改,y,为,i,，末尾再加,er,和,est,。如：,easy easier easiest,。,5,大多数多音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式由,more/most,加原级构成。如：,beautiful more beautiful most beautiful,。,6,但有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如：,far further furthest,。,二、常见句式,(,以形容词为例,),1.A is as,形容词原级,as B,A,与,B,一样,2.A is not so/as,形容词原级,as B,A,与,B,不一样,3.A is,形容词比较级,than B,A,比,B,4.A is not,形容词比较级,than B,A,不比,B,5.A is no,形容词比较级,than B,A,与,B,一样不,6.A is less,形容词原级,than B,A,没有,B,7.A is not less,形容词原级,than B,A,不比,B,不,8.A is no less,形容词原级,than B,A,与,B,一样,9.A is,数词名词 形容词比较级,than B,A,比,B,具体数目,10.A is,much/a great deal/far/a lot,形容词比较级,than B,A,比,B,很多,11.A is,形容词比较级,and,形容词比较级,A,越来越,12.The,形容词比较级，,the,形容词比较级 越,就越,13.Not,a(n,),形容词比较级,n.,形容词最高级 没有更,14.What,a(n,),形容词原级,n.,主语,is/What,形容词原级,n,(pl.),主语,are,是多么的,15.How,形容词原级,(,主语,)is/are,是多么,16.How,a(n,),形容词原级,n.(,主语,)is/are,是多么,17.A is such,a(n,),形容词原级,n.,A,是如此,的,18.A is so,形容词原级,a(n,),n,A,是如此,的,19.A is,形容词原级,than,形容词原级与其说,A,是,不如说,A,是,20.A is,数词,times,形容词比较级,than B/A is,数词,times as,形容词原级,as B/A is,数词,times the,n,of B,A(,在,方面,),是,B,的多少倍,21.A is the,形容词比较级,of the two,A,是两者中较,的一个,22.A is(the),形容词最高级,in/of,A,是,中最,23.A is,形容词比较级,than any other n,(sing.),A,比任何一个别的,要,24.A is,形容词比较级,than any n,(sing.),A,比任何一个,要,25.A is the,序数词形容词最高级,n.,A,是第几个最,26.A is,a(n,),形容词最高级,n.,a very,形容词原级,n.,A,非常,1,以,ly,结尾的形容词有以下几种情况,表示人际关系的名词,ly,：,friendly(,友好的,),brotherly(,兄弟般的,),，,sisterly(,姊妹般的,),，,manly(,男子汉气概的,),，,womanly(,女人般的,),，,fatherly(,慈父般的,),，,motherly(,慈母般的,),，,comradely(,同志式的,),；,表示时间的名词,ly,(,这些词也可用作名词，副词,):daily(,日常的,),weekly(,每周的,),monthly(,每月的,),yearly(,每年的,),；,其他情况：,deadly(,致命的,),costly(,昂贵的,),likely(,可能的,),lively(,活泼的,),lovely(,可爱的,),。,2,注意,tooto,的用法,“,tooto”,一般意为“太,而不能,”,。但下列两种情况不表否定：“,tooto”,结构之前有“,but,，,only,，,all,，,simply,，,just”,修饰时，该结构表示强烈的肯定意义，译为“非常,/,十分,/,实在,/,真是太,”,等；,too,之后加表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词，表示肯定意义。,这类形容词有“,glad,，,pleased,，,happy,，,satisfied,，,ready,，,apt,，,easy,，,incline(,倾向于,),，,kind,，,eager”,等表示“非常”。,“,not/never tooto”,表达“不太,可以,/,决不,能,”,。“,toonot to”,译为“非常,不会不,”,，“,canttoo”,表达“再怎么,也不为过”,3,副词的位置,单个程度副词常放被修饰词前，短语副词放在被修饰词后面。,方式副词放被修饰词后面。,also,及频度副词的位置：放,be,动词，助动词,(,包括助动词,be,has,，,have,，,had,，情态动词,can,，,must,等,),后；放实义动词和半系动词前；同时出现助动词,be,和其他助动词，放中间。,否定副词放句首，句子用部分倒装。,同时出现地点，时间副词，地点副词放时间副词前。,4,形容词的顺序,有位英国的语法学家在,1999,年专门造了个单词,opshacom,，其中文意义就是“多个形容词的排序”：,opopinion,评注性形容词,sh,shape and size,形状和大小的形容词,aage,年龄的形容词,c,colour,颜色的形容词,oorigin,产地的形容词,mmaterial,材料的形容词,5,兼有两种形式的副词,close,意思是“近”；,closely,意思是“仔细地”。,He is sitting close to me.,他就坐在我边上。,Watch him closely.,好好盯着他。,late,意思是“晚”；,lately,意思是“最近”。,You have come too late.,你来得太晚了。,What have you been doing lately?,近来好吗？,deep,意思是“深”，表示空间深度；,deeply,常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。,He pushed the stick deep into the mud.,他把棍子深深插进泥里。,Even father was deeply moved by the film.,老爸也被电影深深打动了。,high,表示空间高度；,highly,表示程度，相当于,much,。,The plane was flying high.,这架飞机飞得很高。,I think highly of your opinion.,你的看法很有道理。,wide,表示空间宽度；,widely,意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。,He opened the door wide.,他把门开得大大的。,English is widely used in the world.,英语在世界范围内广泛使用。,free,的意思是“免费”；,freely,的意思是“无限制地”。,You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.,无论什么时候，我的餐馆都免费对你开放。,You may speak freely;say what you like.,你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。,7,常考词辨析,even“,甚至”，“即使”，“连,都”，表示强调，其位置在它所强调的词前。,Even a child can understand this.,小孩都懂啊。,和比较级连用，“比,更,”,，“比,还要,”,用于疑问句、条件句、否定句时，作“曾经”或“一旦有机会的时候”讲，也可以用于比较级或最高级中，用在疑问句之后，表示“到底”，“究竟”。,6,可修饰比较级的词,a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even,等。,just“,恰好”，“正好”，位于助动词之后，无助动词时，位于主要动词前，,be,动词后，但在修饰名词时，要放在,the,前。,This coat is just the right size.,大衣正合适。,有时与,only,连用表示“刚好”，“刚刚”。,Are you only just up?,刚起床吗？,直接放在形容词前，表示,“,太,”,，,“,真,”,，加强语气。,This food is just wonderful.,饭菜太好吃了。,作形容词表示,“,公正的,”,，,“,公平的,”,，,“,正直的,”,。,much,常用来修饰动词、过去分词、个别形容词。和形容词或副词的比较级和最高级连用，表示“,得多”，“最,”,。注意：,much,要置于,the,之前。,This is much the most difficult.,这是最难的。,most,和形容词或副词构成最高级形式，“最”的意思。如果形容词后面有名词，则加,the,，反之不加。也可以和动词连用表示“最”。和,a,连用表示“非常”。,It is a most joyful occasion.,这是个非常欢乐的场合。,和形容词一起作表语，表示“非常”。,She has been most anxious for your return for a long time.,你回来他高兴了好久。,和副词一起作状语，表示“非常”。,I do thank you most warmly for doing this job for me.,非常感谢你为我做的一切。,quite,与表示程度的形容词或副词连用，意为“达到某种程度”，“很”，“相当”。,I quite like some opera music.,我颇喜欢某些歌剧乐曲。,与表示极度的形容词或副词连用，起加强语气作用。,The view was quite breathtaking.,那景色美极了。,与表示绝对的词语连用，意为“完全地”，“整体地”，“十分地”。,Are you sure youre quite satisfied?,你真十分满意吗？,still,多用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句、疑问句中，表示同一状态的延续，因此，所修饰的动词常是状态动词。在否定句中，置于否定助动词前。也可以作为程度副词，修饰比较级，表示“更加”，“越发”。,still,作形容词用时，表示“静止的”，“安静的”。,yet,是时间副词，常用于现在完成时，表示预期要发生的动作，所修饰的动词常是瞬间动词，句子多是否定句或疑问句，其位置多在句末。,1.The boy likes football _,，,but doesnt like basketball _.,A.much;much,B.much;very much,C.very much;much,D.much;very,C,许多同学只是认为,very much,比,much,语气强，除此之外，其用法是完全一样的。如果这样想，那就错了。按英语习惯，副词,much,修饰动词时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，不能用于肯定句中,(,除非其前有,very,too,so,等之类的修饰语,),。,2.He fell down to the ground,his mouth _ and eyes _.,A.open;close B.opened;closed,C.opened;close D.open;closed,D,此题很容易误选,A,，其实应选,D,。,open,和,close,均可用作动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：,Please open your mouth.(
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