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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 3,Amazing people,1,、,curious,adj.,好奇的；奇怪的，不寻常的；难以理解的,be curious about,对,感到好奇,be curious to do,sth,.,对做某事感到好奇,be curious,that,从句,/,wh,从句,(,从句谓语可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,),I heard a curious noise coming from above.,我听到从上面传来的一个奇怪的响声。,We were curious about the cause of the accident/about what caused the accident.,我们对事故的起因很好奇。,Hes curious to know what she said.,他想知道她说了什么。,They are curious how it is(should be)made.,他们很想知道这是怎么做成的。,Kids are always _ about what they see for the first time.,A.eager B.curious,C.anxious D.interested,B,考查,4,个形容词的词义。,A,意为“急切盼望的，热心的”；,B,意为“好奇的，求知欲强的”；,C,意为“担忧的”；,D,意为“感兴趣的”。,2,、,preserve,vt,.,保护，保存，保持,n.,保护区,preserve sb./,sth,.from,sth,.,保护,免受,nature preserve,自然保护区,In summer,a great deal of fruit may be preserved by freezing.,夏天，大量的水果可冷藏。,wellpreserved,adj,.,保存良好的,preservation,n,.,维护；保护；保持,The water and soil preservation project has been set up.,水土保持项目已经建立起来了。,3,、辨析,disturb,interrupt,disturb,和,interrupt,都是及物动词，但意思不同。前者是,“,干扰、困扰,”,，后者是,“,打断,”,。,disturb,还可表示,“,妨碍；妨害；侵犯,(,权利,),；弄乱，打乱,(,计划等,),；激荡,(,水面,)”,。,She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident.,她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。,Dont interrupt your teacher while he is talking.,老师在讲话的时候你不要打断他。,He put his oars in the water and disturbed the smooth surface of the lake.,他把桨放入水中，搅乱了平静的湖面。,Dont disturb the paper on my desk.,别乱动我桌上的文件。,disturbing adj.,令人不安的；使人震惊的,The,programme,was _ for half an hour because of a sudden power failure last night.,A.disturbed B.missed,C.interrupted D.paused,C,本句意思为,“,昨晚因停电，节目被中断了半个小时。,”,interrupt,中断；,disturb,打乱，扰乱；,miss,思念，错过；,pause,暂停，为不及物动词。,4,、辨析,certain,，,sure,一般来说，,sure,和,certain,的用法是相同的，但,sure,的语气比,certain,听起来弱些，而区别主要体现在搭配上。,(1),两者都能用于以下句型中：,a.be sure/certain,about/of,短语，表示“对,(,某事,),有把握”。主语必须是人，,about/of,之后多跟名词、代词。,I am sure/certain of his returning.,我确信他会回来。,b.be sure/certain to do,sth,.,句型中，表示“一定会做某事”，主语可以是人，也可以是物。,Spring is sure/certain to follow winter.,冬天过后一定是春天。,This is sure/certain to result in/cause a quarrel.,这肯定会引起一场争吵。,c.,两者都能用于“,sb.be sure/certain,从句”和“,sb.make sure/certain,从句”句型中，表示“确信,”,，“确定；弄清楚”。,You must make sure/certain when the bus will leave.,你必须弄清汽车何时出发,(2),二者的不同点在于：,a.,如果,it,作为形式主语代替从句时，则其后的表语用,certain,，而不能用,sure,。,It isnt certain whether he will give us a report next Monday.,下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定。,b.,两者在作定语时含义不同。,sure,意为“可靠的；无误的”；而,certain,若修饰可数名词，意为“某一；某些；某种；一些”，若修饰抽象名词，表示程度，意为“有点；有些”。,He made a sure answer.,他回答得准确无误。,A certain person called on me yesterday.,昨天有个人来找过我。,c.,在祈使句中常用,sure,，不宜用,certain,。,Be sure and remember what I told you.,千万要记住我对你讲的话。,d.,口语中，,sure,常作副词，用在肯定答语中替代,surely,，这时与,of course,，,certainly,意思相当，而,certain,不可作副词用。,Would you please turn down the radio a little bit?,请你把收音机音量调小点，好吗？,Sure/Of course/Certainly.,当然可以。,Its _ that he said:“I am _ to help you.”,Dont take it seriously.He is always playing that trick.,A.sure;sure B.certain;certain,C.sure;certain D.certainly;surely,B,it,作形式主语时只能用,certain,作表语。人作主语时，,sure,和,certain,都可以用，但是不能用,surely,。故选,B,。,5,、,once,adv,.,一次，曾经,conj.,一旦,就,She once knew him.,她以前认识他。,Once bitten,twice shy.,一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。,/,吃一次亏，学一次乖。,Once you begin,you must continue.,一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。,once more/again,再一次；重新,at once,马上，立刻；,(,instantly),同时,once upon a time,从前,(,用于故事的开头,),all at once,一下子，突然,once and for all(,或,once for all),一劳永逸地；彻底地,Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?,_ it doesnt rain.,A.Until B.While,C.Once D.If,D,明天我们去野餐好吗？,如果不下雨的话,(,我们就去,),。考查条件状语从句。,until“,直到,时”，用于否定句时，意为“直到,才”；,while“,当,时候”；,once“,一旦,就,”,；,if“,如果”。据句意，选,D,。该句完整形式为：,If it doesnt rain,we shall have our picnic tomorrow.,6,、,desire,n,.,愿望，欲望，渴望,vt,.,渴望，期望,have a strong desire to do,sth,.,有强烈的愿望做某事,have a desire for,sth,.,渴望得到某物,desire(sb.)to do,sth,.,渴望,(,某人,),做某事,desire that sb.should do,渴望,Each student in his class has a strong desire to go to a famous university.,在他的班上每个学生都有上名牌大学的强烈的愿望。,My parents desire me to become a doctor.,我的父母亲渴望我能成为一名医生。,He has a strong desire that,(,他的父亲能回来,)for a New Years holiday.,his father should come back,His father,(,渴望他能上重点大学,),desires him to enter a key university,7,、,apply,vt,.,涂，敷；应用，实施；,vi,.,申请，请求；适用,apply oneself to,致力于；专心于,apply,sth,.to,sth,.,应用某物于某物,apply to sb.for,sth,.,向某人申请某物,apply to sb./,sth,.,适于,/,应用于某人,/,某物,In this way they can better apply theory to practice.,这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。,He has applied for a post in England.,他已申请在英国供职。,These were old regulations they dont apply any more.,这些是旧的规则，它们现在不再适用了。,application,n.,申请；应用；专心,applied,adj.,应用的,He applied himself to learning French.,他专心学习法语。,Apply some medicine _ his wound.,A.on B.for,C.to D.in,C,句意：把药敷到伤口上。,apply,to,在此表示,“,涂,/,敷,到,上,”,。,The villagers _ the local government for financial help.,A.asked for B.applied to,C.looked for D.applied for,B,apply to sb.for,sth,.,向某人申请某物。,1,、辨析,as well as,as well,(1)as well as,作为习语用作介词时，其含义是“还有”、“不但,而且,”,。在,A as well as B,的结构里，语意的重点在,A,，不在,B,。,He can speak Spanish as well as English.,他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语。,as well as,用作连词引出比较从句，其义为“和,一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部。,He speaks Spanish as well as English.,他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。,用于主语之后，谓语动词的单复数形式跟它前面的主语保持一致。,The students,as well as their teacher,are all excited at the news.,听到这个消息，学生们和老师都感到兴奋。,(2)as well,单独使用于句尾表示“也”，相当于,also,但不能用于否定句。,He is a host and a writer as well.,他既是一位主持人又是一位作家。,可构成短语,might/may as well“,不妨”“还是,为好”，后可直接跟动词原形。,You may as well try it again.,你不妨再试一试。,In addition to English,he has to study a second language.,He has to study a second language _ English.,He has to study English and a second language _.,as well as;as well,There is nothing to do,so I _ in the office and wait for the manager to come back.,A.may as well to stay,B.may as well staying,C.may as well stay,D.may as well stayed,C,句意：没有别的办法，因此我只好待在办公室等经理回来。,may/might as well do,sth,.,意思是,“,还是做某事为好,”,、,“,不如做某事,”,。,My sister,as well as her classmates who _ late for class,_ criticized by Mr.Hunt.,A.were;was B.was;were,C.was;was D.were;were,A,由于定语从句中的主谓一致是由先行词决定的，所以前面一空和,her classmates,一致，用复数谓语动词的形式；当,as well as,并列连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由,as well as,前面那个主语决定，即：,my sister,，所以用单数。,2,、,come across,偶然碰到；走过来；出现于,I came across his name on the list.,我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。,同义短语有,run across/run into,Have you come/run across any problems with your homework?,最近家庭作业有问题吗？,Have you _ some new ideas?,Yeah,I will tell you later.,A.come about B.come across,C.come up with D.come out with,C,考查与,come,相关的词组的辨析。,come about,发生；,come across,偶然碰到；,come up with,想出，提出；,come out with,发表，公布；说出。,3,、辨析,manage to do,try to do,try doing,(1)manage to do,意为“设法做成了某事”，强调其结果是成功的。,(2)try to do,意为“尽力做某事”，但是不一定成功。,(3)try doing,sth,.,意为“试着做某事；尝试做”。,He managed to do the operation with very little help.,在没有多少帮助的情况下，他设法把手术做成功了。,He tried to pass the exam,but he failed.,他努力想通过考试，但是失败了。,Lets try knocking at the back door.,咱们敲后边的门试试。,In spite of these insults,she managed not to get angry.,尽管遭受到这些侮辱，她忍着没发火。,4,、辨析,result in,，,result from,(1)result in,导致，造成，产生某种作用或结果,(2)result from,产生于,，由,引起，缘于,Drug abuse will result in worse health.,滥用毒品会导致体质降低。,Sickness often results from eating too much.,疾病往往因吃得太多而引起。,as a result,as a consequence,因而，结果；作为结果,as a result of,由于,的原因,表原因的介词短语还有：,because of,on account of,owing to,due to,thanks to,Last night,their house was broken into._,，,they suffered heavy losses.,A.Result in B.As a result,C.Result from D.As a result of,B,句意：昨晚，有人闯入他们家。结果，他们遭受巨大损失。,A,、,C,为动词短语，作谓语；,B,接结果；,D,接原因。,Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping.,A.as a result of B.on top of,C.in front of D.in need of,A,句意：由于购物花费时间太多，珍妮差点错过航班。考查介词短语辨析。,A.,由于；,B.(,危险,),逼近；除,之外；完全控制,(,局面,),；,C.,在,前面；,D.,需要。,If breathed in,是过去分词作条件状语，这里相当于,if the viruses are breathed in,。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又有,be,动词，或从句主谓结构是,it is,时，常省略从句的主语和,be,动词。,If heated,water will turn into steam.,If water is heated,it will turn into steam.,水如果受热就会变成水蒸气。,1,、,If breathed in,they can result in illness or even death.,如果把病毒吸入了，就可能生病甚至死亡。,When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.,When he was asked why he went there,heflight.,当被问及他为什么去那儿时，他回答说他是被送去那儿为太空航行作训练的。,Every evening after dinner,if not _ from work,I will spend some time,practising,playing the piano.,A.being tired B.tiring,C.tired D.to be tired,C,“,每天晚餐后，如果工作不是很累，我会花一些时间练习弹钢琴。,”,考查非谓语动词作状语。从句补充完整为,If I am not tired,主句和从句主语一致，省略主语和,be,动词，又因该句的动作为经常发生，所以排除,A,、,D,。,(1),强调句型：,It is/was(not),被强调部分,that,其他。强调人时,that,可换为,who,。,It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met,Mr,Smith.,正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到了史密斯先生。,It was not he but I that/who was to blame.,要怪的不是他，是我。,2,、,Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test,it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.,杨虽然并没有在每门测试中得最高分，但是是他的心理测试最高分使得他最终赢得中国第一宇航员的地位。,(2),一般疑问句：,Is/Was,it,被强调部分,that,未被强调部分？,Was it yesterday that you saw a foreigner in the park?,你在公园见到一个外国人是在昨天吗？,(3),特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,is/was,it,that,未被强调部分？,Who was it that was to blame?,这件事到底该怪谁？,It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.,A.how B.which,C.that D.where,C,“,沿着密西西比河，马克,吐温度过了许多童年时光。,”,考查强调句型。本句强调地点状语，故选,C,。,It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.,A.that B.when,C.while D.as,A,“,直到午夜他们才到达野营地。,”,考查强调句型。本句对,not until,连接的时间状语进行强调。,A,curious,好奇的；,excited,兴奋的；,anxious,焦急的；,careful,仔细的。,People have always _ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010,天津,),A.curious B.excited,C.anxious D.careful,如何写好并列句,并列句是指在一个句子中含有两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构,(,即并列分句,),。并列句中的几个分句通常由并列连词来连接，所以写好并列句掌握连词的意义及语法作用是关键。,【,句型,1】,简单句 并列连词 简单句,Faced with difficulties,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.,面临困难，他们从不放弃，而是尽最大努力解决。,连接并列句的连词可分为以下几类：,单纯连词：,and,bothand,，,not only but also,，,as well as,，,转折连词：,but,，,however,yet,still,while,，,选择连词：,or,，,notbut,，,either or,，,neither nor,推理连词：,so,therefore,for,，,【,句型,2】,祈使句,and/or(otherwise),简单句,Take the chance,or/otherwise you will regret it.,抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。,本句型是并列句的一种特殊用法，可以与包含有条件状语从句的复合句进行转换。,上句可转换为：,If you dont take the chance,you will regret it.,将下列简单句合并成并列句。,1.Im interested in English.I hope to be an interpreter in the future.,_,2.The English teacher came to me.I was reading the text aloud as other students.,_,3.He was very tired.He fell sound asleep.,_,4.Li Meng sings well.Li Meng dances well.,_,5.You should study hard.Youll fail in the exam.,_,1.Im interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future.,2.The English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students.,3.He was very tired;therefore he fell sound asleep.,4.Not only does Li Meng sing well,but also she dances well.,5.Study hard,or youll fail in the exam.,动词和动词短语,一、动词的分类,根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为,4,类：,1,行为动词,(,实义动词,),及物动词,(,带宾语,),：,study,develop,不及物动词,(,不带宾语,)work,swim,go,come,状态动词,(,相对静止,)contain,exist,own,prefer,belong,动作动词 延续性,(work,stay),；非延续性,(marry,go,come),2,系动词,表示人或事物的特征和状态：,be,feel,look,seem,taste,appear,sound,表示状态的变化：,turn,go,become,get,fall,grow,表示某种状态的延续或持续：,remain,keep,stay,3,助动词,(,与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语,),：,be(am,is,are),，,do(does,did);,have(has,);will,would,shall,4,情态动词：,can(could,),，,may(might,),must,shall(should,),一、动词词义辨析,动词是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空等题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：,1,形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：,lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat,等。,2,意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：,borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish,等。,3,动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：,advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past,等。,4,意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：,explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,find out,等。,5,某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：,ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear,等。,6,某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：,give in,give up,turn on,turn off,turn down,turn up,等。,二、易混动词归纳对比,1,lay(,放,),lie(,躺,),与,lie(,说谎,),：,中文,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,说明,放,lay,laid,laid,laying,及物动词,躺,lie,lay,lain,lying,不及物动词,说谎,lie,lied,lied,lying,不及物动词,2.rise,和,raise,：,rise vi.(rose,risen),而,raise,vt,.(raised,raised),。,3,hear,与,listen to,：,hear,侧重点是听到，听见什么，而,listen to,是侧重于听的倾向，但,hear,用于无意中的听见，而,listen to,却用于集中注意力的听。,4,see,watch,和,look,：,see,用作看电影，剧目；,watch,则用作看电视比赛，而,watch,还有在旁观看之意。如：,Are you going to play or only watch?look,一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：,The little boy looked me in the face.(,小男孩直盯着我的脸。,),5,wind,和,wound,：,wind,意为“蜿蜒而行”，其过去式与过去分词都是,wound,，而动词原形,wound,意为“伤害”，其过去式、过去分词都是,wounded,。,6,hang,的用法：,hang,有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是,hung,；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是,hanged,。,7,bear,的过去分词,born,与,borne,：,bear,作为“出生”讲有两个过去分词,born,，,borne,。只有当,be,born,短语后没有,by,介词短语时，才可用,born,。如：,He was born in Shanghai.,而作他用时要用,borne,。如：,She has borne five children.,但如果作“忍受”讲，则一律用,borne,。,8,sit,与,seat,：,seat,为及物动词时是作“容纳”讲，,sit,只是表示动作。,seat,如果表示“就座”时要用,be seated,。如：,They were seated at their desks.,或用,seat oneself,比如：,I seated myself in the armchair.,9,borrow,lend,与,keep,：“借入”英文中用,borrow,，“借出”用,lend,，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以能“借”多久应用,keep,。,10,steal,与,rob,：,steal,为“偷”。,rob,为“抢”，其用法不同。,steal,其后接物,from,某人、某地，而,rob,其后接人,of,抢的物品。,11,fit,与,suit,：,fit,与,suit,均可作“合适”讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如,fit,用于尺寸大小的合适，而,suit,则多用于颜色式样的合适。,12,take,bring,与,fetch,：英文中“拿”,3,个词，即“拿来，拿去，去取然后回来,(,即双程,)”,。所以“拿来，带来”是,bring,，“拿去，带走”是,take,，而“去取回来”是,fetch,。,13,answer,与,reply,：作为“回答”讲,answer,是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如,answer for,，意为“向某人或向某事负责”。而,reply,作“回答”讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上,to,。,14,lost,gone,与,missing,：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用,lost,gone,，但要用,miss,时则不能用,missed,而要用,missing,。,15,have on,wear,put on,及,dress,：作“穿衣服”讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。,have on,与,wear,作穿着状态讲；但,have on,不用进行时态，而,wear,则常要用进行时态。,put on,是动作，但,dress,既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如：,He was dressed in a blue suit.,作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：,I dress my children in the morning every day.,16,speak,say,talk,与,tell,英文中“讲”有,4,个词，,speak,say,talk,tell,，但其中,speak,talk,多用作不及物动词，但,speak,后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：,Please speak English.,而,say,与,tell,是及物动词，其中,tell,常用作接双宾语，如：,Tell me a story.,但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作“讲实话，讲谎言”,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其他词，如：,My watch was broken.It couldnt tell time correctly,在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为,It said,在作“辨别不同”讲时是,tell,，如：,Can you tell me the difference between the two,？而“讲别人好、坏话”时用,speak,，如：,The father always speaks well of his son.,17,与名词易混的动词有：,advise(,v,.),advice(,n,.);,bathe(,v,.),bath(,n,.);,breathe(,v,.),breath(,n,.);,choose(,v,.),choice(,n,.);,succeed(,v,.),success(,n,.),。,18,意义相近的动词：,ring,摇铃，打铃，电话铃响；,strike,专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；,suggest,提出实验性或推测性的建议，,advice,表示对经验不足的人的一种忠告；,look,由视觉得出的印象，,seem,暗示一定根据的判定，,appear,外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；,stay,停留，逗留，,remain,遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；,discover(,发现,),找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，,invent(,发明,),研制出不存在的东西；,remember,记忆起以前的经历或知道的事，,remind,提醒某人做某事。,三、动词短语,动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含义上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：,1,根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。,(1),动词副词,(,不及物,),Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.,晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。,(2),动词副词,(,及物,),Please turn every light in the house off.,请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。,注意：,如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。,She turned off all the lights which had been left on.,她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。,如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。,She gave them away.,她送掉了它们。,(3),动词介词,(,及物,),Im looking for my glasses.,我在找我的眼镜。,注意：,当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。,Shes got more work than she can cope with.,她的工作多得使她应付不了。,(4),动词副词介词,I look forward to seeing you soon.,我盼望不久就见到你。,注意：,“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这,3,种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。,In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(,不能漏掉,after),这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。,2,熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
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