高考英语最后一讲应试技巧 新课标 人教版 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2006,年高考英语最后一讲应试技巧,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,一、总体应试策略,1,、,试卷来不及答怎么办？,对策：首先，要知道高考是选拔性考试，,30%,左右的考生不能按时答完试题是正常现象，关键是要保持这样一个心态：我难人难我不畏难，我易人易我不大意。考试说明中建议的各部分考试时间为：听力,20,分钟、单项填空与完形填空,25,分钟、阅读理解,35,分钟、短文改错与书面表达,40,分钟（有可能还要从这两大项中匀出,5-6,分钟时间用来填涂答题卡）。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,实在做不出来的选择题是否意味着只能随便选？,对策：可根据“四分均等排斥法”进行排斥，尽量选择在某一大项中用得较少的那个选项，因为，在高考选择题中，每一大项内所有答案在,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,四个选项中的分布一般是均匀的，或者是基本均匀的（可能某个被选作答案的选项多于或少于平均数一个）。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,何时填涂答题卡？,对策：听力题在所有,20,个小题听完后立即一次性填涂。其他选择题可在考试结束前,15,分钟开始集中填涂。如果平时答题速度较慢，估计没有时间回过头来再检查一遍的，可以每做完一大项集中填涂一次，并且尽量做到将每,5,个小题作为一组进行填涂。千万不要做一小题就填涂一小题。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,二、题型应试策略,I.,听力,一、高考英语听力测试的具体要求,（一）理解主旨、要义,任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。有时，主旨和要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，需考生自己未归纳、概括。例：,NMET2004,第,10,题,What did the woman do in the end?,A:She charged the man a little less.,B:She asked the man to pay her later.,C:She made a mistake in adding up the cost.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（二）获取事实性的具体信息,为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容。此类题在高考听力试题中所占比例最大。,例,1,：,When will the woman leave for Mexico?,（,NME,2004,第,16,题）,A.on Thursday B.On,FridayC,.On Saturday,此题考生只要听到“,well take off on Saturday.”,就可选得答案为,C,。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（三）对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的推断,谈话的背景及谈话者之间的关系对话语的含义有着举足轻重的作用。对谈话背景、谈话者之间关系的理解程度，在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。,例,1,：,Where does the conversation take place?,A.In a hotel.B.At a booking office.,C.At a friends house.,此题要求考生根据谈话内容来判断谈话发生的场所。从“,well try to get you the same room”,很容易得到答案为,A.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（四）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度,一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或提出、回答问题，或阐述自己的想法，或表明自己的态度或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩。推断。,例：,How does the woman feel at the beginning of the conversation?(NMET 2004,第,14,题,),A.Angry.B.Surprised C.Sad,该段对话讲述了一位女士邮购了一只包，结果收到的却不是她要的那只，后来打电话抱怨。了解这一点就很容易选到答案,A,。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,二、英语听力难点与障碍,（一）心理障碍,（二）语言障碍,1,语音障碍,2,词汇障碍,3,语法障碍,(,三）文化背景知识的障碍,以,2003,年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明（文科）,的试音材料为例，男士开始说：,Hello,International Friends Club,Can I help you,？英美人接听电话时，常先报出本人姓名或公司名称，这在中国就不够普遍。,（四）记忆障碍,学生常遇到这样的情况：听时什么都懂，但听了后面忘了前面，全部听完后，主旨、大义弄明白了，可具体细节却记不清或记不准了。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,三、高考英语听力应试技巧和解题方法,（一）学会预测,预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示，如所给答案选项，段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。,1.,从答案选项中预测,Q:What does Tom do?A.Hes a truck driver.B.Hes a ship captain.C.Hes a pilot.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,2.,从说话人口气预测：,在,A,B,两人的对话中，如果,B,是附和或赞成，往往说“,Yes”,，“,I agree”,，“,Sure”,，“,I think so”,等。但如,A,用否定句，,B,表同意时则用“,No”,，“,Neither/Nor”,等。例如：,A:Harvey doesnt seem to fit into this class.B:No,he is really a fish out of water.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,(,二,),做简要笔记,听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息（包括数字，人名，地名，关键词），前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。例：,How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.$18 B.$24 C.$30,笔记可简化为：,$6 A,（,A,代表,adult,），,C,代表,children,3A+2C,或,6 A(3)+half C(2),0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,(,三）抓住关键，对症下药,一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生要对此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到,Where does the conversation take place?/Where does,sb,.work?/Whats his job?,之类的问题时，就会派上用场。如：,restaurant:menu,bill,order,tip,hamburger,beer,souphotel:luggage,single room,double room,room number,check,in(out,)hospital:take medicine,temperature,pill,headache,fever,examine,post office:mail,deliver,stamp,envelope,parcelairport:flight,take off,land,luggage,railway station:round trip,single trip,sleeping carstore:on sale,size,wear,color,style,price,change,，,bargain,fitschool:professor,exam,course,term,dining hall,playgroundlibrary:librarian,renew,date,shelf,magazine,seat,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,(,四,),较长对话和短文的理解,抓听首句和首段有助于整体理解文章结尾部分所给出的信息不一定是题目的正确答案，可能只是一个陷阱,独白部分（即第十段材料）可分为四种类型：,*人物与故事型：叙述人物的经历和成就，要抓住故事发展线索，所问问题多属事实细节题*普通知识型：内容涉及面较广，问题以事实细节题居多,*社会科学型：涉及到文化教育，社会治安，代沟问题，就业问题，妇女问题，人口问题，环境保护，国家发展等。问题常涉及独白的主题或题目，故需作推理判断。*科普知识型：主要涉及自然科学，如生物，物理，海洋，计算机，医学，气象，科学发明等。如遇技术词汇和术语，可利用语境线索猜词义,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,(,五,),果断选题，学会放弃,相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至影响后面的答题切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的结果。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,II,单项填空,:,（,15,分，,15,小题，力争,7,8,分钟内完成）,一、命题特点：,综观近几年的高考英语试题，单项填空题的命题有如下特点：,1,进一步强化语境因素，增加了语法知识与语言环境的综合运用，体现了高考试题“注重语境，强调运用”的指导思想。,2,涉及知识面广，涵盖了交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、副词、动词（词组）、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状语从句等。其中动词一直是单项填空题考查的重点。,3,总体难度略有下降，基本剔除了以前的偏题、怪题。,4,语境设置更为真实、自然、巧妙。词汇、语法知识越考越活。,二、解题技巧：,1,注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向。,一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等，在一定程度上干扰考生的思维。请比较以下各题：,【,例,1】George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.,（,2004,北京第,26,题）,A.the real nameB.what his real name,C.his real nameD.whose real name,【,例,2】,some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.,（,2000,年北京春季第,23,题）,A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried,【,例,3】The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies,all of _ over 600 years old.,A.themB.whichC.itD.that,【,例,4】If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week,better _ ityouve got some big bills coming.A.forget B.forgot,C.forgetting D.to forget,【,例,5】Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,of course,made the others envy him,A.who B.that C.what D.which,2,认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息。,在单项填空中，一些词或词组常常含有某个特定的信息，而这些信息往往对分析问题、解决问题起着暗示作用。,【,例,1】-You havent lost the ticket,have you?,-_.I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.,（,2004,江苏第,28,题）,A.I hope not B.Yes,I have C.I hope so D.Yes,Im afraid so,3,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。,在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，教师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调，以加深学生的印象，学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。,【,例,1】Were going to _ with some friends for a picnic.Would you like to join us?,A.get in B.get over,C.get alongD.get together,【,例,2】-I cant find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?,-It was in the hotel _ he stayed.,A.whereB.whichC.the oneD.that,4,排除母语干扰，规范英语表达。,英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，考生很可能会用汉语的思维方式去认识和解决英语中的问题，掉入命题人设置的陷阱。,【,例,1】Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?,No,only the two passengers who got hurt.,A.it wasB.there was,C.there were D.there had,【,例,2】-Excuse me,_,_?,-Thats$35.76 altogether,madam.,A.how much is the meal weve had,B.but can I take your order,C.could I have the bill,please,D.would you please take the money,【,例,3】_,tears came to his eyes.,A.Reading the letter,B.He was reading the letter,C.When he was reading the letter,D.The letter was being read,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,III.,完形填空,一考点提示,设空注重在语境中考查词义。这一特点，很好地反映了从重点测试语言形式转向重点测试语言意义的改革方向，反映了“强调应用，注重交际”的命题原则。完形填空题的,4,个备选答案，一般都属于同一词类，同一语义范畴，而且往往都和设空前后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性。但是，完形填空题对词汇的考查并未设置太大的障碍，选项所涉及的词汇，,80%,左右出自初中课本，而且仅涉及基本意义和用法。在联系上下文的情况下，考生很容易能将两个选项排除，剩下两项，只要对上下文再进行细致的推敲，对所剩两词的词义进行细微的辨析，也很快能确定正确答案。,1996,年以来几乎所有的选项，都要通过联系上下文而确定，而单纯的语法选择填空已经从试题中消失。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,设空的分类。设空的答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由语篇内容综合决定。因此，设空分为：句子层次；句组层次；语篇层次。设空的答案有的由已读过的上文决定，有的由未读过的下文决定，还有的要综合上下文而定。所以设空又可分为三类：（,1,）前制性设空；（,2,）后制性设空；（,3,）语篇性设空。不言而喻，前制性设空难度低，后制性设空难度较高，语篇性设空难度最高。一般说来，三个层次的设空比例各占三分之一。但是，从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,为了让考生迅速进入主题，为理解文章奠定基础，命题者在设计完形填空题时，总是保留一个完整或基本完整的句子不设空。这个不设空的句子就是提示句，往往出现在文章的开头。通过提示句，考生可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，也可以确定文体，从而适当地把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完形”的目的。文章的其余部分也可能出现一些不设空的句子，或者即使设空、但主干信息仍然能够读懂的句子，也可以作为提示句。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,二策略指导,（一）解题步骤,第一步：通读全文，把握大意。,做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,第二步：逐句细读，确定选项。,大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文，选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时，应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放，接着往下看，往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,第三步：再次阅读，复查答案。,复查时从意义和语法两个角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。,上述三步可概括为：一步粗读寻思路，二步细读选答案，三步复读纠错误，若能沉着照此办，胸有成竹少失误。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,Its back-to-school time again.In the morning you wave goodbye,and that,36,evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy(,同情,).In the race to improve educational standards,37,are throwing the books at kids.,38,primary school students are complaining of homework,39,.Whats a well-meaning(,好心的,)parent to do?,As hard as it may be,sit back and keep cool,experts,40,.Though youve got to get them to do it,by,41,too much,or even examining,42,too carefully,you may,43,them from doing it by themselves.I wouldnt advise a parent to check every,44,exercise,says psychologist(,心理学家,)John,Rosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework.Theres a,45,of understanding for trial,（尝试）,and error,（错误）,.Let your children,46,the grade they are worthy of.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink about their,47,but dont want them to feel it has to be,48,.,Thats not to say parents should pay no attention to,49,first,they should monitor how much homework their kids,50,.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in,51,four,five,and six is standard.For junior-high students it should be no,52,than an hour and a half,and two for high-school students.If your child,53,has more homework than this,you may check with other,54,and then talk to the teacher about,55,homework.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,My First Trip to Dead Sea,If you didnt know anything about it,a place with a name like the Dead Sea might not sound very appealing.But the _36_ is that the Dead Sea is a very special place.,The main thing is the salt.Id read a little about the place,so I knew the Dead Sea is so _37_ that its hard for anything to live in it,_38_ is why its called the Dead Sea.And I knew that its seven times as salty as the _39_.In fact,in Israel they call it Yam ha-,Melah,which is Hebrew(,希伯来语,)_40_ Salt Sea.,36.A.problem B.factor C.reality D.importance,37.A.cold B.hot C.salty D.sticky,38.A.that B.which C.it D.and,39.A.river B.ocean C.lake D.well,40.A.for B.of C.with D.from,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,I was _41_ to swim there,because the salt does _42_ keep the sea fish-free,it makes you float like youre full of air.After my friends and I got tired of _43_ like soap bubbles,we put big rocks in our laps.The rocks helped us _44_ in the water.We thought we looked really funny,but then we _45_ something that wasnt so funny.Salt stings.Even my friends shaved face began to _46_,so we got out of the Dead Sea as fast as we could.And thats _47_ we found the mud.,41.A.anxious B.eager C.greedy D.active,42.A.only B.not only C.either D.more than,43.A.swimming B.flying C.flowing D.floating,44.A.sink deeply B.sink lower C.fall deeply D.drop lower,45.A.recognized B.wondered C.noticed D.expected,46.A.pain B.hurt C.suffer D.upset,47.A.when B.where C.why D.how,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,The mud by the Dead Sea is full of many minerals not just salt and these minerals _48_ your health.So people roll in the mud,like puppies playing in the grass.We covered every inch of our bodies with black,sticky mud and began to laugh very _49_.And we took pictures,so we can always remember how we looked in our _50_ of mud.,48.A.result from B.lead to C.lie in D.make for,49.A.noisily B.strongly C.hard D.heavily,50.A.suits B.shoes C.faces D.bodies,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,_51_,the area is as full of history as it is of _52_.Its politically important,with Israel on one side and Jordan on _53_.Its near tourist _54_ like,Masada,(,梅察达,)and Qumran,（库姆兰）,where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found.,I left with Dead Sea mud under my fingernails,which I washed away that night,and with Dead Sea _55_ that still remain.,51.A.Therefore B.Thus C.However D.Of course,52.A.fish B.salt C.mineral D.mud,53.A.the other B.an other C.the others D.other side,54.A.agencies B.agents C.attractions D.houses,55.A.imaginations B.memories C.bubbles D.recalls,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,IV.,阅读理解,一、阅读理解能力测试的要求,（一）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；,（二）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；,（三）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；,（四）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；,（五）既根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,二、解题方法与技巧,（一）细节理解题：,一般针对某个特定的细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解。考生通读短文后可直接找出答题依据。细节理解题有三种题型：纯细节题、计算题、细节推断题。三类题中细节推断题一般难度较大，考生要细细推敲。从最近几年的高考题看来细节理解题占了考题的一半左右。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,1,、通读短文，领悟文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：,五个,w(who,which,when,where,what),一个,h(how),以及其它特殊之处,例,1,：,What I next felt can only be considered as delight.Before I made the call,the nurse ran in:Mrs.Jones called.Her vision is fine.,Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office.,62.What has caused Mrs.Jones eye problem?,A.Wrong glasses.B.Medical checkup C.Her own imagination D.Chatting on the Internet,（,NMET2004,卷二）,A,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,数字、日期、时间等：,例,2,：,Due in part to old,inefficient batteries,Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind,the sunpowered class.“We were there for the fun of it.”Anna says.“Were proud of Helios,”says Ariel,Gleicher,14.“Its a car thats good for the environment.”,65.How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?,A.1 B.4 C.23 D.44 (NMET2004,全国卷二,)B,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等：,例,3,：,They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks.Some publishers have expressed interest in a book,something they say theyll consider.,60.How do they like the idea of writing a book?,They have decided to wait a year or two.B.They will think about it carefully.,C.They agreed immediately D.They find it hard to do that.B,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,表示附加说明的词，如：,by the way,besides,whats more,in addition to,including,as well as,等,:,例,4,：,But this is not always the case.If asked to a students party at 6:30 pm,it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight,if at all,and no one cares.Being the first to arrive-looking eageris social death.,70.For some young people,arriving on time for a students party will probably be considered_,A.very difficult B.particularly thoughtful,C.friendly and polite D.socially unacceptable D,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,倒装句及加强语气的词，如：,above all,mainly,mostly,certainly,indeed,，等。,2,、利用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的正是要选择的最佳答案。考生要注意的是有时在两个难以抉择的题项之间一定要通过文章的整体意思来作出判断。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（二）词句理解题,：此类题要求考生正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义词语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。,理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定其准确含义。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,2,、要熟悉常见的设问形式：,1)The underlined word in theparagraph refers to/means _.,2)What does“_”in paragraph stand for/mean?,3)“_”could best be replaced by which of the following?,4)The expression/phrase“_”means _.,5)The word“_”is closest in meaning to _.,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,3,、要掌握常见的猜词技巧,1,定义；,2,）解释；,3,）同位语；,4,）对照比较；,5,）因果；,6,）同近义词；,7,）反义词；,8,）构词法（派生、合成、转化）；,9,）语境或上下文；,10,）常识和经验；,11,）要具备有关的西方社会人文知识，逐步习惯西方人特有思维特点，如女士优先,(ladies first),、人人想年轻,(everyone wants to be young),、幽默感,(the sense of humor),、个性坚强,(strong character),、不干涉他人隐私,(concept of privacy),、诚实最好,(honesty is the best policy),、守时,(punctuality),等。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（三）推理判断题：,这一类题主要针对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作思路及目的等方面，要求考生纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提到的情况进行推理想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者愿意的最佳答案。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和,逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,2,、要熟悉常见的设问形式：,1)We can infer/conclude from the passage that _.,2)It can be inferred/concluded(from the passage)that _.,3)The passage/story/author/paragraph implies,but does not directly state that _.,4)The authors/writers attitude,（态度）,towards is _.,5)What do you think would happen(to)at the end of the story?,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,（四）归纳概括题,：此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者的写作目的,(purpose),等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，也包括分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。,1,、领会文章大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，真正准确地理解文章的话题和中心思想。,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概,(lead paragraph),，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；,0,6,年高考英语应试技巧,英语文章讲究使用主题