高考英语第一轮复习 第一部分课文 Module 3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4 Astronomy,：,the science of the stars,第一部分 基础模块夯实,Module 3,Section I.,课本扫描,词,汇,部,分,词形,变化,1.violent,adj.,强暴的，猛烈的,violence,n.,暴力；猛烈,violently,adv.,强暴地；猛烈地,2.,fundamental,adj.,基本,(,础,),的,n.,(,p,),.,基本原则,(,法则,),fundamentally,adv.,基本地；根本地,fundament,n.,基础；根本,3.,development,n.,发展,develop,vt,.,发展；产生,vi.,生长；发展,developed,adj.,发达的 ,developing,adj.,发展的,4.,lay,vt,.,放下；摆设；产,(,蛋,)(lay-laid-laid-laying,-,lie),vi.,躺，平放；位于,(lie-lay-lain-,lyinglie,),n.,&,vi,.,谎话；说谎,(lie-lied-lied-lying),5.prevent,vt,.,预防，防止,prevention,n.,预防；阻止,preventable,adj.,可防止的，可预防的,6.,gentle,adj.,和蔼的；轻柔的,gently,adv.,温和地；静静地,7.physics,n.,物理，物理学,physicist,n.,物理学家,physical,adj.,身体的；物理,(,学,),的,重点,单词,1.,system,n.,系统；体系；制度,2.,lay,vt,.,把,放下；摆设；铺,(,地毯,),；产,(,蛋,),3.,harmful,adj.,有害的,；伤害的,4.,exist,vi.,存在；生存,5.,puzzle,v.,(,使,),迷惑；,(,使,),为难,n.,谜；难题,6.,pull,n.&vt,.,拉（力）；拖；牵引力,7.,theory,n.,学说；理论,8.,unlike,prep.,不同；不像,重点,词组,1,.in time,及时；终于,2,.,in one s turn,轮到某人；接着,3,.,prevent.from,使,不做事；阻止,做某事,4,.,break out,突发；爆发,5,.,watch out,密切注视；当心；提防,6,.lay eggs,下蛋,7,.give birth to,产生；分娩,8,.,cheer up,感到高兴；感到振奋,9,.now that,既然,重点句子,1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapour,carbon dioxide,oxygen,nitrogen and other gases,which were to make the earth s atmosphere.,2.That made it possible for life to begin to develop.,3.But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.,重点语法,宾语从句和表语从句,(,见语法专题,P,367,),一、核心单词,1.system,sistm,n.,系统；体系；制度,systematic,adj,有系统的,;,有条理的,（,1,）,The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets.,太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。,（,2,）,Alcohol is bad for your system.,喝酒对身体有害。,小练：,根据句子的意思完成句子。,(1)The _(,教育系统,)operates very differently in the US and China.,(2)He introduced us a well-designed _(,铁路系统,).,（,1,）,educational system,（,2,）,railway system,2.lay,lei,vt,.,把放下；摆设；铺,(,地毯,),；产,(,蛋,),(1)He laid his hand on my shoulder.,他把手放在我的肩上。,(2)Who should we lay the blame on?,我们该责备谁,?,归纳：,lay eggs,下蛋,lay sth.aside,把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）,lay sth.down,把某物放下,lay the blame on sb.,责备某人,lay the table,摆桌子,lay emphasis/stress on sth.,把重点放在某事上,小练：,根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。,（,1,）,The bird _ its eggs in other birds nests.,（,2,）,He is a political leader that _(,非常强调,)individual responsibility.,（,3,）,He _ some money _ for rainy days.,（,1,）,lays,（,2,）,lays great stress on,（,3,）,lays/puts;aside,3.harmful,h:mful,adj.,有害的；伤害的,harm,n.,&,vt,.,伤害（某,人）,Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.,很多人都,意识到吸烟的危害。,归纳：,be harmful to sb./sth.,对,有害,do harm to sb.=do sb.harm=harm sb.,对,有害；伤害,小练：,根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。,（,1,）,Everyone knows that smoking is _ to your health.,（,2,）,In many cases,too much care for children from parents might even do _ to their growth.,（,3,）在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。,_,(1)harmful(2)harm,(3)Reading in the sun does a lot of harm to your eyes.=Reading in the sun does your eyes a lot of harm.=Reading in the sun is very harmful to your eyes.,4.exist,izist,vi.,存在；生存,existence,n.,存在,(1)Does life exist on Mars?,火星上有生命吗,?,(2)She can hardly exist on the wage shes getting.,她挣的工资简直难以糊口。,归纳：,exist+,prep,.,存在于地方,exist on sth.,靠某物生存,小练,：,用,exist,的短语或其适当形式填空。,（,1,）,This plant _ only _ Australia.,（,2,）,Can you _ such a low salary?,（,3,）,We doubt the _(exist)of alien.,（,1,）,exists;in,（,2,）,exist on to,（,3,）,existence,5.puzzle,pzl,v.,(,使,),迷惑；,(,使,),苦思,n.,谜；难题,puzzled,adj.,无法了解的；困惑的,puzzling,adj.,令人费解的,（,1,）,Her reply puzzled me.,她的回答把我弄糊涂了。,（,2,）,Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.,他们要做此事的原因仍然令我很困惑。,归纳：,sb.be puzzled by sth.,某人对,感到迷惑,puzzle one s brain,冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁,solve a puzzle,解决一个难题,小练：,用,puzzle,的适当形式填空或翻译。,（,1,）,To explain the _(puzzle)findings,he offers two theories.,（,2,）,I _(puzzle)that I havent heard from Liz for so long.,（,3,）,She listened with a _(puzzle)expression on her face.,（,4,）,No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _(puzzle)of how life began.,（,1,）,puzzling,（,2,）,am puzzled,（,3,）,puzzled,（,4,）,puzzle,6.pull,pul,n.&vt.,拉（力）；拖；牵引力,（,1,）,You push and Ill pull.,你来推，我来拉。,（,2,）,I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.,我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。,归纳：,pull ahead(of sb./sth.),领先（于某人,/,物）,pullback,退却；撤回,pull out(sth.),拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）,pull together,同心协力,小练：,用,pull,短语的适当形式填空。,（,1,）,He _ a gun and aimed at the criminal.,（,2,）,So long as we _,there s no mountain top we cant conquer.,（,1,）,pulled out (2)pull together,7.cheer,ti,vt.,&,vi,.(,使,),高兴、振奋；,(,对,),欢呼,cheerful,adj,.,高兴的,cheerless,adj.,不高兴的,(1)The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.,女王出现时群众高声欢呼。,(2)He was greatly cheered by the news.,他听到这个消息非常高兴。,归纳：,cheer sb.on,为某人加油,cheer(sb.)up,（使某人）更高兴或更快活,小练：,用,cheer,的短语或其适当形式填空。,（,1,）,Your visit has greatly _ him up.,（,2,）,The crowd _ the runners _ as they started the last lap.,（,3,）,You look as though you need _ up.,（,1,）,cheered,（,2,）,cheered;on (3)cheering,二、重点词组,1.to begin with=to start with,以,开始；首先,To begin/start with,I couldnt understand a single word.,起初，我一,句也没弄明白。,归纳：,begin/start with,从,开始,小练：,根据句子的意思完成句子。,（,1,）,He _ his speech _ a poem.,（,2,）,His speech _ a poem.,（,3,）,_,pets are good friends of many lonely people,especially the old.,（,1,）,began/started;with,（,2,）,began/started with,（,3,）,To start/begin with,2.in time,及时；最终；迟早,（,1,）,They caught the bus in time.,他们及时赶上了汽车。,（,2,）,If you keep on,you will succeed in time.,如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。,短语归纳,in no time,立刻；马上,at no time,永不,at one time,有个时期；曾经；一度,at a time,一次；每次,for the time being,暂时；暂且,take one s time,不着急；慢慢来,from time to time,不时地，间或,many a time,常常；多次,once upon a time,从前,小练：,用,time,短语填空。,（,1,）,They sent the mail to me just _,before I left.,（,2,）,Hurry up!The concert will begin _.,（,3,）,_ will I give up.,（,4,）,The boy laughed and cried _.,（,5,）,_ he was addicted to playing web games,but now he devotes himself to writing,which delights his parents.,（,6,）,Dont try to do everything at once;take it a bit _.,（,7,）,Youll have your own office soon,but _ you ll have to share one with me.,（,1,）,in time,（,2,）,in no time,（,3,）,At no time,（,4,）,at the same time,（,5,）,At one time,（,6,）,at a time,（,7,）,for the time being,3.in ones turn,轮到某人；接着,I will see you,each in your turn.,我将一个接着一个看你们。,短语归纳,by turns,轮流；一阵,一阵,take turns(to do sth.),轮流（做某事）,Its ones turn to do sth.,轮到某人做某事了,小练：,中译英。,(1),我们轮流开车。,_,(2),今天轮到谁发言了？,_,(1)We drove the car by turns/in turn.=We took turns to drive the car.,(2)Whose turn is it to give a speech today?,4.prevent.from=stop.from=keep.from,使,不做事；阻,止,做某事,His back injury may prevent him from playing in,tomorrow s game.,他背部的伤可能使他参加,不了明天的比赛。,用法辨析：,prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.,中的,from,可省,keep sb.,from doing sth.,中,from,不可省略，因为,keep sb.doing sth.,是“使某,人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的,from,都不可,省；当后接,sb s doing sth.,作宾语时，只能用,prevent,或,stop,，不,能用,keep,。,小练：,根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。,(1)Doctors took action to _(,防止这种疾病的蔓延,).,(2)Of course I can t _ your going abroad.,(3),警察阻止他们携带武器。,_,(1)prevent/stop/keep the disease from spreading,(2)prevent/stop,(3)The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons.=They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons by the police.,5.break out,(,灾难、战争等,),突发；爆发,Fire broke out during the night.,夜间突然发生了火灾。,短语归纳,：,break away from,脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）,break down,毁掉；,(,计划,/,谈判,),失败,break up,拆散；,(,会议,),结束,break off(,使,),停止；中断；折断,break into sth.,强行进入某处,break one s word/promise,食言；说话不算数,小练：,用,break,短语填空。,(1)A terrible tsunami _ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas,2004.,(2)When do you _ for Christmas?,(3)Negotiations between the two sides have _.,(4)His house was _ last week.,(1)broke out (2)break up (3)broken down (4)broken into,三、课文回顾,According to a,1,_(wide)accepted theory,the universe began with a“Big Bang”that threw matter,2,_all directions.For several billion years after that the earth was still just a cloud of dust which settled into a solid globe.The earth became,3,_,_ violent as to explode loudly.In time the water vapor,4,_(produce),making the earths atmosphere cool down.Water disappeared from other planets,but stayed on earth,which was,5,_(fundament)to the development of life.Many millions of years later,small plants began to appear on the surface of the water,filling the oceans and seas,1.widely2.in 3.so 4.was produced5.fundamental,with oxygen.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next,green plants began to grow on land.They were followed by land animals which contained insects and amphibians(,两栖动物,).Later reptiles which produced young generally by laying eggs,6,_(,turn)up for the first time.The,7,_(appear)of dinosaurs made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.They were different from all life forms in the past,8,_ they gave birth to young baby animals.Finally clever animals have,in their turn,become the most important animals on the planet.They spread all over the earth,putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,9,_ prevents,heat from,10,_(escape)from the earth into space.,6.turned 7.disappearance 8.because,9.which 10.escaping,四、句子精析与仿写：,1.,What it was to become,was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.,随后它变成怎样，没有人能知道，直到,38,48,亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。,句子分析：,what it was to become,是,what,引导的主语从句，,what,在从句中作,become,的宾语。,仿写：,(1),使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。,_,(2),是什么事使他不能参加我们的会议仍然是个谜。,(preventfrom),_,(1)What surprised everybody is that he didnt come to the meeting.,(2)What prevented him from attending our meeting still remains a mystery.,2.The earth became so violent that,it,was not clear,whether,the shape would last,or not,.,地球变得激烈动荡，能否保持这个形状不是很清楚。,句子分析：,whether.(or not),引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。此处，由,whether,引导的是一个主语从句，,it,为形式主语。,仿写：,(1),他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。,_,(2),刘翔是否能在明年复出取决于他的脚伤是否完全康复。（,depend on,）,_,(1)It is uncertain whether hell succeed in passing the driving test or not.,(2)Liu Xiang taking part in the competition again next year depends on whether his ankle injury can be cured.,3.This produced a chain reaction,which made,it,possible for life,to,develop,.,这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。,句子分析：,it,作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语,for life to develop,。,it,作形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。,which,引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个概念，也可代指单个先行词。此处是指代先行词,a chain reaction,。,仿写：,(1),鲍勃总认为工作之余帮助别人是他的职责,这让他的妻子很生气。,_,(2),他把每天早晨,6,点起床作为一项准则，这是一个好习惯。,_,(1)Bob always thinks it is his duty to help others after work,which makes his wife upset.,(2)He made it a rule to get up at six every morning,，,which is a good habit.,4.We watched,amazed,as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.,我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。,句子分析：,amazed,是形容词化的过去分词，在此处作伴随状语用。一般情况下，是副词作状语，但形容词有时也可以作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果、让步、说话人的态度、时间或条件等。,仿写：,(1),他躺在床上，醒着，正在听音乐。,_,(2),那个人跑进房间，很害怕。,_,(1)He lay in bed,awake,listening to music.,(2)The man run into the house,scared.,5.walking,does,need a bit of practice,now,that,gravity has changed,既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。,句子分析：,句中,does need,是一种强调句式。动名词作主语，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。在一般句型中，,do(does,did),常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。,now that,在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于,since,，意为“既然，由于”，,that,可省略。,now that,一般可以放在句首和句中。,since,一般放在句首。,仿写：,(1),既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。,_,(2),你已长大了，可以自己作决定了。,_,(1)Now that you have finished your work,youd better have a rest.,(2)Now that you have grown up,you can make up your mind by yourself.,Section II.,读写强化,一、根据课文回答下列问题：,1.What physical condition does as an astronaut need?,1.An astronaut must be extremely fit,and internally healthy.,2.The earth is different from other planets because of water.How do we protect our water resources?,2.We can do these things:First,we must prevent the factory from pouring waste water into the river.Second,we should stop people from throwing litter into the river,for many kinds of litter may pollute the environment.Finally,we can tell the visitors how important the water is.After doing these things,I think water will become clearer sooner or later.,3.Whats the correct attitude towards science?,3.We should be objective,not superstitious.,4.Whats the correct way to prove a scientific idea?,4.We should design experiments to test it for several times.Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.,5.What are the most important skills we need for being real scientists?,5.A real scientist should be careful,objective and logical,draw conclusions from the experiments and not impose conclusions on the data.,二、美文欣赏与模仿：,Earthis our only home in the universe.If we dont protect,it from now on,we will have nowhere to gowhen the environment has been ruined.Look,at what we have done to our motherland.,We use as much resource as we can find,and then turn them into rubbish.This rubbishis taken up more,and more space in our planet.,All,of,usmust do something to protect our earth.Take,a businstead,of private car;use goodsthat,are made,of recycle material.Many ways we can takein daily life to do good for our better future.,Section.,单元配套,一、重点词词形变换,1.From his _ expression on his face,we can see he met a _ problem.(puzzle),2.Whenever I see her,she will smile at me _.(gentle),3.The _ man ran into the school and hurt the students _.(violence),4.People think shes a freak just because shes _and interested in questions of _or morality.(religion),1.puzzled,puzzling 2.gently 3.violent,violently,4.religious religion,5.He _ down his bag as soon as he came home.(lay),6.She got interested in _and decided to be a _.(biology),7.According to some philosopher,everything in _is reasonable.(exist),8.He is safe because this snake is _.(harm),9.This book is _,I need a practical one.(theory),5.laid 6.biology,biologist 7.existence,8.harmless 9.theoretical,二、活用表格中的短语,1.His parents tried many ways to _ him _ going outside at night.,2.The Civil War _ in the year when he was born.,3._ you have made up your mind,please never give up.,4._,_ 3 babies,she became very fat.,5.That wall _ all the light.,6.Try again and _ a bit;life isnt that bad!,1.prevents,；,from 2.broke out 3.Now that,4.Having given birth to5.blocks out 6.cheer up,三、完形填空,词数：,221,建议用时：,20,分钟,难度：,秘,诀,探,寻,：,副,词,(4),技,巧点拨,上下文词与词之间、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,(,衔接副词,),常占有一定比例。,真,题,导,悟,1.They planned to go to Beijing for sightseeing,，,but because of their daughters unexpected illness they had to stay at home_.,A.instead B.really C.however D.though,1.A.instead“,代替”置于句尾，肯定该句事实；,however,和,though“,然而”，表示转折，,however,置于句首，,though,放在句尾，有逗号隔开。,2.This gentleman is very interested in singing.He often goes to the Karaoke hall with his friends and sometimes comes home very late_ very early in the morning.,A.rather than B.rather late C.or rather D.would rather,2.C or rather“,更确切地说”，根据前提示“,comes home very late”,和后提示“,very early in the morning”,得知空格表示递进关系，应填写答案,C,。,3.When Saturday night came,I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen._,I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays(,托盘,).,3.,此处应为,however,，意为“然而，但是”，表示转折关系，如用,but,则有逗号与前面隔开。,4.When Friday finally arrived,I had to admit Cassies Egg Force One looked pretty good._,my Egg-cellent Egg Cream didnt look quite scientific.,A.ThereforeB.Anyway C.OtherwiseD.Besides,4.B Anyway“,不管怎样”，表示不管怎么说，“我”设计的看起来不那么科学。,therefore“,因此”；,otherwise“,否则”；,besides“,除此之外，而且”。,图穷,匕现,本文中的,第,1,题。,思,路,盘,剥,段落,Key words,Topic sentences,Title,The,M,oon,Para,1,