高考英语一轮复习 专题4 形容词和副词课件 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题四 形容词和副词,一、形容词分类及基本用法,形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。,基本用法如下表：,分类,功能,例词,定语形容词,作定语、表语和补语等。,hot,cold,etc.,表语形容词,作表语，有的,可作后置定语,well,ill,glad,sorry,fond,worth,able,afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,alike,afraid,etc.,二、复合形容词,构成,例词,形容词,+,名词,+ed,kind-hearted,white-haired,形容词,+,形容词,red-hot,dark-blue,形容词,+,现在分词,good-looking,easy-going,副词,+,现在分词,hard-working,fast-moving,副词,+,过去分词,hard-won,newly-built,名词,+,形容词,life-long,world-famous,名词,+,现在分词,peace-loving,fun-loving,名词,+,过去分词,snow-covered,hand-made,数词,+,名词,ten-year,two-man,数词,+,名词,+ed,four-storied,three-legged,数词,+,名词,+,形容词,three-year-old,三、副词分类及基本用法,副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词汇。,副词分类及用法如下表：,分类,例词,用法,例句,时间副词,today,yesterday,soon,recently,suddenly,still,already,just,etc.,可位于句首、,句中或句尾。,He went home yesterday.,Yesterday he went home.,He went to Paris recently.,He recently went to Paris.,Recently he went to Paris.,地点副词,here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,halfway,upstairs,downstairs,etc.,常用于句末,或句首，从,不位于主语,和谓语之间。,Can you help to carry this table upstairs?,The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.,方式副词,carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,etc.,通常位于动词,(,及其宾语,),之后；在“动词,+,介词,+,宾语”结构中，方式副词既可位于“介词,+,宾语”之前，也可位于,He read the letter slowly.,He looked at me curiously.,He looked curiously at me.,He looked curiously at everyone who got off,“,介词,+,宾语”之后；单个的方式副词有时也可位于主语与动词之间。,the plane.,He quickly got,dressed.,频度副词,always,continually,frequently,often,once,twice,repeatedly,sometimes,usually,ever,hardly,ever,never,rarely,scarcely,，,ever,seldom,etc.,位于实义动词之前，,be,动词、助动词、情态动词之后；如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。,He often comes to see us.,He is seldom late for school.,We have never been invited to one of their parties.,She was always late.,I know I should take exercise,but I never do.,程度副词,fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really,etc.,主要修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级,(,如,much,rather,等,),和最高级,(,如,quite,much,almost,等,),；有的可修饰动词，有的则不能。,Houses are much more expensive these days.,This is quite/much the most expensive radio here.,I quite agree with you.,He drives very carefully.,连接,副词,therefore,besides,however,moreover,still,thus,meanwhile,etc.,用于连接句子，,性质类似于并,列连词，使用,时其前通常用,分号或句号；,若其前用逗号,，则通常带有,并列连词,(,如,and),。,I dont like it;besides,its too expensive.,We all tried our best;however,we lost the game.,We all tried our best.However,we lost the game.,when,why,where,how,etc.,用于引导从句,或不定式。,Tell me when we shall leave.,Tell me when to leave.,I donknow how I can find him.,I dont know how to find him.,关,系,副,词,when,where,why,用于引出,定语从句。,Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.,Thats the reason why he dislikes me.,Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?,疑问副词,when,where,why,how,用于引出特殊疑问句。,Where do you come from?,When will it be ready?,Why was she crying?,句子,副词,actually,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,surely,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckily,obviously,perhaps,possibly,unexpectedly,etc.,用于修饰句子,(,而不是修饰某个单词,),，反映说话人的观点和看法。,Obviously he cant tell the difference between them.,I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed.,【,考点一,】,考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序,熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：,限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍和材料,作用类别往后靠。,说明：（,1,）“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有,all,、,half,、,both,、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。,（,2,）“描绘”性形容词,如,beautiful,bad,cold,great,etc.,（,3,）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词；,（,4,）表示“形状”的词，如,round,square,etc.,（,5,）“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词；“出”指出处。“材料”的词，如,wooden,woolen,stone,silk,etc.,（,6,）“作用类别”的词，如,medical,college,writing(desk),police(car),etc.,【,考点二,】,考查形容词作定语的后置规律,形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：,（,1,）形容词短语作定语时要后置。,Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.,（,2,）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有：,afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive,etc.,。,All the people present at the party were his supporters.,（,3,）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词,one,、,no,、,any,、,some,和,every,构成的复合词，如,anything,、,something,等时，通常后置。,I have something important to tell you.,【,考点三,】,形容词作伴随状语和原因状语,形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。,He spent 7 days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.,Afraid of being caught,the thief hid himself under a bed.,【,考点四,】,考查,-ed,形容词和,-ing,形容词的区别,-ed,形容词，通常说明人，意为“,(,某人,),感到,”,；,-ing,形容词通常说明事物，意为“,(,某事物,),令人,”,或“令人,的,(,事物,)”,。这样成对的形容词有：,interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing,等。,Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried.,It is believed that if a book is interesting,it will surely interest the reader.,注意：即使,-ed,形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使,-ing,形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。,He told me the news in an excited voice.,The man is interesting.,【,考点五,】,考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级,形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型,名称,结构,例句,相等,as+,原级,+as,Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.,as+,原级,+a/an+,单数名词,+as,He is as honest a man as you.,as many+,名词复数,+as,；,as much+,不可数名词,+as,I have as many books as you.,倍数,+as+,原级,+a,This room is three times as large as that one.,不及,not as/so+,原级,+as,This building looks not so(as)high as that one.,less+,原级,+than,This room is less beautiful than that one.,超,过,比较级,+than,Health is more important than wealth.,the+,比较级,+of the two,，表示“两者中较,的一个”,He is the taller of the two.,否定词,+,比较级,no+,比较级,+than,，表示“两者都不”,This book is no more interesting than that one.,再,不过（可译为“非常，十分”）,His work couldnt be worse.,程度递增,-er+and+-er,，,more and more+,多音节词原级，表示“越来越,”,The weather is getting colder and colder.,The girl becomes more and more beautiful.,两种情况,同时变化,the+,比较级，,the+,比较级，表示“越,，越,”,The harder he works,the happier he feels.,三者或三,者以上,比较,the+,最高级,+of/in+,比较范围，表示“,之中最,”,Of all things in the world,people are the most precious.,【,考点六,】,考查形容词与副词区别,（,1,）“名词,+ly”,构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有,friendly,lovely,weekly,monthly,daily,等。,（,2,）,too much,和,much too,的区别,too much,可以充当形容词，含义是“太多的”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。,I have too much homework to do.,Watching TV too much is bad for your health.,You gave me too much.,much too,充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。,Its much too expensive.,【,考点七,】,考查比较等级的修饰语,用于比,较级前,a lot,much,even,still,far,a great deal,rather,two years,5%,twice,any,（常用于否定句或疑问句中）,etc.,My deskmate is even fatter than me.,many,a few(,用于“,more+,可数名词复数”前,),It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.,用于最,高级前,the very,much,by far,the first/second,etc.,This cake is by far the largest in the world.,【,难点一,】,考查,likely,possible,与,probable,的辨析,用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确,I am _ to be late for the film.,It is,_,for us to finish the work within three hours.,It is,_,that the headmaster will come to listen to our class.,解析：,likely,常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，常用结构有：,sb./sth.+be+likely+to do sth.,；,It is likely+that-clause,；,possible,表示客观上的可能性，常构成的结构有：,It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.,；,It is possible+that-clause,；,probable,表示“可能发生或实现的”，比,possible,的可能性大。常构成的句型有：,sth.is probable;It is probable+that-clause,。综上分析可知，题填,likely,；题填,possible,；题填,possible,或,probable,。另外，,likely,还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。,She is the most likely girl to win the prize.,她是最有希望得奖的女孩。,【,难点二,】,考查形容词,alive,lively,living,和,live,的辨析,用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确,He is telling a very _ story.,We found the snake,_,.,The,_,are more important to us than the dead.,The fish is still,_,.,They are watching a,_,television show now.,解析：,lively,有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思；,alive,、,live,、,living,都有“活的、有生命的”意思，但,live,通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；,alive,、,living,不仅可作定语（,alive,只能置于名词后；,living,置于名词前后均可），也可以作表语；只有,alive,可作宾语补足语；只有,living,前加,the,方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题填,lively,，题填,alive,，题填,living,，题,alive,和,living,均可，题填,live,。,【,难点三,】,考查,senior,junior,superior,inferior,等词与,to,连用表示比较的概念,用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确,Their watch is superior _ all the other watches on the market.,He runs a lot faster _ I.,解析：某些以,-ior,结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词,to,。这些词有,inferior,（劣等的，次的）、,superior,（较好的，优于,）、,junior,（资历较浅的）、,senior,（资格较老的）、,prior,（在,之前）等。因此，题填,to,；题是比较级，填,than,。,1.I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010,全国,),A.so B.very C.too D.rather,解析：选,A,。考查形容词的平级比较。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。题干中的关键词是,as,，结合句意可知，这里是形容词,please,的平级比较。,2.Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.(2010,全国,),popular B.more popular,C.most popular D.the most popular,解析：选,B,。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：,Black,先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产的服装从没像现在这样受欢迎。否定比较级相当于肯定，类似的还有,too,enough,。,3.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was _ journey.(2010,上海,),A.three hour B.a three-hours C.a three-hour D.three hours,解析：选,C,。考查复合形容词。“三小时的路程”有两种表达方式：,a three-hour journey,和,three hours journey,。,4._,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010,安徽,),A.Shy and cautious,B.Sensitive and thoughtful,C.Honest and confident,D.Lighthearted and optimistic,解析：选,D,。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。,shy and cautious,害羞而小心的；,sensitive and thoughtful,敏感而多虑的；,honest and confident,诚实而自信的；,lighthearted and optimistic,豁达而乐观的。,5.Drunk driving,which was once a _ occurrence,is now under control.(2010,福建,),A.general B.frequent C.normal D.particular,解析：选,B,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故的醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。,frequent,频繁的；,general,一般的；,normal,正常的；,particular,特别的，特定的。,6.In this lecture,I can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010,湖北,),A.private B.personal C.unique D.different,解析：选,B,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这次演讲里，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你（们）纯粹的个人观点，并就未来提一些建议。,private,私人的，私有的；,personal,个人的；,unique,唯一的，独特的；,different,不同的。,7.Mistakes dont just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake becomes _.(2010,湖北,),A.favourable B.precious C.essential D.worthwhile,解析：选,D,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：犯错并没有发生；犯错是有原因的。弄清楚犯错的原因，那么犯错就是值得的。,favourable,赞成的，有利的；,precious,宝贵的，贵重的；,essential,本质的，实质的；,worthwhile,值得做的。,8.If I find someone who looks like the suspect,my _ reaction will be to tell the police.(2010,湖北,),A.physical B.immediate C.sensitive D.sudden,解析：选,B,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：如果我发现某人看起来像嫌疑犯，我马上采取的行动就是告诉警察。,physical,身体的，物理的；,immediate,立即的；,sensitive,敏感的，灵敏的；,sudden,突然的，意外的。,9.Computers and mobile phones,though they are indeed making our life _ and more _,have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(2010,江西,),A.easily;efficient B.easier;efficient,C.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently,解析：选,B,。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更有效率了，但是也降低了面对面交流的需求。,make+life+,形容词，而且后面为比较级，符合语境。,10.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010,山东,),A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex,解析：选,C,。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用,flexible,。,heavy,沉重的；,smooth,光滑的，滑顺的；,complex,复杂的，难懂的。,11.Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(2010,陕西,),A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure,解析：选,A,。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。,12.The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010,四川,),A.small B.few C.large D.many,解析：选,C,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。,the number of,意为“,的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。,10.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010,山东,),A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex,解析：选,C,。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用,flexible,。,heavy,沉重的；,smooth,光滑的，滑顺的；,complex,复杂的，难懂的。,11.Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(2010,陕西,),A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure,解析：选,A,。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。,12.The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010,四川,),A.small B.few C.large D.many,解析：选,C,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。,the number of,意为“,的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。,13.People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010,天津,),A.curious B.excited C.anxious D.careful,解析：选,A,。考查形容词的意义和用法。句意为：人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词,about,后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，,be curious about,对,感到好奇。,14.I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _ and more reliable than television.(2010,浙江,),A.accurate B.ridiculous C.urgentD.shallow,解析：选,A,。考查形容词辨析。句意为：我确信印刷的媒体材料比电视更精确、更加可靠。,accurate,精确的；,ridiculous,可笑的，滑稽的；,urgent,紧急的；,shallow,浅的，肤浅的。,15.The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010,全国,),A.partly B.merely C.nearly D.equally,解析：选,D,。考查副词辨析。句意为：这个岛屿春秋两季气候宜人，因此，这两个季节同样迷人。,partly,部分地；,merely,只不过，仅仅；,nearly,几乎；,equally,同样地，相等地。,16.Volunteering is becoming _ popular in China.,Yeah,people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(2010,福建,),A.naturally B.successfully C.splendidly D.increasingly,解析：选,D,。考查副词的用法。句意为：,在中国，志愿者活动正越来越受到大家的欢迎。,是的，现在人们意识到了助人即助己。,increasingly,越来越多地。,naturally,自然地，天生地；,successfully,成功地；,splendidly,极佳地，非常好地；华丽地，辉煌地。,17.We only had,100 and that was_ to buy a new computer.(2010,辽宁,),A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere,C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough,解析：选,A,。考查副词的用法。句意为：我们只有,100,美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑。,nowhere near,是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，,enough,作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。,18.I wasnt blaming anyone;I _ said errors like this could be avoided.(2010,湖北,),A.merely B.mostly C.rarely D.nearly,解析：选,A,。考查副词辨析。句意为：我不责备任何人；我仅仅想说像这样的错误是可以避免的。,merely,仅仅；,mostly,主要地；,rarely,很少地；,nearly,几乎。,19.Do you think shopping online will _ take the place of shopping in stores?(2010,浙江,),A.especially B.frequently C.merely D.finally,解析：选,D,。考查副词辨析。句意为：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？,especially,特别地，尤其；,frequently,经常地，时常地；,merely,仅仅只是；,finally,最终，最后。,20.Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isnt it rather risky,_?(2010,浙江,),A.though B.also C.either D.too,解析：选,A,。考查副词辨析。句意为：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险吗？,though,意为“尽管，然而”，置于句尾，表示转,折的含意，通常用逗号和前面内容隔开；,also,意为“也”，用于肯定句中；,either,意为“也（不）”；,too,意为“也”，用于肯定句中。,