高一英语 定语从句研究课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,定语从句,关系词的意义及作用,:,定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“,先行词”,。引导定语从句的词叫“,关系词,”。关系词有两个作用：,一、引导定语从句。,二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中,充当一定的句子成分,。,理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。,关系词的选用与判断,:,关系词主语宾语表语定语状语,that,人,/,物人,/,物,which,物物,who,人,whom,人,whose,人,/,物,when,where,why,as,主要用于非限制性的定语从句和,suchas,the sameas,as,as,结构中。,二、关系词的选用,1.,先行词为,all,everything,nothing,等不定代词，代替物时，定语从句,that,用引导。,注：,something,后一般用,which,。,Is there anything,that you want to explain,?,In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature,which gave out radiation.,2.,先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或,only,very,none,no,little,few,much,等修饰时定语从句用,that,引导。,This is the only reason,that I can say.,This is the first step,that can be taken,.,It is the best one,that you may choose,.,3.,way,后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：,a.,在比较正式的文体中用,in which,；,b.,一般情况下用,that,；,c.In which,和,that,省去,。,I was struck by the beauty of the way,in which she stood.,It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way,in which these words were said.,b.,Lincoin,asked the people to think of slavery in the way,that these men did,.,Mary,there is one way,that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.,c.Thats,the way,I looked at it.,The assistant who served her did not like the way,she was,dressed.,4.,先行词是表示地点的名词时（,country,school,room,），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用,where,引导定语从句。也可以用,介词,which,的结构。值得注意的是,which,前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。,The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.,The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.,This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.,关系词的选用与判断（续）,5.,先行词是表示时间的名词（,year,month,day,night,），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用,when,引导定语从句。也可以用,介词,which,的结构。值得注意的是,which,前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。,在掌握第,4,、第,5,条时应特别注意：介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子,。,那就是他工作的大学。,at which he works.,which he works at.,That is the college where he works.,that he works at.,he works at.,它出生的那一天是,1952,年,8,月,20,日。,on which he was born,which he was born on,The day when he was born was,Aug.20,1952.,that he was born on,he was born on,除了第,4,、第,5,条中,when,，,where,可以用介词关系词这种用法外。还有其他情况也可以用这种结构。即：介词,which,。或介词,whom,。请看下面例句：,This is the classmate with whom Ill go to the cinema.,The subject in which Im most interested is English.,We can see the method by which the computer works.,在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。,三、关于,as,引导定语从句的问题,as,引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和,the sameas,，,suchas,，,as,as,的结构中。,1.as,与,which,都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。,He married the girl,，,as(which)was natural.,He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.,不同的是：,as,引导的定语从句可以前置，而,which,不行。,As was natural,he married the girl.,2.,在,the sameas,suchas,as,as,结构中，,same,such,as,之后应是名词或形容词名词。,We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.,Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words,as a dog does.,We hope to get such a tool as he is using.,We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.,这三种结构也可以用,which,改写。但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用,which,代替,as,。以上三句分别可以改写成：,Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the words,which a dog understands.,We hope to get the tool which he is using.,3.the sameas,与,the samethat,引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。是比较：,This is the same watch as I lost.,这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）,This is the same watch that I lost.,这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）,注意事项,1.,一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，,先行词前应有定冠词,the,。,2.,在限制性定语从句中,which,whom,that,充当宾语时，可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中,whom,who,which,不能省略。,3.,在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用,逗号,隔开。,4.,定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词,that,是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看,that,前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：,idea,fact,thought,news,等。后面的从句是说明其内容的，（这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分），这个从句则是同位语从句。,He expressed the hope that he has had for many years.,hope,在从句中不充当句子成分，又加上后面从句是说明,hope,的内容的，因此时同位语从句。,5.the reason why(=for which),是由,why,或,for which,引导的定语从句。而,the reason,that,也是,that,引导的定语从句。,that,往往省略。,This is the reason why he was late.,=This is the reason(,that)he,was late.,6.,当主句中有,who,which,时，而定语从句中也要用到,who,或,which,时，为了避免,who,who,which,which,等重叠，定语从句用,that,引导。,Who is the man,that,is standing by the door?,Which of the two cows,that,you keep produces more milk?,7.,先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用,that,引导。,John and his dog,that,were here a moment ago disappear now.,8.,不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用,that,引导定语从句，而,that,通常省掉。,He is no longer the man,that,he was.,9.“one of,可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用,复数,；而“,one of,可数名词复数”前有,the,，,only,或,the only,修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用,单数,。,He is one of the students who study very hard at school.,He is,the(only,/the only)one of the students who studies very hard at school.,