(全国重庆专用)4语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法专项提升,冠词可分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。,(1),用于,coffee,，,food,，,tea,，,fruit,，,fog,，,rain,，,snow,，,wind,等物质名词前，表示,“,一种，一杯，一场,”,之意。,A heavy rain fell yesterday.,昨天下了一场大雨。,I would like a coffee and two beers.,我想喝一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。,(2),用于某些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事。,We regard him as a danger to society.,我们认为他是社会的一个危害分子。,Of her plays,，,three were successes and one was a failure.,她的戏剧中，三个是成功的，一个是失败的。,(3),用于专有名词之前表示类似的一个或某一个。,Hi,，,John.A,Mr,Smith is waiting for you outside.(,a certain),嗨！约翰。一个叫史密斯的先生在外面等你。,He wanted to be a Bill Gates.,他想成为像比尔,盖茨那样的人。,(4),用于固定词组、短语中：,have a cold,；,have a good/happy time,；,have a gift for,；,have a word with,；,keep a diary,；,in a hurry,；,once in a while,；,at a loss,；,for a while,；,once upon a time,；,all of a sudden,；,tell a lie,；,do,sb.a,favor,；,get an education,；,at a distance,；,have a population of,；,a waste of,；,a collection of,；,a matter of,等。,He was at a loss at the news.,听到这个消息，他不知所措。,Tom,，,I want to have a talk with you.,汤姆，我想和你谈谈。,After all,，,what you have just mentioned is not a matter of life and death.,毕竟，你刚才提到的不是一个生死攸关的问题。,(5),在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时。,We had a very cold winter last year.,去年我们度过了一个寒冷的冬天。,(6),不定冠词,a,或,an,用于形容词最高级前无比较含义，表示程度，意为,“,很，非常,”,。,As far as I know,，,he is a most wise man.,据我所知，他是一位非常英明的人。,(7),不定冠词,a,或,an,用于序数词前，表示,“,再，又,”,。,Would you like a second cup of tea,？你还想喝杯茶吗？,Can you give me a second chance,，,please,？,(,another chance),再给我一次机会好吗？,(8),有些不可数名词如,knowledge,，,collection,，,understanding,等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加,of.,时，前面需用不定冠词,a/an,。,Her new book is a collection of short stories.,她的新书是一部短篇小说集。,Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.,许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。,(1),用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。,The earth moves around the sun.,地球围绕太阳转。,Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.,1876,年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。,但是有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。,space,太空,nature,自然,man,人类,(2),用在序数词和形容词最高级前以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。,Yang,Liwei,is the first man who has been into space in China.,杨利伟是中国第一位航天人。,I have been to the Great Wall twice.,我去过长城两次。,(3),用在某些形容词前表示一类人,/,物或用在姓氏复数前表一家人。,The Greens live a happy life.,格林一家过着幸福的生活。,(4),用在表示计量的名词前：,by the,计量的名词单数。,I got paid by the hour.,我按小时付酬。,(5),与表示乐器的名词连用。,I like playing the violin.,我喜欢拉小提琴。,(6),用在,the,比较级的句型中。,The more you listen to English,，,the easier it becomes.,你听英语越多，越觉得英语容易。,(7),用在形容词,very/only/right/following/same,之前和,just,之后。,Don,t make the same mistake again.,不要再犯同样的错误。,(8),用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。,It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.,在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学深造不罕见。,(1),表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词,January 1 is New Year,s Day.1,月,1,日是元旦。,I like physics though it,s a bit difficult.,尽管物理有点难，但是我喜欢。,He is playing chess with his friend on a stone.,他正在一块岩石上与朋友下棋。,误区警示,表示语言的名词之后有,language,时则要加定冠词。,the English language,He speaks English as well as you.,他讲英语与你同样流利。,The English language is popular now.,英语现在很流行。,如果表示季节的名词指具体某年的某个季节，需加定冠词。,in the spring of the year 2008,在,2008,年的春天,(2),连系动词,turn,后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词，但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则必须加冠词。,The young worker has turned writer.,这位年青的工人成为一名作家。,She has turned a successful singer.,她已成为一名成功的歌手。,(3)as/though,引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。,Child as/though she is,，,she plays the violin perfectly.,尽管是个孩子，但她小提琴拉得很好。,(4)no,与,such,连用时应放在,such,之前，,such,后的名词不用冠词。,No such thing has ever happened in this village.,村子里从未发生过这种事。,(5),一人兼多种身份的情况，只在第一个名词前使用冠词，其他名词前不再使用冠词。,a clerk and writer(,职员兼作家,),1,(2009,年北京卷,)The biggest whale,is_blue,whale,，,which grows to be about 29 meters long,the height of_9,story building.,A,the,；,the,B,a,；,a,C,a,；,the D,the,；,a,【,解析,】,句意为：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，它大约可长到,29,米，相当于,9,层楼的高度。,the blue whale,蓝鲸，,the,单数名词为特指一类事物；,a 9,story building,为泛指，故选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,2,(2009,年宁夏,海南，全国卷,)Let,s go to_cinema,that,ll take your mind off the problem for_while.,A,the,；,the B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,a,；,a,【,解析,】,句意为：让我们去看场电影吧,那将会让你暂时放下头脑中的问题。,go to the cinema,为固定搭配，意为,“,去看场电影,”,；第二空,for a while,为固定搭配。,【,答案,】,B,3,(2009,年全国卷,)What I need is_book that contains_ABC of oil painting.,A,a,；,/B,the,；,/,C,the,；,an D,a,；,the,【,解析,】,句意为：我需要的是一本含有油画入门内容的书。,the ABC of.,意为,“,的入门,”,。,【,答案,】,D,4,(2009,年浙江卷,)I don,t understand what the engineer means,，,but I,ve got_rough idea of_project plan.,A,the,；,a B,/,；,the,C,the,；,/D,a,；,the,【,解析,】,句意为：我不明白那个工程师的意思，但我已大致了解这个项目计划。,have a rough idea,是固定短语,“,大致了解,”,，而,plan,在本句中表特指，故用,the,。,【,答案,】,D,5,(2009,年辽宁卷,)This area experienced_ heaviest rainfall in_month of May.,A,/,；,a B,a,；,the,C,the,；,the D,the,；,a,【,解析,】,句意为：这个地区在五月经历了最大的降雨量。形容词最高级前需用定冠词；,“,在五月,”,表达为,in May,或,in the month of May,。,【,答案,】,C,6,(2009,年安徽卷,)We can never expect_ bluer sky unless we create_less polluted world.,A,a,；,a B,a,；,the,C,the,；,a D,the,；,the,【,解析,】,句意为：如果我们不能创建一个污染越来越少的世界，就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。世界上独一无二的名词和一些抽象名词之前如果有形容词修饰，可加不定冠词。如：,a red sun,一轮红日；,a great success,一次巨大的成功。,【,答案,】,A,7,(2009,年重庆卷,)Washing machines made by China have won_worldwide attention and Haier has become_popular name.,A,a,；,the B,/,；,a,C,/,；,the D,the,；,a,【,解析,】,句意为：中国制造的洗衣机赢得了世界的关注，海尔已成为大众喜爱的一个品牌名称。,attention,是不可数名词，此处表泛指，用零冠词；,name,是可数名词，此处也表泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，故,B,项正确。,【,答案,】,B,8,(2009,年四川卷,)In order to find_better job,，,he decided to study_second foreign language.,A,the,；,a B,a,；,a,C,the,；,the D,a,；,the,【,解析,】,句意为：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习一门外语。第一个,a,表示泛指；,a second(.),又一。,【,答案,】,B,9,(2009,年江西卷,)Some people fear that_air pollution may bring about changes in_weather around the world.,A,/,；,the B,the,；,/,C,an,；,the D,the,；,a,【,解析,】,句意为：一些人害怕空气污染可能会引起,/,造成世界气候的变化。第一空后的,air pollution,为抽象名词，表泛指概念，故不用冠词；第二空后的不可数名词,weather,后有修饰短语,around the world,，表特指，用定冠词，故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,10,(2009,年陕西卷,)What_pity that you couldn,t be there to receive_prize!,A,a,；,a B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,the,；,the,【,解析,】,句意为：你没能去领奖，真是遗憾！第一空中,a pity,为固定结构：,used to show that you are disappointed about sth.,“,遗憾，可惜,”,，根据题意可知第二空后的,prize(,奖品,),是双方都知道的事物，表特指，故用定冠词。,【,答案,】,C,1,(2010,届河北衡水中学调研考试,)It is well known that knowledge is_treasure house,，,but practice is_key to it.,A,a,；,the B,the,；,the,C,a,；,/D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,考查冠词的用法。句意为：众所周知，知识是宝库，而实践是,(,开启,),宝库的钥匙。前一个空格处是泛指；后一个空格处是特指，指开启宝库的钥匙。,【,答案,】,A,2,(2010,届桂林中学月考,)His failure at_first attempt didn,t disappoint him.Instead,，,he gathered his courage and tried_second time.,A,the,；,the B,the,；,a,C,a,；,the D,a,；,a,【,解析,】,考查冠词的用法。第一空序数词前要加定冠词,the,，此处指第一次尝试；,a second time,表示,“,又一次，再一次,”,，用不定冠词。,【,答案,】,B,3,(2010,届江西师大附中月考,)In 1778,，,Banks was elected_president of the Royal Society,，,_position he held for 42 years.,A,the,；,the B,/,；,a,C,a,；,a D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,考查冠词的用法。句意为：在,1778,年，,Banks,当选为皇家学会的会长，这一职位他担任了,42,年。表示职位的词作宾语补足语时，前面不加冠词；后一个空格处是,president,的同位语，表示他所担任的这一个职位，因此是泛指。,【,答案,】,B,4,(2010,届江西永修一中月考,),How many people are still leading_life under_poverty line in the world?,Perhaps one fourth,，,according to the report.,A,the,；,/B,a,；,the,C,a,；,a D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,lead a life,为固定结构，故第一空填不定冠词,a,；第二空用,the,表示特指。,【,答案,】,B,5,(2010,届临川一中月考,),Stay a bit longer,；,it,s been such_fun having you with us.,Thanks,，,anyway.I,ve to get_early start tomorrow morning.,A,/,；,the B,a,；,an,C,/,；,an D,the,；,an,【,解析,】,考查冠词。第一空因,fun,为不可数名词，所以不用冠词；第二空,get an early start,早早出发，固定用法。,【,答案,】,C,6,(2010,届临川一中月考,)Everyone should learn from_Lei Feng and try to be_Lei Feng.,A,/,；,a B,/,；,/,C,the,；,the D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,考查冠词。第一空提到的雷锋是众所周知的人物，人名前用零冠词，而第二空是指雷锋式的人物，所以用不定冠词。,【,答案,】,A,7,(2010,届绵阳中学月考,)Generally speaking,，,in the United States_15,percent tip is normal for_most restaurants.,A,a,；,/B,an,；,the,C,/,；,a D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,tip,为可数名词，,15,percent,作定语修饰,tip,，第一空填,a,，表示,“,15%,的小费,”,；,most,表示,“,大多数,”,的意思修饰名词时前面不用冠词。,【,答案,】,A,8,(2010,届湖南长沙一中第三次月考,)Only when you stay and live with_local people for a period of time will you have_better understanding of life here.,A,a,；,/B,the,；,a,C,/,；,the D,the,；,the,【,解析,】,根据句中的,here,可知，这里的,local people,是特指的概念，因此前面加定冠词，由此排除,A,、,C,两项；此外，,have a better understanding of sth.,是固定用法，表示,“,对,有更好的了解,”,。,【,答案,】,B,9,(2010,届江苏南通调研测试,)What lessons China can draw from_global financial crisis has become_hot topic among us students.,A,the,；,a B,/,；,a,C,a,；,the D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,考查冠词的用法。本题中的,financial crisis(,金融危机,),是特指，用定冠词,the,；,hot topic,是指热门的话题，为泛指，故用,a,。,【,答案,】,A,10,(2009,年山东泰安市模拟,)In face of_failure,，,it is the most important to keep up_good state of mind.,A,/,；,a B,a,；,/,C,the,；,/D,/,；,the,【,解析,】,failure,作,“,失败,”,讲时，是不可数名词；,state,前常加不定冠词，说明某种状态。,【,答案,】,A,11,(2009,年皖南八校三模,),What do you think of the manager of your company?,Oh,，,he is_manager who,s pleasant to work with.It,s_pleasure to work with him.,A,the,；,a B,a,；,a,C,a,；,the D,/,；,a,【,解析,】,答语首句表示,“,他是一个很好共事的经理,”,，第二句表示,“,与他共事是一件愉快的事情,”,，两空均表泛指，用不定冠词。,【,答案,】,B,12,(2009,年济南模拟,)Facts have proved that_2008 Beijing Olympic Games were_great success.,A,the,；,/B,a,；,the,C,the,；,a D,/,；,a,【,解析,】,第一空后的,2008 Beijing Olympic Games,为专有名词，前面加定冠词，由此可以排除,B,、,D,两项；第二空后的,success,意思是,“,成功的事情,”,是抽象名词具体化的用法，前面需要加不定冠词,a,。因此，本题正确答案是,C,。,【,答案,】,C,