高三英语总复习 非谓语动词(一)课件 新人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Nonfinite Verbs,(非谓语动词),谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的固定用法。,e.g.He,works.,He,takes care of,the baby.,He,will go,to Shanghai.,He,didnt go,to Shanghai.,He,has gone,to Shanghai.,You,are,students.,You,look smart,.,单句谓语或动词短语,情态动词,/,助动词,+v.,系动词,+,表语,半系动词,+,表语,非谓语：主要包括不定式,1.,（,to do），2.,ving,形式以及过去分词,3.,（,done）。,无人称，数的变化，不单独,作谓语,，但,保留动词特点，可以有宾语、宾补或状语,(,短语）,。,e.g.He works.,He wants,to work,here.,He,is working,now.,He,has done,his work.,You,are,students,so you,dont work,in the factory.,Being students,you dont work in the factory.,过去分词,不定式,V.-,ing,形式,非谓语动词,高考题,巩固 题1,巩固 题2,1.adj.adv.2.n.,1.n.adj.adv.,Adj.Adv.,1.Vt pp(,被动,.,完成,）,2.Vi pp,（完成）,3.adj=,vt,pp(,固定，在英语字典中，死记）,在句中的功能和作用,非谓语形式在句中的位置,1,、,V+ing,（单个或词组作主语时，它放在句子谓语的前面；作表语和宾语时，放在系动词的后面或,Vt,(,一些固定动词）的后面；作定语时，单个放在名词的前面，短语放在名词的的后面，相当于一个省掉了主语和主动词的定语从句；作宾语补助语时，放在宾语的后面，表示正在进行的动作或内容，作状语时，相当于一个省掉了主语和助动词的谓语，放在句前或句未。,非谓语的时态和语态,A,、,(do),V+ing,时态 语态,1,、,doing,（一般式）（主动的进行）,2,、,being done,（一被式）（被动式的进行）,3,、,having done (,完主式）（谓语前完成的主动）,4,、,having been done,（完被式）（谓语前完成的被动）,B,、,(do)to do,1,、,to do,(,一般式）（谓语后的主动动作）,2,、,to be done (,一被式）（谓语后的被动动作）,3,、,to having done (,完主式）（谓语前的主动动作）,4,、,to having been done,（完被式）（谓语前的被动动作）,非谓语形式单个或短语的例子,一、单个,v+ing,（定语）（位置）动词意义,1,、,a,singing,girl,名词之前,a,flying,bird,(,表名词主动和正在进行）,2,、,an,interesting,film.,名词之前,a,frightening,story,名词之前 （,用作修饰名词的内容 ）,3,、,a,walking,stick,名词之前,a,reading,room,名词之前,(,说明,名词的功能和作用）,二、短语,Vt,+N+Prep+N,（定）名词之后,(,表名词主动和正在进行,),3,、,the students,training on the playground(who are training on the playground),4,、,the pigeon flying in the sky(,that are flying in the sky),5,、,students,being taught in the classroom (that are taught in the classroom),6,、,The school,being built on the top of the hill (that is built on the top of the hill),(,表一个,被动,的,正在进行,的动作）,A,、单个,v+ing,形式（定语）,(,注意位置）,短语,Vt,+N.,Vt,+N+Prep+N,（定语）,三、,V+ing,+n+prep+n(,补语）,1,、,I heard the different birds (,在树枝上唱歌）,singing on the branches.,2,、,At the moment the mice are seen(,在地上到处跑）,running on the ground.,3,、,At present the clock is watched(,在鸡笼里打鸣）,crowing in the hencoop.,4,、,We definitely heard people,（被打）,and moved around in the big hill.,being,beaten,1,、单个,v+ing,相当名词,(,位置,）（意义）,（名词的位置）（抽象、说理）,Reading,is studying and,using,is also,studying,2,、短语,Vt,+N.,Vt,+N+Prep+N,（主、定、宾和表语）,Reading in the dim room,is harmful,to your eyes.,(,辨别功能）,The washing,machine,is my helper,.,(,辨别功能）,We have finished,reading,the novel.,(,辨别功能）,She said she fled to the UK in 2002 after,being beaten,and victimized because of her sexuality.(,辨别功能）,They dont make those profits except by,doing one thing,which is denying health care.(,辨别功能）,B,、单个,v+ing,形式,（,主语、表语和宾语,）,短语,Vt,+N+Prep+N,（主语、表语和宾语）,1.,在,suggest,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,等后不能用不定式作宾语；在,forget,remember,regret,mean,try,等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。如：,I,forgot seeing her,.,我忘记见过她。,(,以前见过,),I,forgot to post,the letter.,我忘记寄信了。,(,信没寄,),Knowledge is power.,知识就是力量。,They should,try dancing,if they havent learned the music,Buying online could,mean doing time,.,We,remember seeing,you in 1999.,Do you,remember to pay,the subscription(,定金）,to the computer magazine?,C,、注意：,后只能用,“,V+ing,或,V+ing,+n+prep+n,”,2.,在表示“需要”的,need,want,和,require,等后用,-,ing,形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式,。,As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need,(repair).(,陕西,),-Robert is indeed a wise man.,-Oh,yes.How often I have regretted (not take)his advice!(,安徽,),repairing/to be repaired,not taking,（,3,）动名词可以和一些介词如,in,on,after,against,before,by,for,without,besides,等构成短语，在句中作状语,。,He left ahead of time,without saying a word,.,他一句话也没说就提前离开了。,Besides cooking and sewing,she had to take care of four children.,除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。,On hearing the news,all the pupils jumped with joy.,听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。,D,、几个动名词短语的固定用法，一般采用,1.It is +,V+ing,+n+Phrase,句式来表示,It is,no use,waiting for him,any longer.,等他是没有用的。,It is,no good,learning,without practice.,学而不实践是没好处的。,It is,useless,talking about it,with him.,和他谈这件事是没用的。,Its,a waste of time,arguing about,it.,辩论这事是浪费时间,2.There is no”,句式来表示,There is no joking about,such matters.,这种事开不得玩笑。,There is no littering about.,不许乱扔杂物。,There is no holding back,the wheel of history.,历史车轮不可阻挡,。,D,、,Revision:1,、,The function of V-,ing,1.,is very useful,.,（学习外语）,2.I enjoy,.,（说英语）,3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by,（观察肢体语言）,4.The music sounds,5.My job is,6.There is a pool in our school,（游泳）,7.The boy is a classmate of mine,8.W watch the children,9.the baby stopped crying.(,听见她妈妈的声音,),(,subject),(,站在那里）,(,object),Learning a foreign language,speaking English,watching his body language,.,exciting,（令人兴奋）,pointing papers,(,印卷子,),。,swimming,standing over there,diving into the river from the top,（从那顶部潜入河中,Hearing her mothers voice,E,、,V-,ing,as,Adverbial,1.,the baby stopped crying(,听见他的声音）,.,2.,He cut off the electricity,（,阻止了事故,）,3.,she hurried to the school to take her home,（,有人告诉她女儿生病,）,(,not)V-ing,（一般式的否定式）,(not)having done,（完成式否定式）,(not)having been done,完成进行时否,4.,he prevented an accident(,他切断电源后,）,.,5.,she knows how to grow vegetables,（,在乡下生活了许多年）,.,6.,she is becoming more and more homesick,（,由于长时间没有收到家里的消息）,.,V-,ing,的形式,Hearing a sound,preventing an accident,Having been told her daughter was sick,Having lived in the country for many years,Not having received any news from home for a long time,Having cut off the electricity,Revision,（一）动词不定式,to do,作用,（,The function of“to do”）,1.What does it mean,to be a scientist,?,2.Nothing in life is,to be feared,3.People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult,to understand,him.,4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months,to live,.,5.He travelled around the world,to give lectures.,6.He rushed to school only,to find,there was nobody there.,7.The teacher asked us,to write,a composition about a famous scientist.,7.Nor did he let the disease,stop,him from living,(subject),(predicative),(object),(attribute),(adverbial),(,adverbial),(,object complement),(object complement),John stepped forward so as,to be introduced,to the visitors.,2.Anne stepped forward so as,to introduce,the visitors to us.,3.They seem,to have met,each other,before.Didnt,you notice that.,4.They seem,to know,each other.,5.When mother came into my room,I pretended to be reading a letter.,6.Ill write down your name and address so as,not to forget,them.,（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态,小结,(not)to do,(not)to be done,(not)to have(been)done,(not)to be doing,一般式，主动，（谓后）将来。,宾补时表动作结束,一般式，被动，（谓后）将来。同上,完成式，主动（被动）谓语前,进行式,过去分词,done,若是及物动词（,vt,）则表示,被动,；动作已经,完成,（即先于谓语动词）,若是不及物动词（,vi）,则只表示,完成,。,如：,a,broken,glass=a glass which has been broken,a,fallen,tree=a tree which has fallen(down),1.,形式与含义,2.成分,1),作表语,eg,She is,interested in the job,.All the audiences are,moved,.,2),作定语,eg.Tigers,and lions are animals,which are endangered.,All the people,who are invited to the meeting,are VIP.,Tigers and lions are,endangered,animals,.,We can see a lot of leaves,which have fallen,on the ground.,All the people,invited to the meeting,are VIP.,We can see a lot of,fallen,leaves on the ground.,3）,作宾补,eg,Speak louder so that you can make yourself,heard,.,We have our classroom,cleaned,every day.,4),作状语,（,比较：,When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the,viilage,very small.=Seeing from the top of the mountain,we found the village very small.）,eg,.,If it is seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.,Seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.,eg,.The teacher entered the room,and he was followed by some students.,The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.,判断下列句子中过去分词（,done）,的成分：,1.,Folded in his pocket,the letter wasnt found until twenty years later.,2.No matter how hard he tried,he couldnt make himself believed.,3.We can see excited expression on her face.,3.When heated,ice will be changed into,water.,4.She had her bike repaired yesterday.,5.We were all inspired by her,inspiring,speech.,6.Given an apple,the child stopped crying.,7.The boy named Tom is an orphan.,adverbial,Object complement,attribute,adverbial,Object complement,predicative,adverbial,attribute,例,4 As there was nobody，he had to go alone.,There _ nobody,he had to go alone.,If time permits,I will go to see you.,Time_,I will go to see you.,As the work had been finished,he went to bed.,The work_,he went to bed.,being,permitting,当存在不同主语时，可以用,Ving,形式的独立主格结构。,独立主格结构。,finished,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,1._ makes me happy to find the key.,A.That B.It C.What D.Whether,B,解析：不定式做主语，常用“,it”,作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有,it is adj.(for sb.)to do,sth,.,但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改,for,为,of.,e.g.It is nice of you to say so.,It,也可充当形式宾语使用。,不定式,例,2 NMET 2000,第19题,Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.,A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,B,解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,不定式的,作用,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,3:You are the third one _ the room.,A.to enter B.entering C.entered,A,解析,：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词,anything/something/noting,，名词,way/chance/opportunity,等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。,注意,：,I need a pen to write,with,.(,不及物动词要加介词,),例,4 NMET 1999,第21题,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.,B,不定式,解析：因为主语是,the purpose，,在（,purpose,wish,promise,plan）,后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，,to,不能省略，因此构成,the purpose is tonot todo,句型，故选,B。,不定式的,作用,不定式,不定式的,作用,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看,see,watch,notice,observe,look at；,三使役,make,let,have;,二听,listen to,hear,等）须接不带,to,的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后,to,不可省略。,例,5:You are not allowed _ the books out.,A.taking B.to taken C.take D.to take,D,解析：,allow sb.to do,当被改为被动态时，为,sb.be allowed to do.,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,6,：,I got up early to catch the bus.,He went out never to return.,He is too young to go to school.,I am happy to meet you.,A.Adverbial of purpose B.Adverbial of result C.Adverbial of reason,A,B,C,B,例,7 NMET 1997,第12题,I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone,D,不定式,解析：,该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。,would love(like)to,是固定搭配，因此,B、C、,不合题意。,Would love+,不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,不定式的,时态和语态,例,8 NMET 2002,第14题,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(2002),A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen,例如：,It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.,The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.,B,解析,：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.,不定式,例,9 NMET 1996,年,The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation,.,A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eat,C,解析,：,该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意,warn,后跟词方式，,warn sb.not to do,sth,.warn sb.against doing,sth,.,该题应该用,结构另外，,not,应放在,to,之前。,不定式的,否定形式,V.-,ing,形式,例,NMET1998,European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.,A.making B.makes C.made D.to make,A,v.-ing,形式主要考查其在句子中作,状语,和,定语,的用法,Making it the popular sport in the world,为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing,表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,His parents died,leaving,him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office,only to,find it was closed,V.-,ing,形式,例,2,a sleeping baby a sleeping bag,Ving,做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。,boiling water boiled water,an exciting game an excited man,ving,做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词,V.-,ing,形式,例,3.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.,A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing,有些动词后接,to do,为宾语，而有些则接,ving,，比如,finish,suggest,mind,practise,等，但要注意一下动词,forget,，,remember,regret,try,，,mean,等既可以加,to do,也可加,doing,，但是意义不同。,B,过去分词,1.作状语,例1,NMET1996,第23题,_,in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.,A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose,C,解析,：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-,ing,或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是,主语,。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，,A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought.（,比较：,Losing,himself in thought,he almost ran）,过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。,过去分词,2.作定语,例2,NMET1997,第17题,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C，did not include women players until 1912.,A.first played B.to be first played,C.first playing D.to be first playing,A,过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。,现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。,不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。,所以,A,是正确的。,First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,解析,过去分词,3.作表语,例3,NMET1998,第23题,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay,C,解析,：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“,to pay sb.by the hour”,计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：,get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。,the plan,与,carry out,的关系是被动关系。,see,sth.done,这结构常见的还有,watch(notice,observe,have,和,make)sth,.done.,例4,NMET2000,第22题,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.,A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out,C,解析,历年高考题,1.Friendship is like money：easier made than _(03,上海春),Akept Bto be kept Ckeeping Dbeing kept,2._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement,AThe president will attend BThe president to attend(03,上海春),CThe president attended DThe presidents attending,3.Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference,Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving invited(03,上春),4.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role,_ in making the earth a better place to live (03,上海春),Ato have played Bto play Cto be played Dto be playing,A,D,A,B,5.,How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?(MET93 17),A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking,6.,_,down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.,(MET93 24),A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn,7.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.,(MET93 34),A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented,8.,-,I must apologize for _ ahead of time.,-Thats all right.(MET94 21),A.letting you not know B.not letting you know,C.letting you know not D.letting not you know,9.,Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(NMET94 22),A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,10.,The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25),A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play,11.,The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16,th,century.(NMET94 34),A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,12.,-,You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.,-Well,now I regret _ that.(NMET95 26),A.to do b.to be doing C.to have done D.having done,13.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told,him_.(NMET95 35),A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,14.-,What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_ her new bicycle.(97,上海 13),A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing,15.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.,(,97,上海12,),A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned,16.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.,(95,上海20),A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in,17.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying,something they dont really need.(96,上海14),A.,to pursue B.