高考英语 Unit4知识与要点课件 新人教版必修4 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,Body language,：,Cultural differences and intercultural communication(,身体语言：文化差异和跨文化交际,),功能,1.Prohibition and warnings(,禁令和警告,),2.Obligation(,义务、责任,),语法,The,v,ing form as the Adverbial(,动词的,ing,形式作状语,),重点,单词,statement,，,major,，,greet,，,represent,，,association,，,flight,，,curious,，,approach,，,defend,，,misunderstand,，,truly,，,false,，,anger,，,subjective,，,function,，,ease,，,rank,，,adult,重点,短语,defend against,，,be likely to,，,in general,，,at ease,，,lose face,，,turn ones back to,，,be curious about sth.,，,major in,，,approach to(doing)sth.,，,watch/look out,，,on the contrary,重点,句型,1.Tony approached Julia,，,touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!,2,Not all cultures greet each other the same way,，,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.,3,With so many cultural differences between people,，,it is great to have some similarities in body language.,1,represent vt.,代表；表现；描绘；象征；声称；说明,归纳拓展,(1)represent sth.,/sb.,象征某物,/,代表某人,represent.as.,把,描绘成,represent oneself as/to be,自称是，声称,represent sth.to sb.,向某人说明某事，向某人描绘某事,(2)representation,n,.,表现，描述，描绘；表现形式,make representations to.,与,进行交涉；向,提出抗议,(3)representative,n,代表；代理人,adj,.,典型的；代理的,be representative of,是,的代表，是,中典型的,The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.,这次比赛吸引了代表,8,个不同国家的,500,多名参赛者。,He represented himself as an expert.,他声称自己是一位专家。,Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.,让我试用另一种方法向你说明我的想法。,We have made representations to the school,，,but without success.,我们与学校进行了交涉，但没有效果。,Jay Chou is regarded as a representative of the youth of his generation.,周杰伦被看作是他那一代年轻人的典型代表。,诱导展望,represent,作,“,说明，使明白,”,和,“,传达、表达,”,讲时不能直接跟,“,人,”,作宾语，常用结构为,represent sth.to sb.,或,represent to sb.sth.,。类似的单词有,explain,，,relate(,叙述,),，,guarantee,，,suggest,，,announce,等。,【,链接训练,】,_ the company at such an evening party,，,he has been choosing a suit which will _ him best.,A,Representing,；,agree B,Standing for,；,match,C,To represent,；,suit D,To stand for,；,suit,【,解析,】,句意为：为了代表公司出席这样一个晚会，他一直在挑中意的套装。此处应为不定式作目的状语；,stand for,不能用来代表某单位；,suit,主要指,“,服装的颜色、款式适合,”,，而,match,主要指,“,相匹配,”,。,【,答案,】,C,The thirteen stars on the flag _ the thirteen colonies that have announced independence.,A,are B,sign,C,represent D,compare,【,解析,】,考查动词词义辨析。,represent,“,代表,”,；,sign,用作动词，意为,“,签名,”,；,compare,意为,“,比较,”,。句意为：旗帜上的,13,颗星代表了已宣布独立的,13,个殖民地。,【,答案,】,C,2,curious adj.,有好奇心的；有求知欲的；感兴趣的,归纳拓展,(1)be curious about sth.,对某事感到好奇,be curious to do sth.,极想做某事,Its curious that.,很奇怪,(2)curiously,ad,v,.,好奇地；奇异地，奇怪地,curiosity,n,好奇心；好奇；珍品，奇事,in/with curiosity,curiously,好奇地,from/out of curiosity,出于好奇,meet/satisfy ones curiosity,满足某人的好奇心,As a little girl,，,she was curious about the origin of human beings.,她还是个小女孩时，就对人类的起源产生了兴趣。,I was curious to find out what she had said.,我极想弄清楚她说了些什么。,Curiously enough,，,a year later exactly the same thing happened again.,说来也怪，一模一样的事情在一年以后又发生了。,In/With curiosity,，,I didnt feel at all nervous when I faced the audience.,令人好奇的是，当我面对观众的时候，我一点都不感觉紧张。,【,链接训练,】,Dont be too _ about things you are not supposed to know.,A,strange B,amusing,C,curious D,conscious,【,解析,】,be curious about,“,对,感到好奇,”,。句意为：不要对你不该知道的事情过分好奇。,strange,“,奇怪的,”,；,amusing,“,好笑的,”,；,conscious,“,有意识的,”,。,【,答案,】,C,3,approach n,接近，逼近，走近；方法，步骤，途径，道路,vt.,接近，建议；要求，找,商量,vi.,靠近,归纳拓展,(1)at the approach of.,在快到,的时候,make an approach to.,对,进行探讨；向,提出要求,/,建议,an/the approach to sth.(,待人接物或思考问题的,),方法、方式、态度,(2)approach sb.on,/about sth.,与某人接洽,/,商量某事,approach to.,接近，近似；约等于；做某事的方法,/,途径,The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.,学习外语最好的途径是学口语。,With the approach of winter,，,the weather got colder.,随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。,All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.,所有的通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。,The scientists are making a scientific approach to the subject.,科学家们正在对这个问题进行科学探讨。,The time for graduation is approaching.,毕业的日子即将来临。,Did Mary approach you about lending her some money?,玛丽找你商量过有关借钱给她的事吗？,同类辨析,approach,，,way,，,method,与,means,(1)approach,，,way,，,method,，,means,都有,“,方式，方法，途径,”,之意，但,approach,侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式；,way,为一般用语；,means,指可以得到结果的手段、方法；,method,指有规律的、有条理的做法，如教学方法,teaching method,。,(2),表示,“,做,的方法,”,时各自的搭配分别是：,the approach to(doing)sth.,the means of(doing)sth.,the method of(doing)sth.,the way to do/of(doing)sth.,(3),分别与不同两介词搭配：,with this method,/in this method/,in this way/by this means,【,链接训练,】,The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,，,more easily managed problems.,A,to dealing,B,in dealing,C,dealing,D,to deal,【,解析,】,考查,approach,作名词，意为,“,方法，步骤,”,的含义。构成,approach to,短语，其中,to,是介词，后跟动词,ing,形式。句意为：传统的处理复杂问题的方法是把其分解成较容易掌握的较小问题。,【,答案,】,A,用,approach,，,way,，,means,，,method,完成句子,They are trying to find a new_to cancer treatment.,What do you think of the _ theyre dealing with waste water?,Only by this _ can you learn maths well.,They worked out the problem with the same _.,【,答案,】,approach,way,means,method,4,defend vt.,保护；保卫,归纳拓展,(1)defend sb.,/sth.from/,against sb./sth.,保护某人,(,某物,),免受伤害；保卫某人,(,某物,),defend oneself against sth.,为自己辩护,defence,n,保卫；保护；辩护；答辩,(2)in defence(of.),为了保卫,(,),in sb.s/sth.s defence,为,辩护；在,的防备下,Its the glorious duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.,卫国抗敌是每个士兵应尽的光荣职责。,All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.,我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。,Antibodies are the bodys defences against infection.,抗体是身体抵御感染的武器。,同类辨析,defend,，,guard,与,protect,三者都含有,“,保护,”,之意。,(1)defend,指,“,保卫,”,、,“,防御,”,，指抵御或击退外来威胁或攻击，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。,(2)guard,指,“,保卫,”,、,“,守卫,”,，指注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害。,(3)protect,指,“,保护,”,，以免遭受危险或伤害等。,Troops have been sent to defend the borders.,已派出部队去守卫边疆。,The dog was guarding its owners luggage.,那只狗守护着主人的行李。,They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.,他们挤在一起，免受风吹。,【,链接训练,】,The soldiers fought in _ of their countrys safety.,A,defence B,purpose,C,support D,spite,【,解析,】,in defence of,“,保卫,”,；,in support of,“,支持,”,；,in spite of,“,不管；不顾,”,，,B,项搭配错误。结合句意,“,士兵们为国家的安危而战,”,，故选,A,项。,【,答案,】,A,5,likely adj.,预期的，可能的,adv.,可能地,归纳拓展,sb./sth.be likely to do,很可能做,；有希望做,Its likely,that,clause,做,是可能的,not likely(,表示坚决不同意,),绝不可能，绝对不会,Are you likely to be in London this year?,今年你可能去伦敦吗？,Its very likely that he will go abroad.,He is likely to go abroad.,他很可能要出国。,同类辨析,likely,，,probable,与,possible,(1)likely,是从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生的事，与,probable,意思接近。它作表语时，主语既可以是人，也可以是物，常用句型：,It is likely that.,或,sb./sth.be likely to.,。,(2)probable,表示的可能性比,possible,要大，意为,“,很可能,”,，指有实际依据或逻辑上合情合理的猜测。它作表语时，不能用人作主语，表示,“,某人有可能做某事,”,要用,It is probable that.,句型。,(3)possible,指客观上潜在的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味。它作表语时，也不能用人作主语，表示,“,某人干某事是可能的,”,，常用,Its possible for sb.to do sth.,或,Its possible that.,句型。另外,possible,还用于固定结构中，如,as.as possible,，,if possible,等。,Its probable that he will come here today.,他很有可能今天来这里。,Its possible for him to cover the book in an hour.,在一小时内读完这本书对他来说是可能的。,【,链接训练,】,I think he is _ to win,，,but Im not sure.,A,possible,B,likely,C,impossible,D,certain,【,解析,】,四个选项中,likely,和,certain,能用人作主语，,certain,意为,“,确定的，有把握的,”,；,likely,意为,“,有可能的,”,，根据题干中的,but Im not very sure.,可知此处应用,likely,。句意为：我认为他有可能会赢，但我不确定。,【,答案,】,B,The weather is not fine today.I think it is _ that hell turn up,，,though.,A,like B,possibly,C,probable D,maybe,【,解析,】,句意为：尽管今天天气不好，但我想他可能会来。,Its probable that.,意为,“,某人可能会,”,。,like,是动词或介词，不用于,It is,结构，,possibly,和,maybe,是副词，也不可以。,【,答案,】,C,1,at ease,舒适，快活，自由自在,归纳拓展,be/feel at ease,感到放松，自在,look at ease,看上去心情放松,ill at ease,不自在，不自然,set/put.at ones ease,使,放心、放松,with ease,容易地，不费劲地,take ones ease,休息；轻松一下,He didnt feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.,他在那个生疏的环境中感到不那么自在。,We fulfilled the job with great ease.,我们很容易地完成了这项工作。,Please take your ease,，,you are too tired.,你太累了，请放松一下。,【,链接训练,】,He sat back on the chair,，,listening to the MP4 and _.,A,looking at ease B,looked at ease,C,being looked at ease D,to look at ease,【,解析,】,looking at ease,“,看起来很自在,”,，作状语，它与,listening to.,并列，由于,look,作,“,看起来,”,讲时是不及物动词，通常用主动形式来表示被动意义，故用现在分词。,【,答案,】,A,2,lose face,丢脸,归纳拓展,(1)lose face,为固定短语，,face,前不加任何冠词、物主代词等。,(2)lose ones face,失去面子,save ones face,挽回面子,归纳拓展,face to face,面对面,(,作状语,),face,to,face,面对面的,(,作定语,),in(the)face of,面对，在,面前,make a face/faces at,向,扮鬼脸,(3)face the enemy,毅然面对敌人,face danger,/difficulties,面临危险,/,困难,be faced with,面临，面对,He doesnt want to back down and risk losing face.,他不想打退堂鼓，怕会丢脸。,Rather than admit failure,，,Frank made a face in order to save face.,弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。,Ive never met her face to face.Weve only talked on the phone.,我从没有当面见过她。我们只在电话中交谈过。,She is faced with a difficult decision.,她面临艰难的选择。,【,链接训练,】,In order not to _,，,he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of the next day.,A,lose heart,B,lose face,C,lose voice,D,lose hope,【,解析,】,考查短语辨析。句意为：为了不丢脸，他为第二天的演讲准备了一晚上。,lose heart,“,灰心,”,；,lose face,“,丢脸,”,；,lose voice,“,失声,”,；,lose hope,“,失去希望,”,。根据题意选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,_ so much difficulty,，,the whole group was in disappointment.,A,Face,B,Faced with,C,To face,D,Facing with,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词的用法。此处是过去分词短语作状语，表原因。,be faced with,“,面临，面对,”,。,【,答案,】,B,3,Not all cultures greet each other the same way,，,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.,各种文化背景下人们互相问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。,(1)not,/neither.nor.,正式,(,用于否定句之后,),既不,又不,I wasnt very impressed by his replies,，,nor his reasons.,我对他的回答印象不太深刻，对他的理由也是一样。,(2)nor/neither,表示,“,也不,”,，放到句首引导分句时要用倒装语序。,Im not going to work today and nor is Alice.,我今天不去上班，艾丽斯也不去。,归纳拓展,常用倒装句式归纳：,表示否定的词或短语置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，如,no,，,not,，,never,，,seldom,，,little,，,hardly,，,at no time,，,in no way,等。,归纳拓展,not only.but also,，,hardly,/scarcely.when,，,no sooner.than,中如果将,not only/,hardly,/scarcely/,no sooner,提到句首，该分句倒装。,so,，,neither,，,nor,表示,“,也,(,不,),”,，放到句首时引起部分倒装。,only,修饰状语或状语从句置于句首时，句子倒装。,as,引导让步状语从句，需将表语和状语提前。,here,，,there,，,now,，,then,等副词和表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，句子完全倒装，但主语是人称代词时不能倒装。,虚拟语气条件从句中谓语动词有,were,，,had,，,should,等词，可将,if,省略，把,were,，,had,，,should,移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。,Scarcely/Hardly had he sat down at the table,，,when the phone rang.,他刚在桌子旁坐下电话铃就响了。,Only in Paris can you find bars like this.,只有在巴黎你才会找到这样的酒吧。,Happy as they were,，,there was something missing.,尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。,There goes the last bus.,最后一班公共汽车刚开走。,【,链接训练,】,If you wont go to the party,，,_.,A,he will either B,neither will he,C,he neither will D,either he will,【,解析,】,考查倒装句。句意为：如果你不去参加这次聚会，他也不去。如果前者说的否定情况也适合后者，要用部分倒装语序，即,neither,/nor,助动词,/,情态动词,/,系动词主语。故答案为,B,项。,【,答案,】,B,动词的,ing,形式作状语,动词的,ing,形式及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随情况等。,1,动词的,ing,形式或其短语作状语往往修饰谓语动词表示的动作，相当于相应的状语从句或并列句。,(1),表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。,(,有时可以在动词的,ing,形式前加一个表时间的连词，如,when,，,while,等,),Look out for cars when crossing the street.,过街时注意车辆。,(2),表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。,Not knowing how to get there(,As I did not know how to get there),，,I had to ask the way.,因为不知道如何去那里，我只得问路。,(3),表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。,Driving too fast(,If you drive too fast),，,you will damage the car.,如果你开车太快，你会把汽车弄坏的。,(4),表示伴随状况或行为方式，相当于并列复合句。,They went into the hall,，,talking and laughing.,(,They went into the hall and were talking and laughing.),他们又说又笑地走进大厅。,(5),表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。,European football is played in 80 countries,，,making it the most popular sport in the world.(,European football is played in 80 countries,；,as a result,，,it becomes the most popular sport in the world.),欧式足球运动在,80,个国家开展，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。,注意：,当动词的,ing,形式作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果动词的,ing,形式的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，即为错句。,Standing on the top of the mountain,，,I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.,而不可以说：,Standing on the top of the mountain,，,the houses below looked like tiny toys.,当我站在山顶上时，我发现下面的房子就像小玩具一样。,有时动词的,ing,形式或动词的,ing,形式短语有自己独立的主语，称之为独立主格结构。,Time permitting,，,we will go on a trip.,时间许可的话，我们就去旅行。,诱导展望,有些动词的,ing,短语可以作句子的独立成分，对全句进行解释或修饰，表明说话者的态度、观点等。此时，不存在其逻辑主语和句子主语一致的问题。,例如：,generally,/frankly speaking,一般,/,坦白说来；,judging by/from.,从,判断；,taking everything into consideration,总的说来。,Frankly speaking,，,I don,t enjoy the performance.,坦白地说，我不喜欢这场演出。,2,动词的,ing,形式作状语与谓语动词的关系,(1),动词的,ing,形式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，分词用一般形式。,He ran up to her,，,breathing heavily.,他气喘吁吁地跑到她面前。,(2),动词的,ing,形式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作,(,或状态,),，现在分词需用完成时形式,having done,。,Having already seen the film twice,，,she didn,t want to go to the cinema.,这部电影她已看过两遍，她不想去看了。,(3),动词的,ing,形式的否定形式为,not doing,与,not having done,。,Not knowing his address,，,I didn,t go to visit him.,由于不知道他的地址，我没去看他。,【,链接训练,】,A remote,controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday,，,_ at least 12 people.,A,having been injured B,having injured,C,injuring D,injured,【,解析,】,考查分词作状语。分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，排除,A,、,D,两项；,B,项在动作顺序上有误。句意为：一枚远程控制的炸弹昨天在宾馆外面爆炸，导致至少,12,人受伤。,【,答案,】,C,_ such heavy loss,，,the businessman doesnt have the courage to go on.,A,Having suffered B,Suffering,C,To suffer D,Suffered,【,解析,】,句意为：这位商人因遭受了重大损失，从而失去了把生意继续下去的勇气。两个句子的主语一致，应用现在分词；当分词的动作或状态先于主句谓语动词发生时，应使用现在分词的完成式,having done,来表示。,【,答案,】,A,_ the programme,，,they have to stay there for another two weeks.,A,Not completing B,Not completed,C,Not having completed D,Having not completed,【,解析,】,句意为：,(,因为,),没完成这个项目，他们不得不在那儿再待两周。,they,与,complete,之间为主动关系，,“,没完成项目,”,发生在谓语动作之前，而且非谓语动词的否定式应将,not,放于非谓语动词之前，故选,C,。,【,答案,】,C,He called the police for help,，,_ that the problem was more than he could deal with.,A,having been realized B,to realize,C,realizing D,realized,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。句意为：当他意识到他无法处理这个问题后，他向警方求助。此题的逻辑主语,he,与动词,realize,之间为主动关系，可排除,A,、,D,项；又,B,项不定式用来表示目的，不符合题意，故被排除。,【,答案,】,C,