unit7grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 7,International charities,Passive voice in the,simple present and past tenses,Grammar,n,.,传单,散页印刷品,hand out the leaflet,分发,提出,1.,and about 80 per cent of these cases can,be prevented,and cured.,2.The plane,is,also,used,as a training center.,3.Also,local doctors and nurses,are invited,on board to learn about eye operations.,4.,150 patients,are operated,on.,Translate the following sentence into Chinese.,语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。,当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。,如：,We clean,the classroom every day.,我们每天都打扫教室。,The classroom,is cleaned(by us),every day.,教室每天都被,(,我们,),打扫。,被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时,被动语态的基本构成,主语,be,动词,过去分词,一般现在时,I,am,supported.,You/We/They,are,He/She/It,is,一般过去时,I,was,supported.,You/We/They,were,He/She/It,was,The cake was eaten by Daniel.,2.Nancy bought a book yesterday.,3.The little dog is looked after very well,by Simon.,4.He is reading English.,5.The computer is bought by my uncle.,6.I am woken up by my father every,morning.,Underline the passive voice in the following sentences.,None of the books,was taken,away.,没有一本书被拿走。,动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。,被动语态的基本用法,The toy,is designed,for children.,在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。,这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。,需要强调动作的承受者时。,My bike,was repaired,.,我的自行车修好了。,The problem,was talked,about just now.,出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。,这个问题刚才被讨论过。,Mr,Wu,is liked,by,all of his students.,所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。,在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由,by,引出。,有些动词常用于被动语态。,如：,He,was born,in Nanjing.,他生于南京。,The mobile phone,was made,in China.,这部手机是中国制造的。,注意:,1.Today English _ all over China.,A.teach B.teaches,C.is taught D.are taught,2.The meeting _ two weeks ago.,A.hold B.was held,C.were held D.is held,3.The thief _ by the police last night.,A.caught B.is caught,C.was caught D.were caught,4.The photos _ when I was young.,A.were taken B.was taken,C.are taken D.is taken,5.Millie is my best friend.I _ often _ to her party.,A.is invited B.am invited,C.are invited D.was invited,6.Last year Beijing _ by a big sandstorm.,A.is hit B.were hit,C.will be hit D.was hit,主动语态和被动语态的句式转换,主动语态,主语,She,谓语,(,主动式,),hurt,宾语,me.,被动语态,原宾语,(,改为主格,),I,谓语,(,被动式,),was hurt,by,原主语,(,改为宾格,),her.,主动,+,谓语,+,双宾语的句式转换,主动语态,主语,He,谓语,(,主动式,),passed,间宾,me,直宾,a book.,被动语态,原直宾,A book,谓语,(,被动式,),was passed,to,me,by,原主语,(,改为宾格,)him.,原间宾,(,改为主格,),I,谓语,(,被动式,),was passed,原直宾,a book,by,原主语,(,改为宾格,),him.,1.,有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如,:,系动词,smell,taste,sound,feel,等。,The dish,smells,good.,这道菜闻起来很香。,The music,sounds,nice.,这段音乐听起来不错。,注意:,还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和,well,easily,等副词连用,含有被动意义。如,:read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean,等。,The books,sell,well.,这些书很畅销。,The pen,writes,smoothly.,这支笔写起来很顺滑。,2.,在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式,中,动词不定式的,to,常省去,但是在被动,语态中要加上,to,。,主动语态,主语,The teacher,谓语,(,主动式,),made,宾语,him,不带,to,的不定式,retell the story.,被动语态,原宾语,(,改为主格,),He,谓语,(,被动式,),was made,带,to,的不定式,to retell the story,by,原主语,(,改为宾格,),the teacher.,The Class 1,Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor.Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice.Add the word,by,when necessary.,are planned to help the poor,What,they do every year,1.Charity activities _(plan/to help the poor).,are handed out to people,Leaflets _ _(hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).,in the street by volunteers,Toys and CDs _,(sell/to raise money).,are sold to raise money,What they did last week,New books _ _(send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1,Grade 8 students).,were sent to children in poor,areas by the Class 1,Grade 8 students,Warm clothes _(collect/for poor people).,were collected for poor people,A charity show _(hold/the Students Union).,was held by the Students Union,Amy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.,Amy:Im reading a book about Oxfam.,Daniel:Really?Please tell me about it.,Amy:OK.Oxfam _(set up)in the UK in 1942,and the first Oxfam shop _(open)in 1948.Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world.A lot of things _(sell)in Oxfam shops,including books.The money _(use)by Oxfam to help poor people.,was set up,was opened,are sold,is,used,Daniel:Thats good.There are also some charity projects in China.One of them _(call)Project Hope.It _(start)in 1989.With its help,millions of poor children all over the country _(give)basic education.,is called,was started,are given,Amy:Yea.Many schools _(build)in poor areas each year.,are built,Exercises,把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态,或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态。,1.Tome often helps Jenny when she is in trouble.,Jenny is often helped by Tom when she is in trouble.,2.I bought a computer last week.,A computer was bought by me last week.,3.The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday.,Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday.,4.Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.,Students and teachers plant many tress every year.,5.She takes good care of the children.,The children are taken good care of by her.,1.Review the contents of this lesson.,2.Finish the exercises in the workbook.,3.Preview the next lesson.,