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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题十二 状语从句,状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语,又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。,状语从句的分类及常用连接词,种类,从属,连词,例句,说明,时,间,状,语,从,句,when,whenever,When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.,You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like.,when,指“某一具体的时间”；,whenever,指“在任何一个不具体的时间”。,while,While John was reading,I was watching TV.,I stayed while he was away.,while,指“在,期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的。,as,They talked as they walked along the river.,As time goes by,I like China better.,as,（一边,一边）表示持续性动作，强调主句和从句动作同时发生；随着。,bef-ore,Before I could get in a word,the tailor had measured me.(,还没来得及就,),We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(,还没,就,),We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(,才,),Please write it down before you forget it.(,趁还没,就,),before,引导从句时，词义非常灵活。,Afte-r,He arrived after the game started.,till,unti-l,He remained there till/until she arrived.,She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.,It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.,Not until he returns home will she go to bed.,若主句动作是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到,为止”；若主句动作是瞬间动词，要用否定式，表“直,才”，“在,以前不”；从句放在句首时表示强调，一般用,until,并引起部分倒装。,时间状语从句,since,Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,since,在时间状语从句中，不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时，通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，主句时态多用现在完成时。,as soon as,hardly.when,no sooner.than,the moment,the instant,the second,immediately,directly,instantly,As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.,I had hardly got home when it began to rain.,=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.,Immediately he came I told him the news.,We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.,=No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.,这些结构都表示“一,就,”,。,时间状语从句,every/each time,next/last time,by the time,the first time,Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to my help.,I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.,这类名词短语相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。,地点状语从句,where,wherever,Where there is a will,there is a way.,You can go wherever you like these days.,where,与,wherever,意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。,原,因,状,语,从,句,because,I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.,because,用来回答,why,的问题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。,since,Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.,since,表示既然或已知的理由，也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因，多放句首。,as,并列连词,for,As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together,we missed you very much.,It must have rained last night,for the ground is still wet.,as,引导的原因状语从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中；,for,连接的是并列句。,原因状语从句,now that,seeing that,in that,considering that,Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.,Seeing(that)he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.,This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.,considering that,seeing(that),now that,in that,和,since,意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思。,目的状语从句,so that,in order that,lest=for fear that,You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.,He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.,Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。,注意：,so that,和,in order that,与,so as to,和,in order to,的转换。,结,果,状,语,从,句,so that,so.that,We turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the news.,The boy is so young that he cant go to school.,so that,前有逗号为结果状语从句；,so.that,的,so,后面紧跟形容词或副词。,such.that,He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.,such.that,的,such,后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用,such a/an.that,，还可以转换用,so.that,，语气较强。,条件状语从句,if,If not=,unless,as/so long as,in case,so/as far,as,We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.,=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.,So long as you work hard,you will succeed.,In case I forget,please remind me about it.,So far as I know,the book will be published next month.,unless,和,if.not,同义，,unless,是书面语，,if.not,是口语，通常二者可以换用；,unless,从句的谓语只能用肯定式；,条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。,方式状语从句,as,as if/though,As water is to fish,so air is to man.,Do as you are told to.,He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.,此处,as,意为“按照或正如”；,as if,或,as though,的意义和用法基本一样；,从句中可以用现在时，表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。,让,步,状,语,从,句,though,although,Although its raining,they are still working in the field.,We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day.,though,、,although,等引导的让步状语从句，不能和,but,连用，但可以与,yet,或,still,连用。,though/although,意义相同，用法基本相同。,让,步,状,语,从,句,even if,even though,Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.,even if,和,even though,意为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味。,as,Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.,as,引导的让步状语从句常放在句首，并用部分倒装；此时，可与,though,换用。,no matter wh-,No matter what happened,he would not mind,no matter wh-,与,wh-+ever,引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，,no matter wh-,引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。,wh-ever,Whatever,happened,he would not mind.,判断,wh-ever,引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点：,名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要由从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。,比,较,状,语,从,句,as.as,not so/as.as,the same.as,such.as,Mary is as old as my sister.,He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does).,His book is the same as mine.,Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.,表示同程度级别的比较，肯定句用,as.as,否定句可用,not as.as,或,not so.as,。,than,He runs less fast than me.,表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。,the more.,the more,The more you read,the better you understand.,The sooner,the better,the more.the more,意为“越,越,”,，从句在前主句在后，这两个,the,都修饰表示程度的副词，用在形容词或副词比较级的前面；若句意明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。,.,特殊形式状语从句,that,Im pretty sure,（,that,）,hell agree.,Im sorry(that)I didnt have time to write you.,I am afraid that I cant go with you.,that,引导的从句，往往跟在一个作表语的形容词后面，从概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。,【,考点一,】,考查,while,，,when,和,as,as,when,引导的从句中用短暂性动词。,Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.,当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用,when,引导，不可用,as,或,while,。,When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.,从句表示“随时间推移”连词可用,as,，不用,when,或,while,。,As the day went on,the weather got worse.,when,还含有“,at that moment”,的意思（,=and then,），引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用,as,while,来替换。,They had just arrived home when it began to rain.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.,（,2009,福建）,A.when B.while C.after D.since,解析：选,A,。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是“这时”。,【,考点二,】,考查,until,和,till,(1),两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时”，动词,必须是延续性的；用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事”，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，,until,和,till,也可用,before,代替。正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。,He waited until/till we finished our meal.,I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.,(2)until,引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但,till,从句一般不放在句首。,Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.,(3),否定句可用另外两种句式表示。,not until.,在句首时，主句用倒装。,Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.,not until,用在强调句中，构成“,It is/was not until.that.”,强调句型。,It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.,【,考点三,】,考查,because,，,since,，,as,和,for,(1)because,语气最强，用来回答,why,的提问，放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用,because,：,在回答,why,的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被,not,所否定时。,You want to know why Im leaving.Im leaving because Im full.,It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.,I didnt like the job because Im bad-paid.,(2),表示已经知道的原因时用,as,或,since,，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。,since,要比,as,正式一些。,Since you dont understand,I will explain it again.,(3)for,的语气不及,because,since,as,强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。,Its morning now,for the birds are singing.,【,考点四,】,考查“一,就,”,结构,英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一,就,”,，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。这些词（短语）归纳起来，主要有以下几类：,名词类：主要有,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,the day,等。,The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.,The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.,He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.,副词类：主要有,immediately,directly,instantly,once,等。,Once he arrives,we can start.,Immediately he came I told him the news.,句型类：主要有,no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when,。若将,no sooner,hardly,，,scarcely,置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。,We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.,=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.,She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.,=Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.,【,考点五,】,考查,though,的用法,though conj.,虽然；尽管（不与,but,连用，但可以跟,yet,still,连用）；也可用作副词（在句尾），表示“然而”。,Though we are poor,we are still happy.,He promised to phone.I heard nothing,though.,as/though,引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。,Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.,Much as/though I like it,I dont want to buy it.,Try as/though he might,he wouldnt succeed.,as though=as if,；,even though=even if,You sound as though/if youve caught a cold.,Even though/if we achieve great successes in our work,we should not be conceited.,【,难点一,】,几种特殊句型结构的区别,用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。,The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time _ we meet them again.,Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.,It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.,It was some time _ we realized the truth.,解析：下列的,It,句型表示的含义各不相同：,(1)“It is/was+,时刻,+when,从句”表示“某事发生时是什么时候”。,(2)“It is/has been+,时间段,+since,从句”表示“自从,以来有多长时间了”。,(3)“It will/would be+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“还要过多长时间,才,”,。,(4)“It will/would not be+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“过不了多长时间,就会,”,。,(5)“It was+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“过了多长时间才,”,。,(6)“It was not+,时间段,+before,从句”表示“没过多长时间就,”,。,所以，第题考查的是句型：,It will/would be+,时间段,+before,从句。第题考查的是句型：,It is/was+,时刻,+when,从句。第题考查的是句型：,It is/has been+,时间段,+since,从句；第考查的是句型：,It was+,时间段,+before,从句。,温馨提示：,注意下面两句话的含义。,It is five years since I lived in Jinan.,自从我不住在济南以来已经,5,年了。,It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.,自从我住在济南以来已经,5,年了。,【,难点二,】,状语从句中的时态,用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。,She will get married when she _(meet)the right man.,We wont climb up the mountain until rain _(stop).,解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，空白处填,meets,。第题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，空白处填,has stopped,。,【,难点三,】only if,和,if only,用,only if,或,if only,完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。,_you study hard,you will pass the test.,_ I had wings,I would be able to travel around the world easily.,解析：,only if,引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；,if only,引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿,”,，“要是,就好了”。所以第题填,Only if,，第题,If only,。,1.Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal.(2010,全国,),A.so that B.although C.while D.as if,解析：选,C,。句意为：当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候，,Mary,做了咖啡。,so that,以便，表示目的；,although,尽管，虽然，表让步；,as if,好像，,while,当,的时候。,2.The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.(2010,全国,),A.or B.unlessC.but D.whether,解析：选,B,。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。,or,或者，表示选择；,unless,除非，表示条件；,but,但是，表示转折；,whether,是否。根据句意选择,B,。,3._ you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.(2010,上海,),A.However a serious problem,B.What a serious problem,C.However serious a problem,D.What serious a problem,解析：选,C,。句意为：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。,however,表示让步时其顺序应是：,however+,形容词,+,主语,+,谓语。,however,作连接副词，相当于,no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管”，引导让步状语从句。,4._ our manager objects to Toms joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.(2010,上海,),A.Until B.Unless C.If D.After,解析：选,B,。句意为：除非我们经理反对,Tom,加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。,unless,除非等于,if not,。,5.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives,_ they have the interest.(2010,安徽,),A.wherever B.whenever C.even if D.as if,解析：选,C,。句意为：工程师们非常繁忙，即使（,even if,）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。,6.Just use this room for the time being,and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.(2010,安徽,),A.as soon as B.unless C.as far as D.until,解析：选,A,。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给你换。,as soon as,一,就,，符合语境。,7.Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(2010,湖南,),A.if B.even though C.unlessD.as long as,解析：选,B,。考查连词。句意为：,Tim,身材很好，尽管他不怎么锻炼。,8.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.(2010,辽宁,),A.although B.unless C.because D.if,解析：选,C,。句意为：这位老人叫,Lucy,挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，所以用,because,引导原因状语从句。,although,引导让步状语从句，,unless,和,if,引导条件状语从句。,9.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,_ accompanied by an adult.(2010,山东,),once B.when C.if D.unless,解析：选,D,。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词,+,过去分词”结构。,10.John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(2010,陕西,),A.when B.after C.before D.since,解析：选,C,。考查状语从句。“,It,（,will,）,be+,时间段,+,状语从句”是固定句型，意思是：过多久才,。,11.When shall we restart our business?,Not until we _ our plan.(2010,四川,),A.will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished,解析：选,D,。句意为：,我们的生意何时重新开张？,直到完成我们的计划。在时间状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。此处为,until,引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。,12.Because of the heavy traffic,，,it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office.(2010,四川,),A.since B.that C.when D.until,解析：选,C,。句意为：因为交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。此处应为,when,引导的时间状语从句。,13.Today,we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.(2010,重庆,),A.when B.where C.how D.what,解析：选,B,。句意为：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。,where,引导地点状语从句。,14.How long do you think it will be _ we finish this dictionary?(2010,山东省,5,月高考模拟考试,),A.after B.before C.when D.since,解析：选,B,。“,It will(not)be/was(not)+,时间,+before+,从句”是固定句型，表示“过多长时间或过不了多长时间就,”,。,15._ the news,so far,has been good,there may be bad days ahead.(2010,山东省济南市高三第二次模拟考试,),A.WhenB.WhileC.If D.As,解析：选,B,。句意为：尽管到目前为止这个消息是好的，但前面可能有糟糕的时候。,while,表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。,16.How can you expect your children to be truthful _ you yourself tell lies.(2010,潍坊市,5,月高三适应性训练,),A.whenB.unlessC.thoughD.while,解析：选,A,。句意为：既然你都撒谎，又怎么期待你的孩子们诚实呢？,when,在这里表示让步，可意为“既然”或“在,情况下”。,17._ it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in the cities,some people think it should be limited.(2010,临沂市,5,月高三模拟考试,),A.BecauseB.OnceC.WhenD.While,解析：选,C,。句意为：当提到城市中的摩托车数量增加的时候，有人认为应该限制。,when,表示“当,时候”。,18.The other day,I remember,_ I bought the dress,I met my boss in the shopping mall.(2010,淄博市高三模拟考试,),A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where,解析：选,A,。句意为：我记得前几天，我买这条裙子时在商场里遇到了老板。此处,when,引导时间状语从句。,19.You could see the runners very well from _ we stood.(2010,合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测,),A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when,解析：选,B,。句意为：从我们站的那个地方你可以清楚地看到选手。,where,引导地点状语从句。,20.How long have Mr.White and his wife been married?,Its 8 years _ they got married.(2010,皖南八校联考,),A.since B.whenC.after D.before,解析：选,A,。“,It is/has been,时间段,since(did)”,表示“做某事多长时间了”。,
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