黑龙江省宝泉岭地区高三英语 虚拟语气 语法讲解 新课标 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气 语法讲解,英语动词有三种语气:,陈述语气,，,祈使语气,和,虚拟语气,陈述语气,：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。,祈使语气,：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。,虚拟语气,：,表示说话人的所说的话,不是事实,，,一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在,条件从句,中或,让步状语从句,中)；,一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在,宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,)。,Eg,:We met in this room.,陈述语气,Do come to the meeting next Friday.,祈使语气,If I were you,I would study hard.,虚拟语气,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,.,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。,真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。,非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。,If it is fine tomorrow,I will go to visit my grandma.,If I were a bird,I would fly to America.,一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,与现在事实相反的假设,与过去相反的假设,与将来相反的假设,虚拟条件句,主句,If+,主语+动词的过去式（动词,be,用,were,),主语+,should,would,might,could,动词原形,If+,主语+,had+,过去,分词,主语,should,would,might,couldhave,+,过去分词,1、,If+,主语+动词过去式,2、,If+,主语+,were to+,动词原形,3、,If+,主语+,should+,动词原形,主语,should,would,might,could,动词原形,If I,were,you,I,would give,AIDS patient a hug.,If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt have made,a mistake.,If it,should rain,tomorrow,they,wouldnt go,for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了,。,If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你,。,If it,were,sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,与现在事实相反,If I were you,I would go at once.,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,I,would,buy an expensive,car,.,I,would,buy a villa.,I,would,travel around the,world.,If I,won the lottery,现在时相反,If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.,had had,would have gone,过去时相反,If he,_,more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday,.,had driven,would not have had,Mark:100,I _,a party for you.,should get,If you,_,_,_,got,Were to get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,PRACTICE 1,:,Fill in the blanks,.,a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.,b.If the world-war _(break)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?,c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room now,it _(be)very dangerous.,d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 2:,Fill in the blanks,e.If Tom,_,(be)more careful in the,exam,he,_ _,(pass)it already.,f.If you,(get)up earlier,you,_ _,(catch)the first train.,g.If I,_,(meet)you yesterday,we,_ _,(go)to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,had met,would have gone,PRACTICE 3:,Fill in the blanks,If there,(be)no natural,resource any more,we,_,(make),use of nuclear power.,b.What,_,(happen)if you,_,(get up)too late tomorrow?,should be,would make,would happen,should get up,高考链接,-,If he _,he _ that food.,-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately(93,全国）,A was warned,would not take,B had been warned,would not have taken,C would be warned,had not taken,D would have been warned,had not taken,If it _ tomorrow,we _ put off the visit to the,Yangpu,Bridge.(94,上海）,A rains,would have had to,B were to rain,will have to,C should rain,would have to,D rained,should have had to,注意,1.,省略,if,的条件从句,当从句中有,were,had,或,should,时，可省略,if,，,而把它们放在,句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行,全部倒装或部分倒装,。,If I,were to,meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.,Were,I to meet him tomorrow,If he,should fail,in the experiment this time,he would try again.,Should,he fail in the experiment,Practice 1,1.If I were you,I would give it up.,_,I would give it up.,2.If it were not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,_,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,Were I you,Were it not for your advice,3.If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.,_,I would have run round that lake again.,4.If there should be a flood,what should we do?,_,what should we do?,Had I had time,Should there be a flood,高考链接,_,for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.(95,上海）,A If it is not,B Were it not,C Had it not been,D If they were not,2,错综条件虚拟语气,条件,从句谓语,动词发生的,时间,与主句所假设的谓语动词,不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。,If you had followed my advice,you would be better,now,.,If you had studied hard,before,you would be a college student,now,.,If you had spoken to him,last time,you saw him,you would know what to do,now,.,Practice 1,1.you _(follow)the teachers advice,you _(be)in the hospital now.,2.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he_our,chairman now.,A)must,have been,B)would,have been,C)were,D)would,be,If I had worked harder at school,I _ in a comfortable office now.,A.would have sat B.had sat,C.would be sitting D.would sits,wouldnt be,had followed,高考链接,It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven,with the Library in my hometown.(97,上海）,A wouldnt have fallen,B had not fallen,C should fall,D were to fall,3 由,介词,或,介词,短语暗示的虚拟结构,常见的介词或介词短语有,without(,没有,),but for(,要不是,),Eg,:,Without,electricity,human life would be quite difficult today.,=If there were no electricity,Without,his advice,I couldnt have done it all by myself.,=If it hadnt been for his advice,But for,your help,I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment.,=If it,hadnt been,for your help,But for,the meeting,I would have gone to your party last Saturday.,=If it,hadnt been for,the meeting,Practice:,1.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.,A is B will be C would have been D would be,2.We _ the work on time without your help.,A hadnt had finished B didnt have finished,C couldnt have finished D cant have finished,3.Without sunlight,or water or air,there _ no life on the earth.,A will have B would be C should be D must be,4 But for the snow,we _ earlier.,A will arrive B should have arrived,C arrive D arrived,5 Without the leadership of the Party,there _ no New China.,A would be B has been C was D should be,高考链接,Without the air to hold some of the suns heat,the earth at night _,too cold for us to live.,A would be freezing cold,B will be freezing coldly,C would be frozen cold,D can freeze coldly,4 由,并列连词或副词,暗示的虚拟结构,常见的并列连词或副词有,but,or,otherwise(,要不然,),Eg,:I would have gone to America with my friend,but,I was stopped by my mother.,=If I,hadnt been stopped,I would have gone to your party,but,you didnt invite me.,=I would have gone to your party,(if you,had invited,me),but you didnt invite me.,Yesterday he didnt join in our discussion,or,I would have told him about it.,=If he,had joined,in our discussion yesterday,I was ill that day,or,I would have taken part in the sports meet.,=I was ill that day,or I would have taken part in the sports meet(if I,hadnt been,ill that day.,He didnt get earlier this morning,.Otherwise,he would have caught in first bus.,=If he,got up,earlier this morning,He remained very calm,otherwise he would have been found out.,=he remained very calm,otherwise,he would have been found out(if he,hadnt remained,very calm.),Practice:,1 Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.,A have told B tell C be telling D having told,2-Are you thinking about going to,Dalian,for the vacation?,-No,but if I _ time,I _ very glad to go there.,A have,will be B had had,would have been,C had,would be D had had,would be,3-Would you have told him the answer,if possible?,-Yes,I would have,but I _ very busy.,A had been B were C was D would be,4.I told Sally how to go there,but perhaps I _ for her.,A had to write it out,B must have written it out,C should have written it out,D ought to writhe it out,5.We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.,A must have studied B might study,C should have studied D would study,6.-Where have you been?,-I got caught in traffic,_ I could have been here soon.,A otherwise B however C though D anyway,7.I would have gone there with you but I _ too tired then.,A were B had been C was D have been,8.John was very busy last week,otherwise,he _ to attend the meeting.,A would have come B would come,C should come D must be,高考链接,Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.(96,上海）,A had said B said,C might say D might have said,二 其他句型中的虚拟语气,虚拟语气用于宾语从句中,Wish,的宾语从句,现在：,过去：,未来,：,过去时（,were）,过去完成时,would/could/,might+V,.,I wish I,were,a bird,I wish I,hadnt made,such a mistake,We wish our parents,wouldnt punish,us.,I wish I,were,as tall as you.,I wish I,became,as famous as,Yao,Ming.,I wish I,were,a bird.,I wish I,could,fly like a bird.,I wish every day,were,my birthday.,现在时,He wish he,hadnt,eaten so much watermelon.,I wish the lunch time,would come,soon.,I wish it,would,rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,Practice,1 He is not a pilot,but he wishes he_(be).,2.I wish I _(meet)him yesterday.,3.I wish it _(be)fine tomorrow.,4.A:You have made some mistakes.,B:I wish I _mistakes every day.,dont make,B.havent made,C.wouldnt have made,D.didnt make,were,had met,would be,2.I wish they _ in this ball game.,A would be succeeded B would be,succeessful,C had been success D had been succeeded,3.He wished he _ more about the subject,so he could talk about it.,A had known B knew C would know D knows,4.How I wish I _ a doctor,and _ the dying girl.,A am,can save B was,saved,C were,could save D will be,will save,5.-What shall we do next?-I wish that Bill _ here.If he _ here,he would tell us what to do.,A has been,has been B would be,would be,C were,were D is,is,6.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!,A has B had C will have D had had,7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.,A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,高考链接,Its hard to say,but I wish I _.,A:has not studied computer,B.did study computer,C.had studied computer,D.studied computer,2常见以下动词之后的宾语从句，,表示要求，命令，建议,动词：,一个,坚持，,两个,命令,，,三个,建议,，,四个,要求,。,1,.,insist,2.,order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose,4.demand,require,request,desire,should+,动词原形,，或者将,should,省略,。,我们建议,Tom,去休息一下。,他坚决要求我到场。,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom,(,should)have,a rest.,He insisted that I,(should)be,present.,The king ordered that the prisoners,(should)be killed,the next day.,They requested that we,(should)send,them to work there.,注意：,suggest,当表示,“暗示、表明,“讲时，,insist,表示”,坚持认为,“之意时，应用陈述语气。,Eg,:,The smile on his face suggested that he,was satisfied with,our work.,The man insisted that he,had never stolen,the money.,Practice:,I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible.,A should sent to B should be sent,C be sent to D must be sent to,2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.,A be raised B would be raised,C raised D raise,3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A obeys,B obey C will obey D would obey,4.Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.,A be,should have B was,have,C should be,had D was,has,5.-Do you know where he comes from?,-No,but his accent suggests that he _ from the south.,A was B should be C is D were,6 The situation required that China _ its door to the outside world.,A must open B should open,C have to open D has to open,3,.,Would rather that,宁愿,现在：,过去：,未来：,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather you,had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,would prefer,would sooner,表示一种,希望,和,委婉,的责备。,Eg,:I would prefer he,didnt stay,there too long next week.,我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久,。,I would just soon you,had returned,the book yesterday.,我宁愿你昨天把这本书还了,。,Practice:,1“Jane wants to see you tomorrow.”,“I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.,A comes B should come C come D came,2.She would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes.,A cost,not B to spare,dont,C pay,than D spend,than,3 Dont come this afternoon,Id rather you _ tomorrow.,A come B to come C came D will come,三,.,用于主语从句中,1.,It is,necessary,important,strange,natural,impossible,/,surprising,+,that,从句。,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词,原形,，,should,可以,省略,。,Eg,:,It is,necessary,that you(,should,),clean,the room after work.,It is,important,that we(,should,)master a foreign language.,It is,strange,that she,（,should,）,refuse to come to the party.,2.,It is,suggesteddesired,/,ordered/requested/,proposed/demanded,that,从句,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词,原形,，,should,可以,省略,Eg,:,It is,suggested,that the meeting,(should),be put off.,It is,ordered,that the work,(should),be done at once.,3.It is a,pity,a,shame,no,wonder,+that,从句,从句,中的,谓语动词,用,should,+,动词,原形,，,should,可以省略,省略,eg,:It is,a pity,that he should be so careless.,真可惜他竟然如此粗心,Practice:,1.It is natural that he _ so.,A thinks B think C thought D will think,2 It is strange that we _ short of water in the country where it was always raining.,A are B be C should be D both A and B,3 It was necessary that he _ about what had happened.,A be told B was told C should tell D tell,4.Its a pity Mr.Zhang isnt here.If he _,my parents would be happier.,A comes B has come C came D had come,5 It is necessary that we _ a foreign language.,A must master B ought to master,C mastered D should master,考题点击：,1.,Is it necessary that he _ the examination?,A.takes,B.has to take,C.must takeD.take,2.It is strange that he _ you this.,A.would tell,B.should tell,C.had told,D.has told,四用语表语从句和同位语从句,在,suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/demand,等名词后的表语和同位语从句中,要用,“,should,动词原形”,should,可以省略,Eg,:My,idea,is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.,My,suggestion,that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that,suggestion,that the meeting(should)be put off.,Practice:,1 My suggestion is that she _ more exercise,which will do a lot of good to her.,A takes B must take C take D took,2 My idea is that we _ to our plan.,A must stick B ought to stick C should stick D will stick,3 What do you think of the suggestion that she _ at the meeting last week?,A should make B make C made D A or B,4.The professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6.,A was finished B will finish,C be finished D shall be finished,5.She made a demand that the reporters _ at once _ Japan.,A leave,for B leave,to,C left,to D to be left,for,考题点击：,His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.,A.try B.tries,C.must try D.can try,五、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is(high/about)time that,“,到做,-,的时间了,.”,注意,:,should,不能省略,过去时,should+V,原,.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,2.If only,引导的感叹句,“,要是该有多好啊,”,用法与,wish,相同,Eg,:,If only I,knew,the answer!,If only I,had seen,the film,yesterday!,“好象,”,3.,as,if/though,+Clause,与现在事实相反,用过去式,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,过去完成式,Would/could/might+,动词原形,1)as if/as though,连接表语从句,He talks as if he knew where she,was,.,He looked,as if,he,hadnt slept,for two days.,2)as if/as though,连接状语从 句,She looked after the boy,as if,he,were,her own son.,He speaks to us,as if,he,had been,there.,注意：如果表示的事情,可能会发生,，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用,陈述语气,。,Eg,:It looks as if you,are,tired.,4.,在,In case,for fear that,和,lest,“,万一；惟恐,;,以免”,引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用,should+,动词原形,should,可省略,.,Eg,:I darent tell you what he did,for fear that,he should be angry with.,In case,I should fail,I would try again,I will not read aloud the book,lest,I should disturb you.,5.so that,与,in order that“,为了,”,二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用,can/could/might/might,+,动词原形,注意,:,当主句是现在时,从句中用,can/could/might/might,都可以,当主句 是过去时,从句只能用,could,might,We got up early so that/in order that we _(,赶上头班车,).,She stayed at home for a few days so that,/in order that she _,her sick mother.(,照顾