Feminist criticism.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Feminist Criticism,女性主义批评（女权主义批评）,By,李珍玲,1.Definition,2.Historical development,3.Geographical strains of feminism(Genres),4.Conclusion,1.Definition,Feminist criticism,is a literary criticism informed by feminist theory,or by the politics of feminism more broadly.In the most general and simple terms,feminist literary criticism before the 1970sin the first and second waves of feminismwas concerned with the politics of womens authorship and the representation of womens condition within literature.Since the development of more complex conceptions of gender and subjectivity and the third wave-feminism,feminist literary criticism has taken a variety of new routes.,2.Historical Development,According to feminist criticism,the roots of prejudice against women have long been embedded in Western culture.,a,.Such gender discrimination may have begun,say some feminists,with the biblical narrative that places the blame for the fall of humanity on Eve,not Adam.,b,.Then the ancient Greeks.Aristotle-“the male is by nature superior,and the female inferior;and the one rules and the other is ruled.”.,c,.In,The Descent of Man,(1871),Darwin announces that women are of a“characteristic of a past and lower state of civilization”.,d,.In the,late 1700s,a faint voice crying in the wilderness in opposition to such patriarchal and defaming opinions against women arose and began to be heard.Believing that women along with men should have a voice in the public arena,Mary Wollstonecraft,authored,A Vindication of the Rights of Women,(1792)(,女权辩,).Women,she maintained,must stand up for their rights and not allow their male-dominated society to define what it means to be a woman.,e,.But it was not until the Progressive Era of the early 1900s,however,that the major roots of feminist criticism began to grow.,f,.Virginia,Woolf,and Simone de,Beauvoir,(the first-wave feminist criticism),In 1919,the British scholar and teacher,Virginia,Woolf,(1882-1941)laid the foundation for present-day feminist criticism in her seminal work,A Room of Ones Own,自己的房间,.,(story about Shakespeares sister),With the 1949 publication of,The Second Sex,第二性,by the French writer,Simone de,Beauvoir,(1908-1986),however,feminist interests were once again surfacing.(the foundation work of twentieth-century feminism),g,.Kate,Millett,Feminism in 1960s and 1970s,Elaine Showalter(The second-wave feminist criticism),With the advent of 1960s and its political activism and social concerns,feminist issues found new voices,and prominent among them is,Kate,Millett,.With her publication of,Sexual Politics,性别政治,in 1969,a new wave of feminism begins.,Then throughout the 1960s and 1970s,moving from the political to the literary arena,feminist critics began to examine the traditional literary canon and discovered example after example of male dominance and prejudice that supported,Beauvoirs,and,Milletts,assertion that males considered the female“the other”,an unnatural or deviant being.,The dominating voice of feminist criticism throughout the,1980s,is that of,Elaine Showalter,.In her text,A Literature of Their Own,她们自己的文学,(1977),Showalter chronicles what she believes to be the three historical phrases of evolution in female writing.The“,feminine,”phrase(1840-1880),the“,feminist,”phrase(1880-1920),and the“,female,”phrase(1970-present).,3.Geographical Strains of Feminism(Genres),Physical geography plays a great part in determining the major interests of various voices of feminist criticism.,American feminism,:essentially textual,stressing repression;Annette,Kolodny,Sandra Gilbert and Susan,Gubar,.,British feminism,:essentially Marxist,stressing oppression;,French feminism,:essentially psychoanalytic,stressing repression;,4.Conclusion,Although feminist critics idea concerning the directions of their criticism vary,feminists possess,a collective identity,:they are women(and some men)who are struggling to discover who they are,how they arrived at their present situation,and where they are going.,