非谓语动词(分词).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语二级考试语法重点,讲解,练习,重点,一.动词虚拟语气,二.非谓语动词,三.名词从句,四.定语从句,五.状语从句,六.主语和谓语的一致,七.倒装句,八.情态动词,九.强调,1.形式,分词有两类：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形,ing,构成。过去分词分规则变化与不规则变化两种。规则变化由动词原形,ed,构成；不规则变化无一定规律，需熟记。,分词的否定形式：,not,分词,分词的时态和语态,现在分词,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,writing,being written,完成式,having written,having been written,过去分词,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,_,written,1.,现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：,They stood at the west end of the bridge,talking and waiting.,Having watered the vegetables,they went home.,The question being discussed is very important.,Having been given a map,we found our way home easily.(,由于,),2.,过去分词只有一般式，表示被动和完成的意义。例如：,The four other directions shown on the compass are northeast,southeast,southwest and northwest.,3.,用法：,现在分词和过去分词在句中的作用大致相同。不同点在于现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示的动作正在进行而过去分词表示的动作已经完成。,分词的主要用法如下：,1,）作定语,单个分词作定语，一般放在它所修饰的名词前。例如：,exciting stories excited spectators,developing countries developed countries,分词短语作定语，一般放在它所修饰的名词后，其作用相当于一定语从句。例如：,He wore the new clothed provided by his friends.,The soldiers guarding the castle all wore kilts.,2),作表语。例如：,The film is interesting.,He seemed interested in what was going on around,him.,3),作宾语补足语。常见的带分词作宾语补足语的动词有：,see,watch,find,hear,feel,get,have,等。例如：,Joe saw his classmates delivering newspaper.,Im glad to see my book published.,His father found him reading a detective story.,When she entered the room,she found his vase broken.,4),作状语,a.,时间状语（相当于,when,while,after,等引导的时间状语从句）。例如：,Living in the countryside,(=When we lived in the countryside),we had few amusements.,Having made the robot(=After he had made the robot),he wanted to test its powers.,Seen from a distance(=When it is seen from a distance),the mountain look like an,elphant,.,b.,原因状语（相当于,as,since,because,等引导的原因状语从句）。例如：,Not knowing what to do(=As she didnt know what to do),the woman telephoned the police.,Praised by the teacher(=As he was praised by the teacher),he was determined to study harder.,c.,条件状语（相当于,if,引导的条件状语从句）。例如：,Adding it all up(=If we add it all up),well find the answer.,Given more time(=If I had been given more time),I could have done it better.,d.,伴随、方式及结果状语（这种用法没有相应的状语从句可以代替）。例如：,We threw our arms around each other,jumping with joy.,He sailed for England,leaving his wife and child behind.,The teacher sat there,surrounded by his students.,注；分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。例如：,站在白云山顶，可以俯瞰整个广州城。,Standing at the top of,Baiyun,Mountain,the whole city of Guangzhou can be seen.,Standing at the top of,Baiyun,Mountain,one can see the whole city of Guangzhou.(,正,),独立分词结构,分词的逻辑上的主语与主句的主语不一致时，就需要添加分词的主语。分词和它自己这个独立的逻辑主语结合在一起，构成一个短语，放在句首或句末作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等，这个短语就叫做独立分词结构。例如：,Spring coming on,the trees turn green.,The question(being)settled,we went back to our work.,It being Sunday,we decided to go for an outing.,Ill come,weather permitting.,练习,(finish)the report,I handed it to John,but he said that Peter was the person to send it to.,2.(suffer)from life pressure,many people have to go all out to work until they are tired out.,(not satisfy)with his report,the boss told John to write it all over again.,1.,Having finished,Suffering,3.,Not being satisfied,4.(frighten)by the explosion,we all rushed out of the hall.,5.(break)Annies glass,I apologized to her.,(not publish)enough articles,Mr.Smith was refused promotion in his academic title.,7.(be)sick,the boy didnt go to school that day.,Frightened,Having,broken,6.,Not,having,published,Being,8.We walked as fast as we could,(hope)to catch the 9:30 train.,9.(have)a good rest,the tourists felt quite refreshed.,10.(heat),the metal expands.,11.(work)hard all day,I was ready for bed by 8 oclock.,hoping,Having,had,Heated,Having,worked,