偶走文化入门.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Short Answer Questions&Word Explanation,1.What are the major elements in European culture?,European culture is made up of many elements.Two of these elements are considered to be the most enduring:the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.,2.Why is the middle ages called“the Age of Faith”?,During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep order.,The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.,Christianity took the lead in politics,law,art,and learning for hundreds of years.So,the middle ages is also called“,the Age of Faith,”,3.What is,the“,Pax,Romana,”?,In the year 27 B.C.,Octavius,took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.Two centuries later,the Roman Empire reached its greatest extent.The emperors mainly relied on a strong army-the famous Roman Legions and an influential bureaucracy to exert their rules.Thus the Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting 200 years.This remarkable phenomenon in the history is known as,Pax,Romana,.,4.What is the“Code of Chivalry”?,In the Middle Ages of western Europe,as a knight,he was pledged to,protect the weak;,fight for the church;,be loyal to his lord;,respect women of noble births.,These rules were known as,Code of Chivalry.,5.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?,The starting place of the Renaissance is Italy,especially the city of,Florence,.,Because of its geographic position,foreign trade developed early in Italy.This brought Italy into contact with other countries and gave rise to urban economy and helped Italy to accumulate wealth which was an essential factor for the flowering of art and literature.,6.What is the aim of the Reformation?,This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.,7.What were the two merits shared by the great scientists of the 17,th,century?,Scientists in the 17th century showed boldness in framing hypotheses.They had the courage to challenge the deep-rooted beliefs.,They all had immense patience in observation.They drew conclusions on the basis of patient observation and careful collection of facts.,8.Why is the Enlightenment also called“the Age of Reason”?,The Enlightenment characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice,unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State.Therefore it is sometimes called“,the Age of Reason”.,9.What do you know about“,Calvinism,”?,The French theologian John Calvin who put his theological thoughts in his,Institutes of the Christian Religion,which was called as Calvinism.,Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Gods will,holding that only those specially elected by God are saved.Its belief was that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation.Calvinism was one of the main courses of the capitalism spirit.,10.What do you know about Realism?,“Realism”is used to identify a literary movement in Europe and the U.S in the last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century and had its origin in France.,The Realist movement centered in the novel and lay emphasis on fidelity to actual experience.The realists wanted a truthful representation in their works of contemporary life and manners.,11.Gothic,The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.It flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century.,The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque,but it was given direction by a different aesthetic and philosophical spirit and reflected a much more ordered feudal society with full confidence.,12.Baroque Art,As the main style of art of the 17th century,Baroque art flourished first in Italy,and then spread to other parts of Europe.,It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and,colour,.,