Great-Scientists.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1 Great Scientists,Do you know?,Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,Archimedes,Charles Darwin,Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas Newcomen,Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?,Gregor Mendel,Who discovered radium?,Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,Maries Curie,Thomas Edison,Leonardo da Vinci,Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?,Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Sir Humphrey Davy,Zhang Heng,Stephen Hawking,Do you know?,发明蒸汽机的并不是,瓦特,，他是改进,纽可门,的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。,1865,年，修士,孟德尔,在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。,35,年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在,35,年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。,英国化学家、诗人,汉弗莱,戴维。,1778,年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到,20,岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。,1798,年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（,1816,），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。,归纳总结,conclude,vi,.&,vt,.,，,conclude sth.with sb.,就某事与某人达成协议,(2)conclusion,n,.,结束；结论,in conclusion,最后；总之,arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion,得出结论,come to a conclusion that.,所得结论是,推断，断定；结束；造,成；缔结,(1)conclude,sth.(from sth.),(from sth.)that.,推断出，断定,conclude sth.,with sth.,by doing sth.,以,结束,归纳总结,defeat,vt.,打败；难住；阻挠；,n.,失败,辨析,defeat,beat,win“,赢”,(1)defeat,和,beat,都可接,sb.,作宾语，一般可以互,换，其宾语通常是,“,人,”,或,“,一个团体,”,，如,a,team,a class,a school,an army,等。,defeat,还可用于指在战争中,“,击败,”,敌军或入侵者。,(2)win,后接,sth.,如,game,war,prize,love,respect,等；后接,sb.,时表示,“,争取某人,”,。,Do you know what did this map was used for in 1854?,Finding out the cause of Cholera.,Who defeats“King Cholera“?,What happened in 1854?,How many people died in 10 days?,Why is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?,John Snow,Cholera outbreak hit London.,500,These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.,Task 1:Skim and Scan,归纳总结,expose,vt.,暴露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受,expose sth.,显露或露出某事物,expose sth./sb./oneself(to sth.),显露或暴露某人,/,某事物,/,自己,exposed,adj,.,（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的,be exposed to,暴露于,exposure n.,显露，暴露；揭露，揭发,The clever girl,absorbed,all the knowledge the teacher taught her.,absorb v.,Water,absorbs,oxygen.,(,吸收,),(,理解，接受,),(,吸引注意力，兴趣等,),(,并入，吞并,),The book,absorbed,his attention.,The small towns were,absorbed,into the big city.,be absorbed in,被吸引，专心于,，全神贯注于,The little girl,was absorbed in,reading a tale.,The students,are absorbed in,their books.,She suspected him of taking her money.,suspect v.,sb of(doing)sth,怀疑某人做了某事,I suspect him to be a doctor.,2)sb to be,认为某人是,3)that+,从句,I suggest that he(should)give up smoking.,suggest v.,建议：,that,（句中使用,should+do,的形式表示虚拟语气）,The survey suggests that we have more things to do for the poor children.,2),暗示,3)suggest+doing sth.,提议做某事,Mom suggests leaving early for the airport.,归纳总结,blame vt.,责备；把,归咎于,;,n,.,过失；责备,1),blame sb.for sth./doing sth.,因为某事责备某人,/,责备某人做了某事,2)blame sth.on sb,.,把某事归咎于某人,3),be to blame(for),应（为,）承担责任；该（为,）受责备,（不能用被动语态）,4)accept/bear/take the blame for sth,.,对某事负责任,5)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.,将某事归咎于某人,link to,把,与,连接；联系,The fingerprints,linked,the suspect,to,the crime.,be linked to,连接到,About 2 billion dollars will,be linked to,the business plans.,be linked with,与,连接,Our grades,are linked with,the final exam.,announce,宣布；通过,1)sth(to sb),(,向某人,),宣布某事,The chairman announce the results to everybody.,It is announced that the superstar will get married.,2)that,宣布,The CEO announced that he would retire.,3)It is/was ed that+,从句,据宣传,1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?,2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?,Neither its cause,not its cure was understood.,People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.,Task 2:Read and answer,3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _.,A.gathering information with the help of a map,B.looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street,C.separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt,D.both A and B,4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again,what did John Snow do?,Suggested that,the source of all water,supplies,be examine.,Suggested that,new methods,of dealing with polluted water be found.,Instructed,the water companies,not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.,Mind Map of the text,John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”,Paragraph 1:Introduction of John Snow and Cholera,Paragraph 2:Two theory,Find a Problem:What cause the cholera?,Make a question:Which is right?,Paragraph 3-5:Study of the breakout in 1854,Paragraph 3:Study of the breakout in 1854,Think of a method:Test two theory,Collect the result:Mark the death,Analyse the result:Reason for death and no death,Paragraph 4:Study of the breakout in 1854,Paragraph 5:Study of the breakout in 1854,Analyse the result:Find the resource of the water,Repeat if necessary:Find more evidence.,Draw a conclusion:Cholera was spread by germ,Polluted water carried cholera,Paragraph 6:Prevention of Cholera,John Snow defeat King Cholera,