被动语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态,一、什么是语态？,语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和,谓语动词之间的关系。,二、语态的种类：,（1）主动语态 （2）被动语态,三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？,四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）,be+,及物,动词的过去分词,can/may/must+,be,+,过去分词,am/is/are+,及物动词过去分词,一般现在时,2),has/have+been+,及物动词过去分词,现在完成时,3)am/is/are+being+,及物动词过去分词,现在进行时,4)was/were+,及物动词过去分词,一般过去时,5)had+been+,及物动词过去分词,过去完成时,Visitors,are asked,not to touch the exhibits.(,展品）,All the preparations for the task,have been completed,A new cinema,is being built,here,I,was given,ten minutes to decide.,By the end of last year,another new gym,had been completed,in Beijing.,6)was/were+being+,及物动词过去分词,过去进行时,7)shall/will+be+,及物动词过去分词,一般将来时,8）,should/would+be+,及物动词过去分词,过去将来时,被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构,其形式为：情态动词,be,过去分词。,A meeting,was being held,when I was there.,Hundreds of jobs,will be lost,if the factory closes.,The news,would be sent,to the soldiers mother,as soon as it arrived.,The baby,can be taken good care of,by the baby-sitter.,2）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如,believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think,等可以用于句型,“,Itbe,过去分词,that,从句”,=“,主语,be,过去分词,to do,sth,.”。,有：,It is said that,据说,It is reported that,据报道，,It is believed that,大家相信,It is hoped that,大家希望，,It is well known that,众所周知，,It is thought that,大家认为，,It is suggested that,据建议。,It is said that the boy has passed the national exam,The boy is said to have passed the national exam,5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题,1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来,的时态。如：,She often,cleans,the house.,The house,is,often,cleaned,by her.,2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，,通常变为主语的是间接宾语（,sb.）,His mother gave,him,a present,for his birthday,He,was given a present by his mother for his birthday.,3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someone caught,the boy,smoking a cigarette(,香烟）,=The boy,was caught smoking a cigarette.,4）在使役动词,have,make,get,let,以及,感官动词,see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe,等变为被动结构时，要加,to,Someone,saw,a stranger,walk,into the building,=A stranger,was seen to walk,into the building.,5)有些相当于及物动词的,动词词组,，,如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，,也可以用于被动结构，,但要把它们看作一个整体，,不能分开,。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,The meeting,is to be put off,till Friday,The kid can be taken good care of,一、系动词,taste,smell,feel,sound,prove,等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。,2那听起来很有道理。,3那食物尝起来很可口。,These flowers smell sweet.,That sounds very reasonable.,The food tastes delicious.,二、某些与,cant wont,等连用的不及物动,词，如,move,lock,shut,open,等可用主动,形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。,2门不会关。,The box cant move.,The door wont shut.,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能,的不及物动词，如,sell,write,wash,clean,last(,耐久),wear(,耐穿),等可用主动形式表,达被动意义.如:,This kind of food sells well.,这种食物畅销。,This cloth washes well and lasts long.,这布料经洗、耐穿。,The floor doesnt clean easily.,这地板不容易弄干净。,五、形容词,worth,后面要用动名词的主,动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。,2事情值得做。,The novel is worth reading.,The thing is worth doing.,四、在动词,require,need,want,等动词之,后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。,2孩子需要照顾。,3电视机需要修理。,The trees need watering.,Children want looking after.,The TV needs mending.,六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成,动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。,他有几项任务要完成。,I have a lot of things to do.,He has several tasks to complete.,2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，,常见句型有：,n.+be+too+adj.+to do,The plane is too high to see.,2)n.+be+adj.+enough+to do,The book is cheap enough for me to buy.,3)n.+be+adj.+to do,The question is not easy to answer.,课堂练习,（一）改写句子,1.We plant trees in spring every year.,_ by us in spring every year.,2.She posted the letter yesterday.,_,by her yesterday.,3.,Mr,Turner gave me a birthday present.,_a birthday present by,Mr,Turner.,4.He is drawing a picture.,_,by him.,5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow.,_ by you tomorrow.,6.She is going to write a letter.,_,by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,A picture is being drawn,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,7.,I have given you the new book.,_ to you.,8.Her bag cannot be found by her.,_,her bag.,9.Do you often hear her sing Russian songs?,_Russian songs by you?,10.She doesnt let her son swim in the river.,_,in the river by her.,11.The bridge was being built by them at this time,last year.,_ the bridge at this time last year.,12.Does she often sing the song?,_,by her?,The new book has been given,She cannot find,Is she often heard to sing,Her son isnt let to swim,They were building,Is the song often sung,1.,If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout,to be heard even at dinner,A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to,2.The fifth generation computers,_and,perfected now.,A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed,3.-_ the sports meet might be put off -Yes，it all depends on the weather,A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4.,I need one more stamp before my collection,_.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed,5.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed,that they will disappear from the earth in the near future,.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut,6.The new bridge _ by the end of last month.,A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed,7.When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.,A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken,D,C,B,C,8.,Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.,A.have been taken place;have been set up B.have taken place;have been set upC.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up,9.That suit _ over 60 dollars,.A.had,costed,B.,costed,C.is,costed,D.cost,10.-Look!Everything here is under construction.-Whats the pretty small house that _ for?,A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building,11.-Do you like the cloth?-Yes,it _ very soft.,A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,B,D,A,C,12.,It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese,A write B to write C to be written D written,13.I have no more letters _，thank you,A to type B typing C to be typed D typed,14.Take care!Dont drop the ink on your shirt,for it _ easily.,A.wont wash out B.wont be washed out C.isnt washed out D.isnt washing out,15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because,the lights happened to _.,A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out,B,C,A,D,16.,The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.,A.belongs B.are belonged to C.belongs to D.belong to,17.-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time,.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read,18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.,A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch,19.This page needed _ again.,A.being checked B.checked C.to check D.to be checked,20._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do it.,A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching,D,C,C,D,B,