九、高三语法专项：非谓语动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,九、非谓语动词,（一）动词不定式,熟读深思,思考下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分，并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。,1.He seemed,to be sleeping,.,他好像在睡觉。,2.There are all kinds of difficulties,to be,overcome,.,有各种各样的困难要克服。,3.I,d like,to make a suggestion,.,我想提一个,建议。,4.It is of great benefit for all of us,to,do morning exercises every day,.,每天做早操,对我们大家都有益。,5.He feels it a duty,to help the disabled,in the community,.,他感到有义务帮助社会中的,残疾人。,6.I want this letter,to be opened now,!,我想,现在就将信拆开！,7.Mary often goes back to her hometown,to,visit her grandparents,.,玛丽常常回家乡看望,她的祖父祖母。,8.I often hear her,sing in English,.(,比较：,She is often heard,to sing in English,.),我,经常听到她用英语唱歌。,归纳总结,一、不定式的时态,1.,不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表,示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。,2.,不定式的进行时表示的动作与谓语动词表示的,动作同时发生。,3.,不定式的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动,作之前。,二、不定式的语态,1.,不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上,的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式；不定,式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关,系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，,不定式用主动形式；不定式作表语形容词的状,语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定,式用主动形式。,2.,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的,承受者时，一般用不定式的被动语态。,三、不定式符号,to,省略的若干场合,1.,感官动词,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,look,at,listen,to,和使役动词,have,make,let,等后接不定式作宾补时，必须省,略不定式符号,to,；但在被动语态中则须加上,to,（,let,除外）。,2.,在介词,but,except,等表示,“,除了,”,之意的,词前，若有实义动词,do,，介词后作宾语的不定,式常省略,to,；若无,do,，则,to,不能省略。,3.,两个或两个以上的不定式由连词,and,or,或,but,连,接时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略,to,；但如,果表示强调对比之意，则不省略。,4.,含有,do,的名词性从句作句子的主语，或者是,“,all+,定语从句,”,作主语时，其后作表语的不,定式可以带,to,，也可以不带,to,；充当其他成分,时，不定式要带,to,。,（二）动词的,-,ing,形式,熟读深思,熟读以下各句，注意画线部分的不同形式，并思考：,动词,-,ing,有哪几种构成形式？,动词,-,ing,在句中可作哪些句子成分？,动词,-,ing,形式还像谓语动词一样可以带宾语或状语吗？,1.,Learning,is important to modern life.,学习对现代生活很重要。,2.The problem is quite,puzzling,.,这个问题很,令人困惑。,3.I suggest,doing it in a different way,.,我,建议用另一种方法做这件事。,4.The TV set needs,repairing,.,这台电视机需要,修理。,5.I heard of,his having been chosen to be,the coach of the team,.,我听说他被选为球队,的教练。,6.The question,being discussed,is very,important.,正在讨论的问题很重要。,7.They went out of the,classroom,talking,and laughing,.,他们有说有笑地走出教室。,8.,Having been shown,around the,lab,we,were,taken to see the school library.,在被带去,看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆。,9.I felt my heart,beating,violently.,我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,10.,His not coming,made everyone present,very disappointed.,他没来，使在场的每个人,都很失望。,11.,Not having studied,his lessons very,hard,he,failed the examinations.,因为没有,努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,归纳总结,1.,动名词的复合结构,词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词，构,成动名词的复合结构。名词所有格或物主代词,即为动名词的逻辑主语，动名词复合结构常在,句中作主语或宾语。,I don,t like Tom,s(Tom)smoking in the,office.,我不喜欢汤姆在办公室吸烟。,His coming late for class made the,teacher very angry.,他上课迟到，使得老师很生气。,2.,只接动名词或不定式作宾语的动词,（,1,）下列动词只接不定式作宾语：,afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,want,believe,wish,offer,pretend,promise,care,choose,demand,fail,long,arrange,等。,（,2,）下列动词（短语）常接动名词作宾语：,advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,can,t,help,consider,delay,excuse,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,(,on),mind,practise,suggest,understand,miss,give,up,insist,on,think,of,dream,of,hear,of,depend,on,feel,like,devote,.,to,get,used,to,can,t,stand,look,forward,to,have,difficulty,in,be,fond,of,be,proud,of,object,to,set,about,thank,for,put,off,等。,（,3,）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾,语，意义区别不大。如,begin,continue,like,love,prefer,start,hate,等。,（,4,）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾,语，但意义明显有别：,to do,sth,.,忘记去做某事（未做）,doing,sth,.,忘记做过某事（已做）,to do,sth,.,对即将做的事表示遗憾,（未做）,doing,sth,.,对做过的事表示后悔（已,做）,to do,sth,.,尽力去做某事,doing,sth,.,试着做某事,forget,regret,try,to do,sth,.,做完一件事，继续做另一件事,doing,sth,.,继续做原来做的那件事,to do,sth,.,记着去做某事（未做）,doing,sth,.,记着做了某事（已做）,to do,sth,.,打算做某事,doing,sth,.,意味着做某事,go on,remember,mean,（,5,）作,“,需要,”,讲的,need,want,require,可接动,名词也可接不定式作宾语，其意义没有区别，,但接动名词时用主动形式，接不定式时用被动,形式。,My computer needs repairing/to be,repaired.,我的电脑需要维修。,3.,现在分词,:,现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作,:,（,1,）定语,:,单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修,饰的名词前,现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰,的名词后,现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均,可以发展成为一个定语从句。,（,2,）状语,:,现在分词作状语可表示时间、条件、,原因、让步、伴随，现在分词作状语可分为,:,一,般式,(doing),表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发,生,;,完成式,(having done),表示分词动作发生于,谓语动作之前。,（,3,）宾语补足语,:,现在分词作宾语补足语,表示,宾语的一个正在进行的动作,用于此结构的动词,有感官动词,see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,feel,observe,look,at,listen,to,等,;,使役动词,have,get,和其他动词,catch,leave,set,send,keep,等。,Don,t leave him waiting outside in the,rain.,别让他在外面雨里等着。,（,4,）表语,:,现在分词作表语,表示主语的特点,可,以看作形容词,是形容词化的现在分词。常用作,表语的现在分词有,:,interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,encouraging,等。,（,5,）独立结构,:,现在分词短语作独立结构时,是,固定说法,不以主动、被动去分析。常见的,有,:generally,speaking,judging,from/by,considering,speaking,of,等。,Generally,speaking,he,is quite skillful,at playing table tennis.,一般来说，他打乒乓球很有技巧。,（三）动词的,-,ed,形式,熟读深思,熟读下列各句，思考动词,-,ed,形式的用法。,1.Hearing the,news,he,looked disappointed,.,听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。,2.The boss,felt satisfied,with her,performance.,老板对她的表现很满意。,3.,All the broken desks,(=All the desks that,were broken)have been repaired.,所有坏了,的桌子都已修好了。,4.We have read many novels,written(=which,were written)by this author,.,我们已读了这,个作者写的很多部小说。,5.,Confused(=As he was confused)by the,problem,he,decided to turn to his teacher,for help.,对这个问题感到困惑，他决定向老师,求助。,6.,Seen(=When it is seen)from,above,the,stadium looks like a bird nest.,从高处看，,体育馆好像一个鸟巢。,7.I heard,the song sung,in English.,我听到有,人用英语唱过这首歌。,8.Peter got,his bad tooth pulled,out in the,hospital.,皮特在医院把坏牙拔了。,归纳总结,过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作,:,1.,定语,:,单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修,饰的名词前,过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的,名词后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以,发展为一个定语从句。,The broken window(=The window which was,broken)will,be replaced soon.,坏窗户将很快被换上。,2.,状语,:,过去分词短语作状语可分为,:,一般式,(done):,表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分,词动作发生于谓语动作前,;,完成式,(having been,done):,强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。,Scolded by the,teacher,the,girl sat there,without lifting her head.(,原因,),被老师训斥后，那女孩坐在那里低着头。,3.,宾语补足语,:,过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾,语与补足语存在被动关系,用于此结构的动词有,感官动词,see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,feel,observe,look,at,listen,to,等,;,使,役动词,have,get,make,let,和其他动词,catch,leave,want,wish,like,等。,She was glad to see her children well,taken care of in the nursery.,看到她的孩子在托儿所被照顾的很好，她很高兴。,4.,表语,:,过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且,该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分,词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分,词。常用在句中作表语的过去分词有,:used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected,等。系动词有,be,feel,get,remain,stay,等。,试题精选,1.,as,the,“,first,lady of speech,”,，,Dr.Lillian,Glass is recognized as one of,the world,s leading experts on,communication skills.,A.Knowing,B.Having,known,C.Known,D.To,be known,解析,该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。,根据句意及句子结构可知,句子的主语,Dr.,Lillian Glass,实际上就是选项动词的主语,相,当于,As she is known as.,引导的原因状语从,句,为被动结构,故选过去分词,known,。,C,2.,Why do you look sad,？,There are so many problems,.,A.remaining,to settle,B.remained,settling,C.remaining,to be settled,D.remained,to be settled,解析,remain,在,There be,结构中用作后置定,语,由于,remain,是不及物动词,故应用现在分词,remaining,相当于定语从句,that remains;,动词,settle,置于,remain,之后,应用动词不定式的被动,结构来表示动作还未完成。,C,3.At the end of 2006,there were around,7,000 foreign printing companies in China,up around 4 percent of the national,total.,A.made,B.to,make,C.making,D.having,made,解析,该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。,make up,为及物动词短语,在前一分句动作之后,发生,根据句意,表示主动,故应选,making,用作结,果状语,相当于并列句,and it made,或定语从句,which made,句型结构。,C,4.,The English exam is not,difficult,is,it,？,.Even Tom,to the top students,failed in it.,A.Yes;belongs,B.No;belonged,C.Yes;belonging,D.No;belonging,解析,根据答句句意,“,甚至最好的学生汤姆考,试也失败了,”,可知,第一空应选,Yes,(it,is),意,为,“,不,英语考试很难,”,;,第二空选项动词,belong,与,to,构成不及物动词短语,在句中用作定,语,故应选现在分词,belonging,相当于定语从句,who belongs to.,注意句子的主干为,Even,Tom failed in it,。,C,5.,We didn,t find the Blacks,the,lecture.,No one had told them about,a,lecture the following day.,A.to,attend;there,to be,B.attending;there,being,C.attended;there,be,D.attend;there,was,解析,第一空动词,attend,为及物动词,表主动,根据感官动词,find,所跟复合结构,不可使用,to,attend,过去分词,attended,表被动,意义也不成,立,可选用,attending,或,attend,但根据句意,此,处强调状态,故,attending,现在分词为最佳选项,;,第二空介词,about,后应使用动名词形式,there,being,。,B,6.Only,according to the directions can,the medicine be quite effective.,A.taking,B.taken,C.being,taken,D.having,been taken,解析,根据句意可知,选项动词的逻辑主语,the,medicine,与动词,take,之间为被动关系,实际上相,当于一个时间状语从句,Only when it is,taken.,结构,故应选,taken,在句中作状语。,B,7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and,looked as if,whether he was going in,the right direction.,A.seeing,B.having,seen,C.to,see,D.to,have seen,解析,当,as if,后面直接跟一个动词时,常使用,不定式,to do,来表示目的,相当于,as if he were,(,was)to,do,sth,.,说明动作的未完成性。,C,8.,Is there any possibility of the film,in Paris International Festival,？,Not in the,least,because,the audience,generally think little of it.,A.trying,out,B.tried,out,C.to,try out,D.being,tried out,解析,选项动词短语在句中用作介词,of,的宾语,应使用动名词形式,根据句意可知,介词,of,后的,名词,the film,为动名词复合结构,try out,的逻辑,主语,且为被动关系,故应选用动名词的被动结,构。,D,9.,Hi,Mary.Would,you like to go to the,concert this evening,？,Sorry,Tom,.,tomorrow,s,lessons,I,have no time to go out with you.,A.Not,preparing,B.Not,having prepared,C.Not,to prepare,D.Being,not prepared,解析,根据句意可知,选项动词为原因状语,表主,动,强调动作的完成性,相当于一个原因状语从句,:,As I haven,t prepared tomorrow,s lessons,.,故应选,B,项。选项,A,为现在分词,不表示完成的,意思,;,选项,C,为不定式的否定结构表目的,;,选项,D,为,被动结构,not,应置于分词,being,前面,均不符合句,意。,答案,B,10.Every student in our class had an,application form in his,hand,but,no one,knew which office,.,A.to,send it to,B.to,send it,C.to,be sent to,D.to,have it sent,解析,根据句意及句子结构可知,选项部分不定,式与疑问词构成不定式短语一起作动词,knew,的,宾语。在这一结构中,常用不定式的主动结构,可以转换为宾语从句,:but no one knew which,office he would send it to,。注意,send,sth.to,sb./sp.,为固定短语,to,为介词,不能省,略。,A,11.,O,Neal works hard.,So he,does.He,is often seen,heavily,before his teammates have even arrived,at practice.,A.to,be sweated,B.sweated,C.be,sweated,D.sweating,解析,根据句子结构可知,视觉动词,see,用于被,动结构,选项,A,、,C,不可以用于这一结构中,;,选项,B,为被动意义,不成立,;,只有选项,D(sweating,),现在,分词作主语补足语,强调状态。,D,12.,How did you get in touch with,Mrs.Green,？,Well,it,seems to me that you,ve,forgotten,me her telephone number,the other day.,A.to,tell,B.to,have told,C.telling,D.being,told,解析,根据问话人的句意可知,“,已与,Mrs.Green,取得联系,”,了。故回答部分说明,“,已,经忘记了告诉电话号码这件事,”,应该使用,forget doing,sth,./having done,sth,.,“,某事,已做,但忘了,”,；,forget to do,sth,.,意为,“,忘,记了要去做的事情,”,强调动作还未发生。,C,13.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,_,in a small apartment near Boston and,_ what to do about his future.,A.living;wondering,B.lived;wondering,C.lived;wondered,D.living;wondered,解析,考查分词的用法。句意为,:29,岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓里,他对于未来很迷茫。现在分词作定语修饰,a,worker,and,为并列连词,连接相同的成分。,A,14.The Chinese ship,Tianyu,8,was reported,off the east coast of Kenya in,November,2008.,A.to,be attacked,B.to,have been attacked,C.to,be attacking,D.to,have been attacking,解析,考查不定式的用法和语态。根据题干内,容可知，这里说的是已经发生过的事情，由此,可以排除,A,、,C,两项；另外，船只是被攻击的，,故应该用不定式的完成式的被动语态，因此,B,项,正确。,B,15.I hear they,ve promoted,Tom,but,he,didn,t mention,when we talked on,the phone.,A.to,promote,B.having,been promoted,C.having,promoted,D.to,be promoted,解析,句意为,:,我听说他们提拔了汤姆,但我们,在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及此事。,mention,后,跟名词或动名词作宾语,此处要用动名词的完成,被动式表示,“,被提拔,”,的动作在,mention,前发生。,B,16.It is one of the funniest things,on,the Internet so far this year.,A.finding,B.being,found,C.to,find,D.found,解析,found,此处为过去分词作后置定语,用来,修饰,things,与,things,构成被动关系。句意为,:,这是今年到目前为止在网络上发现的最滑稽的,事情之一。,D,17.There is a new problem,in the,popularity of private cars,road,conditions need to be improved.,A.involving;that,B.involved;that,C.involved;where,D.involving;which,解析,第一个空考查,be involved in,短语,第二,个空为同位语从句。,B,18.After the six-party talk in,Beijing,an,agreement was reached,that North,Korea would abandon,nuclear weapons.,A.stating;to,develop,B.stating;developing,C.to,state;to,develop,D.states;developing,解析,agreement,和动词,state,之间为主动关,系,;abandon,后接动名词。,B,19.On August 12,2009 Typhoon,Morakot,swept,across Taiwan island,a lot of,villages,.,A.left;damaged,B.leaving;damaging,C.leaving;damaged,D.left;damaging,解析,分词短语,leaving,作结果状语,villages,和,damage,之间为被动关系。,C,20.In face of the,fire,he,hesitated for a,while,whether he should rush into,the burning house.,A.to,think,B.thought,C.thinking,D.and,thought,解析,现在分词短语,thinking.,作伴随状语。,C,21.To learn English,well,we,should find,opportunities to hear English,as,much as we can.,A.speak,B.speaking,C.spoken,D.to,speak,解析,此处考查,hear+,宾语,+do/doing/done,结构。,因为,English,是,“,被说,”,故用,spoken,作宾补,表,示被动。,C,22.Susan wanted to be independent of her,parents.She,tried,alone,but,she,didn,t like it and moved back home.,A.living,B.to,live,C.to,be living,D.having,lived,解析,句意为,:,苏珊不想依赖父母。她试着一个,人生活,但又不喜欢这样,就又搬回家去了。,try,doing,sth,.,试着做某事,;try to do,sth,.,尽力去,做某事。,A,23.He stood in line the whole morning to,buy tickets for the train,only,they,had been sold out when his turn finally,came.,A.told,B.being,told,C.telling,D.to,be told,解析,考查非谓语动词。此处考查不定式短语,作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，,tell,与逻,辑主语构成被动关系，意思是,“,被告知,”,故用被动形式，答案为,D,。,D,24.We finished the run in less than half,the time,.,A.allowing,B.to,allow,C.allowed,D.allows,解析,句意为,:,我们用了不到被允许的时间的一,半就跑完了。,time,后缺少定语,“,时间,”,与,“,允,许,”,之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。,C,25.I send you 100 dollars,today,the,rest,in a year.,A.follows,B.followed,C.to,follow,D.being,followed,解析,考查非谓语动词。从题中,in a year,这一,时间状语暗示将来,可知,A,、,B,两项错误,;the,rest,与,follow,之间是主谓关系,故,D,项错误。不,定式表示将要发生的事情,故,C,项正确。,C,返回,