实用文体翻译之简介.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,实用文体翻译,Translation of Practical Discourse,Instructor:JIANG,Wenping,文学文体：利用语言给人以乐趣和美的享受。,实用文体：“直接以传递信息或服务的语篇类型”,Definition,Lets Compare,If you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once,！,你要是对我耍滑头，我马上毙了你！,If you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once,！,女土匪：,男土匪：,道士：,包公：,王煕凤：,流氓：,你敢耍我，姑奶奶的子弹可不是吃素的！,你小子敢对我耍把戏，大爷一枪嘣了你！,施主要是胆敢玩花样，就休怪贫道要开杀戒了,。,汝敢戏吾，格杀勿论。,你这蹄子要是有半句假话，看不揭了你的皮！,别跟我玩花样，否则俺弄个花生米给你吃吃！,吉林方言：,湖南方言：,上海方言：,四川方言：,广东方言：,敢跟我扯！别说我马上废了你！,你敢跟我搅浑水，立马放你的血。,侬格只老甲鱼要是搞我捣糨糊，明年格今朝就是侬格忌日！,你龟孙子再乱整，老子一枪敲死你！,？,If you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once,！,Lets Compare,微波炉若长期不用，应拔掉电源插头，放在通风干燥，无腐蚀性的环境中。,If the oven is not used for a long time,plug off from power,source,and place it in,a,airy and,no,erosive gas environment.,应用文体求“”,:,2),应用文体求“”,:,3),文学作品求“”,-,对不起，我不太小心，把茶杯打碎了。,-,没关系，,碎碎平安,嘛！,-Sorry.I broke the glass for my carelessness.,-Never mind.,Pieces for peaces,.,a time sex thing one-off product,(),(),the Face Powder Store Pie Restaurant,(),(),The Big,Han,Hero,Heroes of Han Dynasty,(),(),一次性用品,面食店,大汉英雄,信,达,雅,Practical Translation vs.Literary Translation,（信、达、雅）,Presentation,Sharp Eyes,Sharp Brain,实用文体分类,根据使用范围、对象、作用分类：,宣传类,:,书信类：,记录类：,规约类,:,研究类：,科技类：,社交信函、商业信函、电报电传等,读书笔记、会议记录、报告记录等,总结、实验报告、学术论文等,公示语、说明书、启事、广告、调查报告等,合同、计划、规章等,计算机、商务、外贸、医学等,例：,急性化脓性阑尾炎,在临床上表现为,右下压痛,、,反跳痛,、,肌紧张,加重，及,全身症状,。,The clinical symptoms of,acute purulent,appendictis,include,right lower abdominal tenderness,rebound tenderness,aggravation of,muscular tension,and,global symptoms,.,医学英语文体特点,1,、多使用专业,术语,或,半术语,医学术语,以医生或患者姓名冠名：,Parkinsons Disease,：,Down Syndrome,：,Christmas,Diesase,：,贺,-,赵缺陷症：,帕金森病（震颤麻痹）,唐氏综合症（先天愚型）,He-Zhao Syndrome,（,without permanent teeth,）,克里斯马病（凝血因子,IX,缺乏）,音译！,医学术语,以神话或文学中的人物或事件冠名：,Achilleus,jerk,：,Diana complex,：,Lear complex,：,Pickwickian,syndrome,：,音译,+,直译,跟腱反射,狄安娜独身情结,匹克威克综合症,李尔王恋女情结,医学术语,以地名冠名：,Mediterranean anemia,：,Chiba needle,：,克山病：,湖北钉螺：,地中海贫血,千叶针（日本千叶大学）,Kesha disease,Oncomelania hupensis,音译,+,直译,医学术语,复合词：,Nutraceutical,：,Nutrition+pharmaceutical,(,营养药物,),Radiotherapy,：,Radiation+therapy,(,放射疗法,),直译,医学术语,首字母缩略词：,TB,：,OP,：,BP,：,GH,：,Tuberculosis,肺结核,Out-patient,门诊病人,Blood pressure,血压,Growth hormone,生长激素,直译,半术语,是指同样的术语在不同行业，不同专业里或不同情况下具有不同含义。,例：,culture;medium,culture medium?,培养基,例：,trace;element,trace elements,微量元素,Translation,A pregnant woman is admitted to a hospital once she has begun,labor,.,一旦孕妇开始出现,分娩阵痛,症状，就可入院。,Translation,No person,except,an identical twin,was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them.,除了,同卵双生,以外，没有一个人的身体能接受他人的组织，却不对它们产生抗异。,Revision,Acute and sub-acute hepatic necrosis more often,complicates,hepatitis in the elderly.,翻译：急性与亚急性肝坏死往往使上了年纪的人的肝炎复杂化。,改译：上了年纪的肝炎患者往往并发急性与亚急性肝坏死。,Revision,In such cases heart,murmur,is often present.,翻译：在这类病例中，常有心脏的低沉音。,改译：这类病例常伴有心脏杂音。,Revision,Abnormal lymph nodes may be hard,soft or even fluctuant;,tender or not,;discrete or matted.,翻译：异常的淋巴结可硬可软，有些甚至是活动的；可嫩可老；有些是分散的，有些则缠结在一起。,改译：异常的淋巴结或硬或软，部分甚至是活动的；有压痛或无压痛；有些是分散的，有些则缠结在一起。,2.,多使用正式文体词：,拉丁语与古法语派生词，高雅而正式。它们一般较同义的、盎格鲁撒克逊语的单词（,Anglo-Saxon words,）为长。人们称之为,big words,。,医学词汇多来自拉丁希腊，每年由拉丁,/,希腊词缀构成的新词约,1500,个。,医学英语文体特点,Example,therm,（热）,+o,（连接元音）,+meter,（测量仪器）,thermometer,温度计,Example,mega,（大的）,+,cocc,（球菌）,+us,（名词后缀）,megacoccus,大型球状菌,Example,enter,（肠）,+,aden,（腺）,+,itis,（炎症）,enteradenitis,肠腺炎,Achill,-,Achillobursitis,Achillodynia,Achillotomy,Achill+o+bursa,（囊）,+itis,Achill+odynia,（痛）,Achill+o+tomy,（切开,/,断术）,医学英语文体特点,3,、大量使用名词与名词化结构,名词化主要是指动词的名词词性转化，可以有以下四种形式：,动作名,examineexamination,；,动词性名词：,examineexamining,；,动名词：,examineexamining,；,不定式：,examineto,examine,。,它们的名词性从逐渐减弱。,Example,The preventive measures include,elimination,of snails,control,of excreta,provision,of safe water supplies,and proper and prompt,treatment,of the patients and cattle.,预防措施包括,消灭,钉螺、,管理,排泄物、,供应,安全水源，还有及时有效地,治疗,患者与病畜。,Revision,The,diagnosis,of,ascariasis,is made by finding adult worms,larvae,or eggs.,翻译：蛔虫的诊断是来自于发现成虫、幼虫或卵。,改译：发现成虫、幼虫或卵可确诊有蛔虫。,Translation,中医足疗按摩,适用于,：,头痛,、,眩晕,、,呕吐,、,失眠,、,肌肉痉挛,、,腰肌劳损,、,关节扭伤,、,软组织损伤,等。,头痛：,眩晕：,呕吐：,失眠：,肌肉痉挛：,腰肌劳损：,关节扭伤：,软组织损伤：,headache,dizziness,vomiting,sleeplessness,myospasm,lumbar muscle strain,joint sprain,soft tissue injury,Translation,The indications of traditional Chinese,foottherapy,and massage include headache,dizziness,vomiting,insomnia,myospasm,lumbar muscle strain,joint sprain,soft tissue injury,etc.,中医足疗按摩,适用于,：,头痛,、,眩晕,、,呕吐,、,失眠,、,肌肉痉挛,、,腰肌劳损,、,关节扭伤,、,软组织损伤,等。,医学英语文体特点,4.,多无有灵主语，大量使用被动语态,医学英语属正式文体，文章中所出现的主要是医学发现或医学实践，极少提到这些发现或实践由谁完成。,Examples,检查结果,发现,白细胞减少。,临床经验,表明,在这一阶段作出诊断已为时已晚。,先兆流产,一般,进行,保守治疗，,推荐,卧床休息。,Example,The circulatory system,is,a network of blood vessels that.,The heart,is,the pump that,Blood,enters,the two upper chambers of heart,Blood,travels,to all parts of the body As,the blood,leaves,the left ventricle,it,passes,through the aorta.,医学英语文体特点,医学英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为医学文章强调客观准确，侧重叙事推理。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。,Example,早期流产和晚期流产要,区别对待,，因为晚期流产会,碰到,更多困难。,翻译：,A distinction,is made,between early and late abortions because more difficulties,are encountered,in late abortions.,Translation,1),已经证明,It has been demonstrated that,2),本项回顾性研究旨在,A retrospective study was undertaken to,3),本项前瞻性研究旨在,A prospective study was undertaken to,Translation,4),本项研究试图,In this study,an attempt was made to,5),我们建议,It is proposed that,医学英语文体特点,5.,大量使用长句与扩展句,医学文章中逻辑性强，语言结构往往出现许多长句。,比较：,英语一般性文章平均每句,18,个单词；,政府性文章每句,20,个单词；,医学文章平均每句,34,个单词。,Example,As,can be seen from,the wide variety of illnesses and conditions,in which,psychosis,has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy,麻疯病,malaria,疟疾,and even mumps,腮腺炎,),there is no singular cause of a,psychotic episode,.,说明：状语从句套定语从句，括注。,拆分,As,can be seen from,the wide variety of illnesses and conditions,in which,psychosis has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy,麻疯病,malaria,疟疾,and even mumps,腮腺炎,),there is no singular cause of a psychotic episode.,There is the wide variety of;,Psychosis has been reported to arise from the wide variety of.;,As can be seen from the above,there is no,As,can be seen from,the wide variety of illnesses and conditions,in which,psychosis has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy,麻疯病,malaria,疟疾,and even mumps,腮腺炎,),there is no singular cause of a psychotic episode.,翻译：报道表明，引起精神病症的各类疾病和,异常,情况（如艾滋病、麻疯病、疟疾、甚至腮腺炎）种类繁多。由此可见，没有哪种,疾病和异常情况,是精神病症的唯一病因。,Practice,本报告旨在分析评价目前四川省艾滋病防治的政策以及在现实操作中存在的问题，从技术角度提出相关政策的建议，为政府各部门决策者及有关人员制定艾滋病防治相关政策提供科学依据和参考。,分析,本报告旨在,分析评价,目前四川省艾滋病防治的政策以及在现实操作中存在的问题，,从技术角度,提出,相关政策的建议，,为政府各部门决策者及有关人员制定艾滋病防治相关政策,提供,科学依据和参考。,Reference,The report aims to analyze and evaluate the present policies for HIV/AIDS preventing and care in Sichuan Province and the operational problems with the policies,to put forward recommendations for the policies from a technical perspective,and to provide a theoretical basis and reference for policy makers and the personnel at all levels of the government concerning policy making for HIV/AIDS prevention and care.,药品翻译,1,）西药药名：,西方中国西方,就是一个“回译过程”。,英译汉：音译（尽量与药物作用吻合）,汉译英：“名从主人”，即查找原先的英语名称，不能随便乱译。,Examples,英译汉,Procaine,：,Norfloxacin,：,Rifampicin,：,Atropine,：,Amoxicillin,：,Levodopa,：,普鲁卡因,诺氟沙星,利福平,阿托品,阿莫西林,左旋多巴,Examples,汉译英：,商品名：安奇,通用名：阿莫西林克拉维酸钾,(4:1),颗粒,翻译：,Amoxicillin and,clavulanate,Potassium Granules,药品及说明书翻译,1,）中药药名：,中国西方,汉译英：有多种方法可用,1,）音译：汉语拼音,1,）音译：汉语拼音,保婴丹：,丁桂儿脐贴：,麻杏止咳片：,BAO YING DAN,Dinggui,Erqi,Tie,Maxing,Zhike,Pian,没传递任何信息,2,）拼音加剂型英译,桂枝汤：,慈丹胶囊：,Guizhi,decoction,Cidan,Capsule,只传递了剂型信息,3,）药品名直译,桂林西瓜霜：,黄附子汤：,Guilin,Watermelon Frost,Decoction of Rhubarb and Aconite,传递了部分信息,4,）意译：译出功能,平胃散：,朱砂安神丸：,Peptic Powder,Sedative Bolus of Cinnabar,传递了功能,5,）音译,+,注释,/,拉丁药名,温脾汤：,四逆汤：,车前草：,五味子：,Wenpi,Tang(Decoction for Warming Spleen),Sini,Tang(Decoction for Resuscitation),Che,Qian,Cao,(,Herba,Plantaginis,),Wu,Wei,Zi,(,Fructus,Schisandrae,),药品名称,+,功效,说明书翻译,药品说明书包括哪些内容？,Instruction,药物名称,通用名,商品名,化学名称,化学成分,化学结构,性状,drug name,generic name,trade name,chemical name,chemical composition,chemical structure,description,Instruction,成分,适应症、主治,功效,规格,用法用量,不良反应,毒性反应,过敏反应,anaphylactic reactions,adverse reactions,toxic reactions,specification,functions,indications,ingredients,dosage and usage,Instruction,副作用,禁忌症,注意事项,警告,贮藏,包装,批号,有效期,批准文号,生产厂商,Manufacturer,Drug approval number,Validity date,Package,Batch No.,Storage,Warnings,Precautions,Contraindications,Side effects,Practice,【,药品名称,】,通用名：健脾丸,专利名：健脾丸,【Drug Name】,Generic Name:,Jianpi,Wan(Pill for Invigorating the Spleen),Proprietary Name:,Jianpi,Wan,Practice,【,主要成分,】,党参，白术，枳实，山楂等。,【,Ingredients】Bilose,asiabell,root,bighead,atractylodes,rhizome,immature bitter orange,hawthorm,fruit,etc.,Practice,【,性状,】,本品为棕褐色至黑褐色的蜜丸；味微甜、微苦。,【,Description】Brownish,or dark brown honeyed pills with lightly sweet or bitter taste.,1,）较短的说明常译作短语,Practice,【,功能主治,】,健脾开胃。用于脾胃虚弱，脘腹胀满，食少便溏。,【,Functions】Strengthening,the spleen and inducing appetite.,It is indicated,for the treatment of weakness of the spleen and the stomach,distension and fullness in the stomach and abdomen,poor appetite,and loose bowels.,2,）常用一般现在时,Practice,【,用法用量,】,口服，一次,1,丸，一日,2,次，小儿酌减。,【Dosage and Usage】1 pill each time,twice a day for oral administration.Less dosage for children.,Practice,【,注意事项,】,服用过量或有严重不良反应时请即就医。,【,Precautions】A,physician,must be consulted,immediately for,overdosage,or severe adverse reactions.,3,）注意事项多用情态，被动。,Practice,【,贮藏,】,密封。,【,Storage】Keep,airtight.,4,）贮藏部分译为祈使句。,Practice,【,规格,】,每,8,丸相当于原生药,3g,。,【,Specification】Every,8 pills are equivalent to 3 g of crude drugs.,Practice,【,批准文号,】,国药准字,Z41020007,【Drug Approval,Number】National,Drug Approval Number:Z41020007,Practice,【,生产企业,】,河南省济源市济世药业有限公司,【,Manufacturer】Jishi,Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Jiyuan,Henan,Province,P.R.C.,The End!,