Mini-Grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词的时态和语态,教学目标,1.了解动词时态语态的主要考点.,2.熟悉高考常考语态的构成和时间状语.,3.掌握各种时态的基本用法.,用动词短语,clean ones room,来翻译下列句子。,1,小明每天打扫自己的房间。,2,小明昨天打扫了他的房间。,3,小明在打扫他的房间。,4,小明昨天这个时候在打扫他房间。,5,小明明天要打扫他的房间,6,小明说他一会要打扫他的房间。,7,小明已经打扫完了他的房间。,8,小明在今天下午之前就打扫好了他的房间。,用行为动词,do,为例，写出英语中八大基本时态的谓语结构形式,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,will/shall+do,过去将来时,would/should+do,现在完成时,have/has+done,过去完成时,had+done,do/does,did,am/is/are+doing,was/were+doing,动词的时态,：,英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的,动作、状态的时间,。,类,时间,一般,进行,完成,完成进行,现在,do,am/is/are +doing,have/has +done,have/has +been doing,过去,did,were/was +doing,had done,had been+doing,将来,will/shall+do,will/shall be +doing,will/shall have+done,will/shall have been+doing,过去将来,would/should+do,would/should be+doing,would/should have+done,would/should have been+doing,动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，书面表达中的时态语态不用说，全国卷具体在语法填空和改错题中考察。,做题思路有两种：,一，是直接找到标志性时间状语，根据其作出选择；,二，没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。,一般现在时的用法,表示,经常性,或,习惯性,的动作或,存在,的状态，常与表示,频度,的时间状语连用。,every,sometimes,often,usually,on Sunday,I,leave,home for school at 7,every morning,.He,is,alone.2),客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth,moves,around the sun.,注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。,例如.,Our teacher said light travels faster than sound.,3)表示格言或警句中。,Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。,4),表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性,。,I,dont,want so much.Ann,writes,good English but,does not,speak,well.,2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：（1）在以when,before,等引导的时间状语从句,以if,等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。,Ill participate in the game if it doesnt rain.,I,ll let him know as soon as,he,comes.,The more he studies hard,the more progress he will make.,有时为了强调动作的完成，有些动词也可用现在完成时 Don,t get off the bus until it has stopped.,2,),根据时刻表的安排将要,发生的事件，日程一般不可变更,常用的动词有：,arrive,leave,open,start,begin,stop,等,。,The trains,arrives,at 18:40.,The shop,opens,at 8 a.m and,closes,at 11.pm.,3,),以,here,或,there,开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。,Get it ready.Here,comes,a bus.,His,name,be,Jack,.,He,be,twent,y,years old.,He,be,Chinese.,He,live,in,Beijing.,He,love,English.,He,read,English every day.,His,favorite sports,be,tennis and swimming.,He,play,tennis all the time.,His,father,be,a doctor and,his,mother,be,a teacher.,He,be,interested in English.,His,parents,want,him,to be an English teacher when,he,graduate,.,一般过去时的用法,1,）在,确定的过去时间,里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,I,stayed,up last night,for I,had,a lot of homework to do.,Where,did,you,go,just now?,2,）,表示,在过去一段时间内,，,经常性,或,习惯性,的动作。,When I,was,a child,I often,played,football in the street,.,3,）,有时过去的时间隐含在情景里,I hardly,recognized,you,Marry.,I didn,t know you were coming.,I,didn,t,notice it.,I,forgot,to tell you that I had been with my brother before.,4),用于代替过去完成时,:,由于,after,before,until,等连接已说明了复合句中两个动词所表示动作的先后,可以用一般过去时代替,.,例如：,After he,(had)finished,reading the newspaper,he handed it to me.,I didnt understand the problem until he,(had)explained,it.,5),用在一些句型里：,It is time you,went,to bed.,I wish I,were,a bird.,Id rather you,came,tomorrow.,比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，,现已不复存在,。,Mrs.Darby,lived,in Kentucky for seven years.,Mrs.Darby,has lived,in Kentucky for seven years.,(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。),(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去,),Thank you!,Goodbye!,