语法精讲突破.ppt

语法精讲突破系列,(,一,),定 语 从 句,1.(2013,山东高考,)Finally he reached a lonely island_,was completely cut off from the outside world.,A.when,B.where,C.which,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。,island,后面是一个定语从句,修饰,island,并且从句中缺少主语,同时指物,所以选,C,。而,A,项,when,及,B,项,where,在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语,;D,项,whom,只能指人,在定语从句中作宾语。,2.(2013,重庆高考,)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of,are family members.,A.them,B.that,C.which,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,约翰邀请了大约,40,人来参加他的婚礼,其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为,40 people,在定语从句中作,of,的宾语并指人,用关系代词,whom,故选,D;A,项为代词,放入之后前后为两个完整的句子,两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开,需在两句中间加入连词才对,;B,项,that,一般不放在介词后面,;C,项,which,指代物。,3.(2013,福建高考,)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those,lives were affected.,A.whose,B.that,C.who,D.which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知,those,后为定语从句,先行词是,those,空格处在从句中作,lives,的定语,故用关系词,whose,。,4.(2013,湖南高考,)Happiness and success often come to those,are good at recognizing their own strengths.,A.whom,B.who,C.what,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。,who,在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。,whom,引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词,+whom,结构中。,5.(2013,新课标全国卷,)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house,I would be staying.,A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我一到达,布赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知,I would be staying,是定语从句,修饰,house,。定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以此处填关系副词,where,或,in which,。,6.(2013,江西高考,)He wrote a letter,he explained what had happened in the accident.,A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中,letter,是先行词,where=in which,引导后面的定语从句,在从句中作状语,故选,C,。,7.(2013,浙江高考,)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform,visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.,A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为,platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用,where,。故选,B,。,8.(2013,四川高考,)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment,they live.,A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。,A,项可引导名词性从句,;B,项可引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语,;C,项可引导定语从句,在句中作时间状语,;D,项可引导定语从句,在句中作地点状语。从句中的,live,为不及物动词,先行词,the environment,在定语从句中作地点状语,故选,D,项。,9.(2013,北京高考,)Many countries are now setting up national parks,animals and plants can be protected.,A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,现在很多国家都在建国家公园,在那里动植物能得到保护。先行词为,national parks,在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词,where,。,10.(2013,辽宁高考,)He may win the competition,he is likely to get into the national team.,A.in which case,B.in that case,C.in what case,D.in whose case,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他可能会赢得比赛,那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号一般不可连接两个句子,故排除,B,。因为是定语从句,故排除,C,。此处要用,which,代指上文说的情况,而,whose,是作定语的,此处不合句意。,11.(2013,安徽高考,)Mo,Yan,was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.,A.it,B.that,C.what,D.which,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:2012,年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词,which,在从句中作主语,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。,12.(2013,江苏高考,)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.,A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国,这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。此句中,passion(,热爱,激情,),为先行词,在定语从句中,starting,之后缺少宾语,因此排除,A,、,D,两项,when,和,where,为关系副词,不能充当主语或宾语。,C,项的,what,不能引导定语从句,故选,B,。,13.(2013,天津高考,)We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in todays newspaper.,A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我们已经发射了另外一颗人造卫星,这在今天的报纸上报道了。,that,和,what,不引导非限制性定语从句,;who,的先行词是人,;which,引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,在从句中充当主语。,14.(2013,陕西高考,),is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,A.It,B.That,C.What,D.As,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,孩子们通常就是这样,医生来的时候埃米就好些了。,as is often the case,固定搭配,意思是“通常就是这样”。,【,加固训练,】,1.(2012,浙江高考,)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.,A.which,B.who,C.where,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,who,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,埃伦是一位画鸟和自然的画家,由于某种原因,已经过起了遁世生活。,who,引导非限制性定语从句,who,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词,Ellen(,人名,),。故选,B,。,2.(2012,江苏高考,)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.,A.which,B.who,C.where,D.what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,who,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,洪灾过后,那个地区的人们正在受苦,他们急需洁净的水、药品和庇护场所以便生存。先行词,people,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词,who,引导。故选,B,项。,3.(2012,天津高考,)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without,help I would never have got this far.,A.who,B.whose,C.whom,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,whose,引导的定语从句。句意,:,我想感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我就不会走这样远。,whose,表示所有关系,代指上面的史密斯教授,靠了他的帮助,故选,B,。,4.(2012,重庆高考,)Sales director is a position_,communication ability is just as important as sales skills.,A.which,B.that,C.when,D.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查关系副词,where,引导的定语从句。句意,:,销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。“,position”,为先行词,后面是其定语从句,关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,因此,应该使用关系副词“,where”,来引导定语从句。因此,正确答案为,D,选项。,5.(2011,安徽高考,)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,it will keep for two or three weeks.,A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查关系副词,where,引导的定语从句。句意,:,剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱,在那里可以保存两三周。由句型结构可以看出,该题中的先行词,refrigerator,在从句中作介词的宾语,该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语,故选择关系副词,where,。故选,C,。,6.(2011,江苏高考,)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,the audience can buy ice-cream.,A.when,B.where,C.that,D.which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查关系副词,when,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,音乐会的两部分中间有幕间休息时间,在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。,when,引导的定语从句修饰,an interval,when,在从句中作时间状语。先行词为,an interval,非限制性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。所以正确答案为,A,。,7.(2012,浙江高考,)We live in an age,more information is available with greater ease than ever before.,A.why,B.when,C.to whom,D.on which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查关系副词,when,引导的定语从句。句意,:,我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。,when,引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语,修饰先行词,an age(,时代,),此处的,when=in which,。故选,B,。,8.(2012,四川高考,)In our class there are 46 students,half wear glasses.,A.in whom,B.in them,C.of whom,D.of them,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查介词提前的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,我们班有,46,名学生,其中一半学生戴眼镜。前后两句话之间无连词,故不能用人称代词,them,而应用关系代词,whom,引导定语从句,;,在,46,个学生当中,表所属,应用,of,。故答案选,C,。,9.(2012,全国卷,)That evening,I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.,A.that,B.which,C.what,D.when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,那天晚上我工作到了很晚,详情以后再跟你谈。这里,That evening,是先行词,在定语从句中作介词,about,的宾语,所以用,which,。,10.(2011,山东高考,)The old town has narrow streets and small houses,are built close to each other.,A.they,B.where,C.what,D.that,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查,that,引导的定语从句。句意,:,这座古老的城镇有狭窄的街道和比邻而建的小房子。关系代词,that,代替先行词,small houses,在从句中作主语。故选,D,。,11.(2012,江西高考,)By 16:30,was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.,A.which,B.when,C.what,D.that,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查,which,引导的定语从句。句意,:,到下午四点半,也就是打烊时间,几乎所有的画都已经卖出去了。从后面的,closing time,打烊时间,可以得知此句是在谈时间,但是此句中缺少主语,前面又有一个逗号,所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句,用,which,。故选,A,。,12.(2012,北京高考,)When deeply absorbed in work,he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.,A.that,B.which,C.where,D.when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,每当他沉迷于工作中,就会废寝忘食,而他常常如此。,which,在从句中作表语,代指上面的情况,故选,B,。,13.(2012,陕西高考,)It is the third time that she has won the race,has surprised us all.,A.that,B.where,C.which,D.what,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这让我们大家都很惊讶。所填词前有逗号,是非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,选,C,。,考点,1,关系代词,who,whom,whose,引导定语从句,1.who,和,whom,的用法。,(1),先行词为,one,ones,anyone,those,指代人时。,*,The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li,Yapeng,the ones,who,signed a divorce agreement on Friday in,Urumqi,.,我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏,他们于周五在乌鲁木齐签署离婚协议。,(2),在,There be,结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词,who,指代人。,Theres a gentleman,who,wants to see you.,有位绅士想见你。,(3),一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是,that,另一个宜用,who,以避免重复。,*,The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor,who,is very modest and works very hard.,昨天在会上受表扬的学生是班长,他非常谦虚、好学。,(4),当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用,whom,关系代词,whom,在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词,+,关系代词,whom(,先行词指人,),结构。,*,(2010,浙江高考,)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom,left their village homes for a better life in the city.,这里居住着将近,1 000,人,他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。,2.whose,的用法。,whose,指人或物,作定语,表示“,的”,可转换为“,of,关系代词”。关系代词,whose,一般指人,表示“该人的”,也可指物,表示“该物的”,在以物为先行词时,可用,of which,代替在从句中作定语。,*,(2011,新课标全国卷,)The prize will go to the writer,whose,story shows the most imagination.,这个奖项会给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。,*,(2011,四川高考,)The school shop,whose,customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.,学校商店假期关门了,这个商店的顾客多是学生。,【,点津,】,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如,:,Tom is one of the engineers who,are sent,abroad.,汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。,Tom is the only one of the engineers who,has come up,with the solution.,汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。,考点,2,关系副词,when,where,why,引导定语从句,1.when,的用法。,先行词为“时间名词”,可用,when,引导定语从句,when,在定语从句中作状语,也可用“介词,+which”,结构代替。,*,(2011,天津高考,)The days are gone,when,physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,体力是你生存所需的日子一去不复返了。,2.where,的用法。,(1),先行词是“地点名词”,定语从句可用,where,引导,where,在从句中作状语,也可用“介词,+which”,结构代替。,*,(2011,浙江高考,)A bank is the place,where(=in which),they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.,银行是一个晴好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。,(2),如果定语从句修饰,point,situation,part,condition,和,case,等表示抽象意义的词,常用,where,引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况下”,(,前提是从句中缺少状语,),。,*,You reach a point,where,medicine cant help.,你到了药物无法治疗的地步。,3.why,的用法。,先行词是表示原因的名词,reason,时,可以用,why,引导定语从句,why,在定语从句中作原因状语,可用,for which,替代。,*,The reason,why/for which,he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。,【,点津,】,当,way,表示方法、方式作先行词时,后面的定语从句可以用,that,或,in which,引导,也可以省略关系词。如果定语从句中缺少宾语时,要用,that,或,which,引导,也可以省略关系词。,I dont like the way,that/in which/,不填,he speaks to his mother.,我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。,The way,that/which/,不填,he explained to us was quite simple.,他向我们解释的方法很简单。,考点,3,介词,+,关系代词的,6,个考查点,1.,考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。,*,(2010,上海高考,)Wind power is an ancient source of energy,to which,we may return in the near future.,风力是一种古老的能源,也许在不久的将来我们,(,人类,),会再次使用它。,2.,考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。,*,He referred to me some reference books,with,which I,am,not very,familiar,.,他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。,3.,考查根据句意确定介词。,*,I am looking for my glasses,without which,I cant watch TV clearly.,我正在找我的眼镜,没有它我就看不清电视了。,4.,考查表示所属关系的,of which/whom,。,*,(2011,江西高考,)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction,of which,had taken more than three years.,她带领参观者参观了那个花了三年多时间才建成的博物馆。,5.,考查表示整体与部分关系的,of which/whom,。,*,The buses,most of which,were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.,公共汽车被愤怒的人群包围着,其中的大部分已满员了。,6.,考查表示同位关系的,of which/whom,。,*,She brought with her three friends,none of whom,I had ever met before.,她带来了她的三位朋友,我以前全没见过。,【,点津,】,选择介词,3,原则,:,根据句子意思表达的需要,;,根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯,;,根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。,考点,4,5,组易混关系代词的用法辨析,类型,主要用法,典句例示,只用,that,不用,which,的情况,先行词是,all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,等不定代词时,(2010,全国卷,)I refuse to accept the blame for,something that,was someone elses fault.,我拒绝接受那些因为别人的过错而带来的责难。,先行词被,only,any,few,no,very,little,等修饰时,Australia is the,only,country,that,is also a continent.,澳大利亚是唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。,类型,主要用法,典句例示,只用,that,不用,which,的情况,先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,This is the,most interesting,film,that,Ive ever seen.,这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。,先行词为人、物并用时,Do you know the,things and persons that,they are talking about?,你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗,?,主句的主语是疑问词,who,或,which,时,Which,is the bike,that,you lost?,哪一辆是你丢的自行车,?,先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,Shandong is no longer the province,that,it used to be.,山东不再是以前的那个样子了。,类型,主要用法,典句例示,只用,which,不用,that,的情况,关系代词前有介词时,Is this the house,in which,Shakespeare was born?,这是莎士比亚出生的那间房子吗,?,引导非限制性定语从句时,(2010,全国卷,)As a child,Jack studied in a village school,which,is named after his grandfather.,杰克小时候是在一所山村学校上的学,这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。,先行词为,that/those,时,Whats,that which,was put in the car?,被放入车内的是什么,?,which,用作定语时,He may be late,in,which,case we ought to wait for him.,他也许会迟到,那样的话,我们应该等他。,类型,主要用法,典句例示,the same.as,与,the same.that,the same.as,表示相似或同类的东西,the same.that,表示同一人或物,This is,the same,book,as,he lent me last week.,这是他上星期借给我的那类书。,This is,the same,book,that,he lent me last week.,这是他上星期借给我的那本书。,such/so.as,与,such/so.that,such/so.as(,定语从句,),像,那样,such/so.that(,状语从句,),如此,以至于,This is,such,an easy question,as,I can answer.,这是一个容易的我能回答的问题。,This is,such,an easy question,that,I can answer it.,这个问题如此简单连我都能回答。,类型,主要用法,典句例示,as,与,which,as,引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。,which,引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后,as,意为“正如,”,后面的谓语动词多用,see,know,expect,say,mention,report,等,;which,意为“这一点”,Avatar,is a very successful film,as,is known to all.,阿凡达,是一部很成功的电影,这一点是大家都知道的。,The sports meeting was put off,which,astonished us.,运动会被推迟,这让我们吃惊。,考点,5,定语从句与其他从句的辨析,类型,主要区别,典句例示,与并列句的区别,如果两个句子之间是分号,或有,and,but,so,等连接词,则这两个句子为并列句,;,如果两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述的连接词,则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句,They have more than 100 books;most of them are English books.(,并列句,),他们有,100,多本书,其中的大部分是英语书。,Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,one I will always treasure.(,定语从句,),这么多年后见到我的叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻,这一刻我会永远珍藏。,类型,主要区别,典句例示,与强调句型的区别,判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“,It is/was.that.”,去掉后,主句的意思和结构是完整的,It is from this library that I borrowed the book.(,强调句型,),我是从这家图书馆借到的那本书。,This is the library where I borrowed the book.(,定语从句,),这就是我借那本书的那家图书馆。,类型,主要区别,典句例示,与状语从句的区别,状语从句通常没有先行词,整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等的状语,而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的,After the war,a new school was put up where there once had been a theatre.(,地点状语从句,),战争之后,在原来是剧院的地方建起了一所新学校。,Have you ever been to the house where Lu,Xun,once lived?(,定语从句,),你去过鲁迅曾住过的那所房子吗,?,类型,主要区别,典句例示,与同位语从句的区别,定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用,;,而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用,;,引导词,that,在从句中的作用不同,:,在定语从句中,that,既起连接作用,又须在定语从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语等,;,而在同位语从句中,that,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,;,翻译方法不同,:,限制性定语从句通常翻译成“,的”,而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示,We all have heard the news that our team won.(,同位语从句,),我们都听说了那个消息,:,我们队赢了。,We dont believe the news that he told us yesterday.(,定语从句,),我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。,.,单项填空,1.(2014,杭州模拟,)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.,A.which price,B.whose price,C.the price of that,D.its price,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。,whose price=the price of which,whose,作定语,代指,an ancient Chinese vases,。,2.We showed great pity to the poor old man,for,life was hard in the past.,A.whom,B.whose,C.who,D.that,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。介词,+,关系代词,for whom=for the poor old man,。,3.(2014,安庆模拟,)Its said that hes looking for a new job,one,he can get more money to support his family.,A.when,B.where,C.that,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句中的,one,作,a new job,的同位语,其后接由,where,引导的定语从句,where,在从句中作状语。,【,加固训练,】,Is this school,we are going to visit tomorrow?,A.which,B.that,C.where,D.the one,【,解析,】,选,D,。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词,;,加上,the one,作为先行词,;,关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略。,4.Mary wants to have a study of her own,she can study without being troubled.,A.where,B.during which,C.when,D.on which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。定语从句中的谓语动词,study,为不及物动词,故空格处需填关系副词,先行词为,study“,书房”,应用,where,。,5.(2014,南京模拟,)Being a doctor is one of the few professions,if you make a mistake,it can mean killing somebodys life.,A.that,B.which,C.when,D.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,当一名医生是少有的几种职业中的一种,:,如果你,(,在其中,),犯了错误,那就意味着别人丧生。定语从句中不缺主语和宾语,先行词是,professions,故用,where(=in which),。,6.Nelson Mandela died on Dec.5,2013,people all over the world were in great sorrow.,A.where,B.when,C.that,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,纳尔逊,曼德拉于,2013,年,12,月,5,日逝世,当时全世界的人们都处于万分悲恸之中。,when,引导定语从句,when,代指前面表示时间的先行词,Dec.5,2013,。,7.(2014,郑州模拟,)Every time,Ashrita,tries to break a record,he reaches a point,he feels that he cannot physically do any more.,A