高中英语必修五第一单元知识点课件.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit One,Language Points,John Snow was a well-known _in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was _.,doctor,19,th,cause,defeat,broke,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,defeated,复习总动员,Warming,up,know about,了解有关,.,的情况,know of,听说过,有些事我想了解一下,.,There,is something I want to,know about,.,我听说过那件事,但不很清楚,.,I,know of,it,but I didnt,know,it well.,1.,知识袋袋库,2.,character,istic,adj.,独特的，特有的,n,特征，特性,eg,.genetic characteristics,遗传特征,character,n,性格；特征；人物，角色；,character,ize,v,是,的特征；描述,的特征,character,less,adj.,无特色的；平凡的,区别,future,和,characteristic,Kindness is one of his _.,My car doesnt have special _.,characteristics,futures,3.,put,forward,:,bring up,come up with,eg,:,He,put forward,some useful advice at the,meeting.,We,put forward,Tom as,monitor.,推荐,The meeting has been,put forward,to 2:00,pm.,提前,提出,An interesting suggestion,for measuring the atmosphere around Mars,has been,_.,A,put forward,B,put down,C.put up D.put aside,【,解析,】,有人提出一个有趣的建议,【,答案,】,A,考题练练看,put aside,_,put away,_,put off,_,put on,_,put down,_,put out,_,put up,_,put up with,_,储蓄,备用,把,收拾起来,推迟,穿上，戴上；上演，演出,举起；粘贴；建立，建设,忍受,放下,扑灭,(,火,),思维泡泡堂,Considering your salary,，,you should be able,to _ at,least twenty dollars a week.,A,put forward B,put up,C,put out D,put aside,【,解析,】,句意为,“,就你的工资而言，每周你应至少存,20,美元,”,。,put forward,提出；,put up,张贴；,put out,扑灭；,put aside,储存。,【,答案,】,D,考题练练看,Pre-reading,4.,conclude,vt,/vi,come to a close_,eg,:The meeting,concluded,at 8:00 pm.,She,concluded,her speech with a poem.,She,concluded,her speech by reading,a poem,.,归纳总结：,(,使,),结束,终止,decide,sth,as a result of what you see or hear,_,eg,.What can you,conclude,from these facts?,After waiting for half an hour,，,I,concluded,that,he wouldnt come at all,.,等了半个小时后，我断定他不会来了。,推断出,得出结论,归纳总结,:,n.,conclusion,结论，结束,*,arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion,_,eg,:,It was difficult to,draw a,conclusion,because the,situation was complex.,*,in conclusion,_=in a word,to sum up,eg,:,In conclusion,I would like to say how much,I have,enjoyed myself today.,得出结论,总之,思维袋袋库,Ann seems to be,upset.What,s,up?,She _ from,the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.,A,includes,B,concludes,C,suggests D,contains,【,解析,】,下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。,【,答案,】,B,考题练练看,Reading,5.,defeat,vt,.,to win against,sb,in the a war,competition,sports,game,_,to be difficult for,sb,_,n.,failure to win,_,eg,:,The army,defeated,the enemy in the end.,Tom suffered,defeat,in the English examination.,The problem has,defeated,me and I can,t,solve,it.,打败，战胜,失败，挫折,难倒，使困惑,辨析：,defeat/beat/win,He can easily _ me at golf.,He didnt _ the election.,He was _ in the election.,defeat,战胜，击败。含义广泛，指在战争、辩论、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。,宾语是对手,。,beat,表示“战胜，击败和难倒”时可与,defeat,互换,;,另外还可以表示“击打，,(,心脏,),跳动”等含义。,win,后只接,事或物,（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱）不能是对手。,defeated/beaten,beat/defeat,win,Lin,Dan _ her,competitor and,got the first place in the game.,A,won B,defeat,C,beat D,hit,【,解析,】,“,击败对手,”,可用,beat,或,defeat,，但由,got,可知，空白处应用过去时，若选,B,，则应为,defeated,。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,6.,attend,v,be present at;take care of,_,attend to,sb/sth,:,to deal with,sb/sth,;to take care of,sb/sth,_,eg,:,He,attended,the meeting,yesterday.,I have some urgent business to,attend to,.,出席,参加,;,照顾,护理,处理,应付,;,照顾,护理,The coach asked his staff to _ the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.,A,adapt to B,attend to,C,refer to D,appeal to,【,解析,】,adapt to,意为“适应”，,attend to,意为“注意，关心，料理”，,refer to,意为“涉及”，,appeal to,意为“向,呼吁，求助于”。整句话意为“教练要求他的队员去照应一下那一大群等着他公布训练计划的新闻记者们”。,考题练练看,【,答案,】,B,区别,attend/join/join in/take part in,Would you like to _ us in the basket game?,A.attend B.join,C.join in D.take part in,考题练练看,【,答案,】,B,attend,正式用语，参加严肃的活动，如,会议，听课，演讲,。,join,加入某一,组织,，成为其中成员。,join(sb.)in,sth,./doing,和,某人,一起进行一项具体的活动，多指,正在进行的活动,。,take part in,参加活动，是一般用语。,思维袋袋库,7.,expose,vt,.show,sth,hidden;tell the,truth _,曝光,;,暴露,;,揭露,expose sth/sb to sth,_,暴露；显露,expose sb as,_,揭露某人,eg:Dont,expose,yourself,to,the sun for too long.Youll get sunburned.,_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.,A.Exposed B.Having exposed,C.Being exposed D.After being exposed,【,解析,】,动名词的被动式做主语。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,Sentence 1,.,Neither,its cause,nor,its,cure,was,understood,.,人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法,。,neither.nor.,既不,，也不,，连接句中两个相同成分,表全部否定。,Neither,my father,nor,I was there.,我父亲和我都不在那里。,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also,连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的那个主语的数保持一致。符合主谓一致中的,就近原则,。,Neither,he,nor,I,am,a student.,Either,Mary,or,her brothers,are,to blame for the fault.,Not only,the teacher,but also,his students,like,playing football.,思维袋袋库,(2009,年湖南卷,),Either you or your one of your students _ to attend the meeting.,A.are B.is,C.have D.be,【,答案,】,B,考题练练看,8.,When I left hospital I was completed,cured,.,Is there a certain,cure,for cancer yet?,cure,:_,vt.,治愈，治疗；,n.,疗法，治疗药,cure sb.,of,治好,(,病、恶习等,),a cure,for,治疗,的方法,辨析：,treat,与,cure,Has the doctor,_,her illness?,No,，,he,_,her but didnt,_,her,.,A,cured;treated;treat,B,cured;cured;treat,C,treated the old woman for;treated;cure,D,cured the old woman of;treated;cure,解析：,cure“,治愈”强调结果。,cure,sb,of,sth,treat“,治疗”强调过程。,treat,sb,for,sth,答案：,D,思维袋袋库,Sentence 2,.,So,many thousands of terrified,people,died,every,time,there was an,outbreak,.,every time,在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”,e.g.,Every time,I hear that song,I feel,happy,.,每次听到那首歌，我都感到非常开心。,(2009,年云南玉溪模拟,)_you talk to someone or write a message,，,you show your skills to others.,A,At times B,Some time,C,Every time,D,The time,【,解析,】,句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。,every time,是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,注意,:,immediately,the moment/the minute,directly,instantly,等与,every time,一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一,.,就”。如：,I will give the letter to him,immediately/the moment/directly/instantly,I see him.,另外,the first time(,第一次,),，,next time(,下次,),，,last time(,上次,),都可以引导时间状语从句。,思维袋袋库,(2009,年陕西卷,),This is the first time,we _ a,film in the cinema together as a family.,A,see B,had seen,C,saw D,have seen,【,解析,】,“,This/It is the,序数词,time+that,从句,”,为固定句型，如果前面用,is,，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用,was,，则用过去完成时。,【,答案,】,D,考题练练看,9.,challenge,n/vt,挑战,eg,:,(1)opportunity and,challenge,机遇与挑战,扩展：,face a challenge,面临挑战,meet a challenge,接受挑战,challenging adj.,具有挑战性的,10.,suggest,v.,建议；暗示，表明,suggest+doing sth/sth./that-clause,他建议我们参观长城。,He,suggested,visiting the Great Wall.,He,suggested,that we,(should)visit,the Great Wall.,suggest(,暗示，表明,)+,从句不用虚拟语气。,The smile on her face,suggested,that,she,agreed,with me.,11.,absorb,vt,.,吸收,(,液体、气体,),；吸引，使、专心,The cream is easily,absorbed into,the skin,.,这种乳霜容易被皮肤吸收。,I,was,so,absorbed in,this book that I didn,t hear you come in.,归纳总结：,It is very quiet in the,classroom.The,students are all _reading books.,A,absorbed B,absorbed in,C,absorbing in D,absorb,【,解析,】,本题意为：教室里很安静，学生们在全心全意读书。,be absorbed in doing,sth,.,专心做某事。,【,答案,】,B,考题练练看,The writer was so _ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room.,A,abandoned B,focused,C,absorbed D,centered,【,解析,】,be absorbed in,全神贯在,；,focus,sb,on,sth,使,专注于,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,12.,suspect,v.,认为、怀疑,eg,:,I,suspected,the truth of her statement.,*,suspect,sb,of doing,sth,怀疑某人做某事,*,suspect,sbsth,to be,怀疑,是,eg,:He had,suspected,her of telling a lie to me.,13,.,blame,vt,consider or say that,sb,is,responsible for,sth,_,eg,:Please dont,blame,me.,blame,sb,for,sth,doing,sth,_,blame,sth,on,sb,_,be to blame,_,责备、谴责,责备某人做某事,把某事归咎于某人,(,某人,/,某物,),该受指责,n,过失、责备,Its not fair that you should get the,blame,.,Don,t,always _ your,own failure _ others.Sometimes you yourself _.,A,blame,；,on,；,are to be blamed,B,blame,；,for,；,are to blame,C,blame,；,on,；,are to blame,D,blame,；,for,；,are to be blamed,【,解析,】,句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。,blame,sth.on,sb.,把,归咎于某人；,be to blame,该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,The mother who lost her son insisted that the careless driver _ for the traffic accident _ yesterday.,A,was to blame;happening,B,be to blame;happening,C,be blamed;was happened,D,was to blame;had happened,【,解析,】,本题意为：失去儿子的母亲,坚持认为,粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。,【,答案,】,A,考题练练看,(2006,年安徽卷,),Mr,Green stood up in,defence,of(,为,辩护,)the 16,year,old boy,，,saying that he was not the one _.,A,blamed B,blaming,C,to blame D,to be blamed,【,解析,】,he was not the one to blame,意为,“,他不是那个应该受责备的人,”,。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,(2006,年福建卷,)_for the breakdown of the school computer network,，,Alice was in low spirits.,A,Blaming B,Blamed,C,To blame D,To be blamed,【,解析,】,本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：,Alice,因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词,blamed,。,D,项,to be blamed,有将要的意味。,【,答案,】,B,考题练练看,Sentence 3,It,seemed,that the,water,was to blame,.,看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be,+,动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于,must,should,ought to,等。,You are not,to be late,again.,14.,look into,调查，研究,;,The police are now,looking into,the matter.,警方正在调查这件事。,look back,回顾，回首,look down upon,蔑视,look over,检查，查看,look on,旁观,look through,匆匆浏览,look up,查阅，查找,15.,Handle,vt,deal with,operate,_,n.,part of a tool,cup,bucket door etc,by which it may be,held,carried or controlled,_,eg,:,Do you know how to,handle,the computer?,处理 操作,把手,16.,link,vt&n,connect or put together two or more pieces,连接；联系,link to,(,常用被动,表状态,)=connect with _,link up(with),_,eg,:Blood in his shirt,linked,him,to,the,crime.,A new freeway(,高速公路,)will be built,to,link up,our city,with,Wuhan.,把,与,连接,/,联系起来,连接，结合,17.,announce,vt,make,sth,known publicly,宣布 通告,eg,:,Yao Ming,announced,in his,hometown,that he has retired from NBA.,归纳总结：,announce,sth,.,宣布某事,announce,that-clause,辨析：,announce,与,declare,The result of this examination will be _ tomorrow.,A,published B,declared,C,announced D,opened,【,解析,】,announce,强调正式地“公开、发表、宣布”，,侧重预告人们所关心或感兴趣的事情；,declare,指正式而明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，,声明”，侧重当众发表，多用于宣判、会议、宣,战等。,C,思维袋袋库,【,答案,】,18.,instruct,v,teach,；,order,direct,教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐,instruct,sb,in,sth,教授某人,instruct,sb,to do,sth,命令,/,吩咐某人去做某事,eg,:,He,instructs,a class,in,history.,Ive been,instructed to,wait here until the lecturer arrives.,Mr,Smith decided to hire a teacher to _ his son in English.,A,teach B,introduce,C,instruct D,direct,【,答案,】,：,C,考题练练看,Learning about language,19.,contribute,v,t,.&,v,i,.,捐款；贡献；捐助,contributeto,_,eg,:,He,contributed,his life,to,helping the poor.,He contributed,his,article,to,China Daily.,contribute to,_,eg,:,Various,factors,contributed to,his failure.,捐助、捐献,;,投稿,导致，促成；有助于,Practice:,Many people _ money _ the poor boy,which _ his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and _ it _ a newspaper.,contributed,to,contributed to,contributed,to,考题练练看,To be honest,，,my,carelessness _ a,lot to my failure.,A,contributed,B,donated,C,provided D,offered,【,解析,】,句意为：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。,contribute to,导致。,donate,捐献；,provide,提供；,offer(,主动,),提供。,【,答案,】,A,考题练练看,n.,contribution,贡献,make great contributions to,对,有贡献,思维袋袋库,20.,apart from,除,之外（既有相加又有相减的含义）,eg,:,Apart from,my parents,I have no one to believe in.(,相减,),Apart from,the cost,we need to think about how much time the job will take.,、,(,相加,),辨析,besides except apart fromexcept for,1.besides:“,除了,之外（还有）”,(,相加,),There will be five of us for dinner,besides John.,2.except:“,除,之外”,;,(,相减,),whenthatif,I cycle to work,except when I rains.,3.except for,强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调,前后名词性质不同,。,His composition,is,good except for a spelling,mistake.,思维袋袋库,Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.,A.except B.besides,C.except for D.but,【,解析,】,李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。属于整体很好，就一点不好。,【,答案,】,C,考题练练看,Using,LanguageReading and Writing,21.,strict,adj.,严厉的；严格的；严谨的,Mr.Liu is a,strict,teacher.,be strict with,sb,对某人要求严格,be strict aboutin doing,对某事、做某事要求严格,eg,:,The Whites are very,_ their,children.,The hospital is,quite _,visiting,hours.,strict with,strict about,22.,make sense,有意义、讲得通,;,是明智作法。,(,不及物动词短语,),eg:,Your story doesnt,make sense,to me.,It makes sense for,sb,to do,sth,.,对某人来说做某事是明智的,eg,:It,makes sense to,save money while you can.,make sense of,理解、明白,eg,:Can you,make sense of,this poem?,It doesnt make _ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.,A,sense,B,opinion,C,use,D,difference,注意：,make no difference,没有影响，没什么不同,make(full)use of(,充分,),利用,A,考题练练看,23.,cautious,adj.,谨慎的，小心的,be cautious about sth/doing sth,对（做）某事非常小心谨慎,eg.He is,cautious,about telling the truth.,区别,cautious,和,careful,cautious,指因为担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢行事或小心谨慎；,careful,并非担心害怕，但为确保万无一失而做事小心。,Be careful!,She looked around,cautiously,and then walked away.,24.,reject,vt,.,refuse to accept or consider,sth,_,eg,:,to,reject,an offer/a suggestion/a decision,She,rejected,his offer of marriage.,refuse to accept,sb,for a job,_,eg,:I have been,rejected,by all the university,not use or publish,_,eg,.Imperfect articles are,rejected,by our quality control.,质量差的文章都被我们质检人员拒绝了。,拒绝接受，不予考虑,拒收，不录用,(,因质量差,),不用，不出版,辨析：,reject,与,refuse,的区别,refuse,一般用词，指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。,reject,正式用词，指拒绝申请，请求，建议，提议；不录用，不采纳；其后不能跟不定式。,eg,.,He,refused to,discuss this matter.,I politely,refused,their invitation.,The proposal was firmly,rejected,.,思维袋袋库,4.,Only if,you put the sun there,did,the movements of the other planets in the sky,make sense,.,只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。,only if,只有；只要,引导条件状语从句。,Only if,you work hard,can you,get high,scores,.,当以,only,引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。,Only when,the war was over,was,he able to get back to work.,Only,in this way,can,I solve the problem.,但是,only,放句首修饰主语时不倒装。,Only,you can help me finish the work.,思维袋袋库,