介词用法讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法精典讲解,词法部分,（介词）,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,介词是种虚词,在句用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,不能单独使用.考点常常包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词.,固定搭配:,on ones way home,help.with,send for,be interested in.,be late for,be angry with,be good at,等.这需要你好好记忆!,一、常用介词解析及用法比较:,1、,at,on,和,in:,at,表示点,on,表示线,in,表示面.也就是说它们表达的范围逐渐增大.,a）at,表示时刻或时间的点以及年龄:,at six oclock,at noon,at the age of sixteen,等.,b）on,具体到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上:,on Saturday,on July 1th,on my birthday,on a spring afternoon.,on the morning of July 16th,等.,c）in,表达的范围更大一些.与世纪、年代、季节、月份以及早上、上午、晚上 等连用:,in the seventh century,in 1950s,in 2000,in the morning,等.,2、for,和,since:,for,表示多长时间.,since,后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在,常与完成时连用.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,3、after,和,in:,这两个介词都可以表示时间“在以后”的意思.其区别是:,a）after,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;,b）in,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子.,4、by,with,和,in:,a）by,表示“以.的方式,方法,手段”和“乘某种交通工具”;,b）with,指“借助于具体的手段或工具”;,c）in,表示“以.方式,用语言,文字等媒介”.,5、for,和,of:,试比较:,Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock.,Its kind of you to help me.,两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of,之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;,for,之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,二、介词用法口诀:,1、,早、午、晚要用,in.,in the morning,在早上,in the evening,在晚上,in the afternoon,在下午,in the day,在白天,2、at,黎明、午、夜、点与分.,at dawn,at daybreak,在黎明时候,at noon,在中午,at night,在夜间,at midnight,在午夜,以上短语都不用冠词,at six oclock,在6点钟,at half past eleven,在11点半,at 7:30（seven thirty）,在7点半,at a quarter to two 1,点45分,at nine fifteen,在9点15分,at the weekend,在周末,at ten thirty A.m.,在上午10点30分,seven to five 5,点差7分（半小时以上）,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,3、,年、月、年月、季节、周.,即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月”（但在某年某月某日则用,on）,在四季,在第几周等都要用,in.,in 1986,在1986年,in spring,在春季,in 1927,在1927年,in summer,在夏季,in April,在四月,in autumn,在秋季,in March,在三月,in winter,在冬季,in July l983 1983,年7月,in the third week,在第三周,in December 1986 1986,年12月,in the fist week of this semester,这学期的第一周,4、将来时态,in.,以后.,They will come back in 10 days.,他们将10天以后回来,I,ll,come round in a day or two.,我一两天就回来,We,ll,be back in no time.,我们一会儿就回来,Come and see me in two days time.,两天后来看我.（从现在开始）,after.（,是从过去开始）,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,5、阳光、灯、影、衣、冒,in.,即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用,in.,in the bright sunlight,在明亮的阳光下,in brown shoes,穿着棕色鞋,in uniform,穿着制服,a prisoner in irons,带着镣铐的囚犯,in mourning,穿着丧服,a merchant in disguise,乔装的商人,Dont read in dim light.,切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书,They are sitting in the shade of a tree.,他们坐在树阴下乘凉.,He went in the rain to meet me at the station.,他冒雨到车站去接我.,The poor dressed（clothed）in rags in old society.,旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.,the woman in white（black,red,yellow）,穿白（黑、红、黄）色衣服的妇女.,6、,小处,at,大处,in.,Im in,Liaoning,at,Anshan,.,我住在辽宁省鞍山市.,I live in a great/big city,my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.,我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,7、,有形,with,无形,by,语言、单位、材料,in.,The workers are paving a road with stone.,工人们正用石子铺路（有形）,The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.,这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文（有形）,“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera.,智取威虎山是-出好戏（无形）,The product is separated by,distilation,into gasoline and gas oil.,这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油（表示方式、手段、方法-无形）,I really cant express my idea in English freely in-deed,我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想（表示某种语言用,in）,I wrote a novel in Russian.,我用俄语写了一本小说（同上）,The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system,公里是米制中最长的长度单位（表示度、量、衡单位的用,in）,The length is measured in meter,kilometre,and,centimetre,.,长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的（同上）,This board was cast in bronze not in gold.,这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的（表示材料的用,in）,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,8、,特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用,in.,（1）特征或状态:,The Democratic Party was then in power.,那时民主党执政,They found the patient in a coma.,他们发现病人处于昏迷状态,He has not been in good health for some years.,他几年来身体一直不好,Her clothes were in rags.,她的衣服穿破了,His shoes were in holes.,他的鞋穿出窟窿了,She spoke in grief rather than in anger.,与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心,还有一些短语也用,in,in jest,诙谐地,in fairness,公正地,in sorrow,伤心地等.,in joke,开玩笑地,in revenge,报复,in low ebb,情绪低落地,in spite,恶意地,in mercy,宽大,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,（2）方面:,we accepted the item in principle.,我们在原则上接受了这个条款,They are never backward in giving their views.,他们从来不怕发表自己的意见,A good teacher must be an example in study.,一个好的教师必须是学习的模范,The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.,这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给,（3）方式:,All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.,所有报告都用速记记录下来了,The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.,党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,（4）成语:,in all,总计,in alarm,惊慌、担心,in hopes of,怀着希望,in advance,事前,in word,口头上,in connection with,和有关,in the meantime,与此同时,in a word,总之,in contact with,和联系,in place,适当地,in vain,无益地,白白地,in conflict with,和冲突,in addition to,除以外,in case,如果,万一,以防,in fun,/,jest,/,joke,玩笑地,in the least,一点,丝毫,in detail,详细地,in the long run,从长远说来,in force,有效的,大批,in haste,急急忙忙地,in ones opinion,在看来,in depth,彻底地,in conclusion,总之,in retrospect,回顾,一想起,in regard to,关于,in return,作为回报,in other words.,换句话说,in spite of,尽管,in doubt,怀疑,in the name of,以名义,in case of,倘若,万一,in love,恋爱中,be confident in,对有信心,in behalf of,代表利益,in debt,负债,be interested in,对感兴趣,in the opinion of,据见解,in wonder,在惊奇中,in public,/,secret,公开地/秘密地,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,9、介词,at、to,表方向.,介词,at,和,to,都可以表示方向,但有“攻击、位置、善、恶之分”:,用,at,表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;,用,to,表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意.,试比较下列各句:,1.,She came at me.,她向我扑过来,She came to me.,她向我走过来,2.,Jake ran at John.,杰克向约翰扑过去,Jake ran to John.,杰克朝约翰跑去,3.,He shouted at the old man.,他大声喝斥那老人,He shouted to the old man.,他大声向那老人说,4.,She talked at you just now.,她刚才还说你坏话呢,She talked to you just now.,她刚才还同你谈话呢,5.,She threw a bone at the dog.,她用一块骨头砸狗,She threw a bone to the dog.,她把一块骨头扔给狗吃,6.,He presented a pistol at me.,他用手枪对着我,He presented a pistol to me.,他赠送我一支手枪,7.,He rushed at the woman with a sword.,他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去,He rushed to the woman with a sword.,他带着剑向那妇女跑过去,8.,I heard her muttering at,Xiao,Li.,我听见她在抱怨小李,I heard her muttering to,Xiao,Li.,我听见她在同小李低声说话,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,10、,日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚;以下皆用,on.,on October the first 1949 1949,年10月1日,on the second of January second 1,月2日,on February the thirteenth l893 1893,年2月13日,on May the first 5,月1日,on December 12th 1950 l950,年12月12日,on the first 1,号,on New Years Day,在元旦,on the sixteenth 16,号,on May Day,在“五一”节,on my birthday,在我的生日,on a summer evening,在夏天的一个夜晚,on Sunday,/,Monday,在星期天/星期一,on winter day,在冬天,on Tuesday morning,星期二早晨,on Friday evening,星期五晚上,on Saturday afternoon,星期六下午,以下情况要注意用,in,或,at,及特殊性,:,in the Christmas holidays,在圣诞节假期;,in the eighteenth century,在十八世纪;,in ancient times,在古代;,in earlier times,在早期;,in modern times,在现代.,at the present time,现在;,at the present day,当今,.,last night,昨夜;,in the evening,在晚上;,on time,准时;,in time,及时.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,11、年月日,加早午晚,of,之前,on,代,in.,on the morning of 18th 18,日早晨,on the evening of 4th 4,日晚上,on the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet.,他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会.,12、,收音、农场、值日,on.,talk over the radio,由无线电播音,on TV,从电视里.,Did your supervisor like the story over/on the radio last night?,您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?,I heard the news over/on the radio.,我从收音机里听到了这一条消息,.,hear something on the wireless,在无线电里听到,My brother works on an Army reclamation farm.,我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作,.,The students are working on a school farm.,学生们正在校办农场劳动,This is a farmers house on a farm.,这是农场的农舍,Who is on duty,today?,今天谁值日?,We go on duty at 8 A.m.,我们上午8点钟上班.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,13、,关于、基础、靠、著论,on.,This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.,今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告,You are wrong on all these issues.,在这些问题上你的看法都错了,The belief is based on practical experience.,这种信念是以实际经验为基础的,Theory must be based on practice.,理论必须以实践为基础,The people in the south live on rice.,南方人主食大米.（靠）,The citizens live on their salaries.,城市人靠薪金生活.,Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food.,她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗.,He is just a scrounger,who lives on other people.,他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子,.,on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship ,论人民民主专政,“,on Coalition Government”,论联合政府,on,后接,the,加上一个作名词的动词其意义与现在分词所表达的相近.,Keep the kettle on the boil.（=boiling）,让水壶的水一直开着.,The enemy are on the run.（=running）,敌人在逃跑,.,on the march,在行军中,on the mend,在好转中,on the move,活动中,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,14、,着火,罢工,出售,出差,公务,休假,故意,支付,相反,准时,on.,The house next to mine was on fire.,我邻居的房子着火了.,The workers of the railway station were on strike.,铁路工人罢工了.,Grapes and big water melons are on sale on a large sale.,葡萄和西瓜大量上市了.,I,ve,come here on business.,我是有公事来的.,They went to Bern on a mission.,他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命.,I went on business to Shanghai.I did not take leave.,我是公出去上海的,不是不告面别.,They has been away on a long trip.,他们出去做一次长途旅行.,I,ll,go home on leave next month.,下月我将休假回家.,She came to see you on purpose.,她是专程来看你的.,He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.,他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的.,This lunch is on me.“No.lets go Dutch.”“,这顿午饭我付钱.”“不,还是各付各的”.,On the contrary,it was very easy to understand.,相反,这事儿很容易理解.,P1ease come on time.（on schedule）.,请准时来.,注:,in time,是“及时”的意思.,The train arrived on schedule.,火车准时到达,.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,15、,特定时间、“一就”、左右,on,后+动名词.,Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling.,气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩.（特定时间）,On entering the room,he found his friends dancing in high spirits.,一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞,On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang.,一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话,I,ll,write to him on hearing from you.,我接到你的来信就给他写信（一就）,on the left,/,right,向左/右;,on the stair,在台阶上.,16、步行、骑驴马、开玩笑,on.,on foot,步行,on horse,骑马,on donkey,骑驴,Go on horse back!,骑马去！,You are having me on!,你和我开玩笑呢!,He rode on,blood flowing from his side.,他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来,The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100,li,on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.,为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里,注意:,cab,carriage,用,in cab,和,in carriage,不能用,on,或,by cab,或,carrige,.,09介词的用法,【介词的用法】（讲解1）,17、在山脚/门口/当前/日落/核心;以速度/温度;价用,at,.,at a high speed,高速,at full speed,全速,at 1000RPM,每分钟1000转,at that time,在当时,at home,在家里,at ten degrees centigrade,在摄氏10度,at daybreak,日出时,at zero,零度,at minus ten degrees centigrade,摄氏零下10,at a good price,高价,at a low cost,低成本,at a great cost,花了很大代价,At the foot of the mountain,there are thirty of our comrades.,在山脚下,有我们30个同志.,There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.,山脚下有一个美丽的湖.,At the gate of the house there are many children playing basketball.,门口有一大群孩子在玩蓝球.,Who is standing there at the door?,谁站在门口?,I dont need the dictionary at present.,我现在还不需要这本词典.,He is at present in Washington.,他目前正在华盛顿.,The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.,战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击.,The train runs at fifty,kilometres,an hour.,火车每小时行驶50公里.,Water freezes at 0centigrade.,水在摄氏零度结冰.,Water usually boils at 100.,水通常在摄氏100度沸腾.,Evaporation takes place at all,tempertures,.,蒸发在任何温度下都能发生.,The atom has a nucleus at its core.,在原子的中心有一个原于核.,