全国高考英语专题汇总复习单项选择.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单 项 填 空 题,2010,年全国高考英语专题汇总复习课件单项选择,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,命题要点,1,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广,语境地位突出,交际性原则明确,试题题干新颖,迷惑性较大,灵活性较高,2,单项填空的命题要点,连词、代词,形容词、副词,介词搭配,惯用短语,短语动词,情态动词,动词语态,句子结构,动词时态,非谓语动词,3,解题技巧：,还原法,排除思维定势,克服汉英差异,注意题干惯性,区分形近义近词,弄清语言环境,4,一,.,还原法,题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。,例如：,5,1.To all of you _ the honor for the success,A,belongs to B,belong to,C,belongs D,belong,分析：倒装句，还原后为：,The honor for the success belongs to all of you.,c,2.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.A.learning,B.learned,C.to learn,D.learns,分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为,We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,3.What made her mother so angry?_the exam.,A.Because she did not pass,B.Her not passing,C.She did not pass,D.Because her not passing,分析；将题干改写为：,_the exam made her mother so angry.,B,6,将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。,解题决窍,：,7,二,.,排除思维定势,利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让,我们,上当的题。因为,我们,背记了许多语法规则,，词汇，,词的固定搭配,和句子结构等,，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则,，结构,和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。,例如：,8,1.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom.,A.sweeping B.swept C.to sweep D.to sweeping,C,3.Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to,？,A,that B,where C,why D,when,A,A,4.What do think of the plan?,I feel _that we ought to give it up at once.,A.strongly B.strong C.stronger D.it strong,A,2.Madame Curie,，,for _ life had once been very hard,，,was successful later,A,whom B,which C,whose D,that,9,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍,：,10,三,.,克服汉英差异,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的,“,参加,”,在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，,如,:take part in the celebration,attend a meeting,join the army,take an exam,join in a,discussion,例如：,11,1.Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going now.,-OK._.,Take it easy,B.Go slowly,C.Stay longer,D.See you,D,3.There was once a cruel king _in the castle.,A.lived B.who lives,C.was living D.living,B,D,2.The population of China is _than that of Russia.,A.much more B.much larger,C.many more D.many larger,12,留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读,多比较,多归纳，尽量避免,Chinglish,。,解题决窍,：,13,四,.,注意题干惯性,此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，,我们,答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。,例如：,14,1.,Alice.you feed the bird today,?,But I fed it yesterday.,A.do you,B.will you,C.didnt you,D.dont you,2.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?,-_.How I wish to go there!,A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I havent,C.No,I have D.No,I havent,B,D,3.Has Sam finished his homework today?,I have no idea.He _ it this morning,A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done,c,15,1,）补全对话；,2,）分清角色,。,由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。,解题决窍,：,16,五,.,区分形近义近词,把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，,若我们,基础知识掌握不牢,就,难于区分。,例如：,17,2.,Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?,Yes.They have better players,so I,them to win.,A.hope,B.prefer,C.expect,D.want,C,1.The films made by Disney _all over the world.,A,are used to show B,are used to showing,C,used to be shown D,used to show,3.Id like to buy a housemodern,comfortable,and,_ in a quiet neighborhood.,A,in all B,above all,C,after all D,at all,B,C,18,1,）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；,2,）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。,解题诀窍,19,六,.,弄清语言环境,命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：,20,1.,Hey,look where you are going?,Oh,Im terribly sorry.,A.Im not noticing,B.I wasnt noticing,C.I havent noticing,D.I dont noticing,2.Robert is said _abroad,but I dont know,what country he studied in.,A.to have studied,B.to study,C.to be studying,D.to have been studying,A,3.Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting,but he,didnt show up.,A.should have arrived B.should arrive,C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving,A,B,21,1,）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；,2,）认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。,解题诀窍,22,1,推敲,体会为主,近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说,“,磨刀不误砍柴工,”,，这有助于提高答题准确率。,2,运用,实践为主,根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。,提高语境选择题解题质量的思考,23,3,提高,-,精练为主,单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。,24,Have a try,The car is already full,so there is no _ for the computer.A.room B.place C.space D.area,Li Lin came _ in the Englishspeaking contest.A.the second B.second C.a second D.seconds,We made Tom _ monitor of our class and _ monitor of Class 3 is Mike.A./;a B.the;the C.the;a D./;the,Lucy,as well as her friends,_ this book before.A.have read B.has read C.reads D.read,Each boy and each girl_reading attentively in the reading room.A.is found B.are found C.is found to D.are found to,-Look,this pen is nice and it writes well.-OK,I want to buy _.A.it B.that C.one D.the one,25,7.This is so difficult a question _ almost no one can answer.A.which B.that C.as D.but 8.Dont be afraid to ask for help _ it is needed.A.but B.though C.since D.when 9.-Can I stay in Beijing for a week?-No,not that long.Just a _ of days.A.number B.dozen C.few D.couple 10.With the man _ us,we finished the work on time.A.helping B.to help C.help D.helped 11.In their opinion,this film is _ one than the other two.A.the best B.the better C.a best D.a better,12.-Why didnt you study medicine?-I desired _ into trade,but later I decided to study English.A.going B.to have gone C.to go D.to going,26,完形填空,27,高考英语完形填空趋势,从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。,28,高考英语完形填空命题特点,1.,短文长度,200,词左右，生词少，难度适中。,2.,首句无空格，提供语境。,5-10,词设一人名、,地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少，,题目越难；反之亦然。,3.,选项多为一词，偶会为词组。四选项为同一类,词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前,后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。,29,高考英语完形填空命题特点,4.,考查单词以实词,(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.),为主，虚词,(conj.,prep.),为辅。实词一般占,80%-90%,，其中又以动、名、形为主。,5.,以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。,30,英语完形填空解题步骤,通读全文，统揽全局。,逐句分析，确定选项。,通盘理解，上下一致。,复读全文，核对答案。,31,完形填空解题分类实例分析,一,.,按词类分：,1.,实词,2.,虚词,3.,词组,二,.,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,2.,常识性选择,3.,近义词选择,4.,近形词选择,5.,惯用法选择,三,.,按句义选择,四,.,按语义选择,一,.,按词类分：,1.,实词,2.,虚词,3.,词组,二,.,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,2.,常识性选择,一,.,按词类分：,1.,实词,2.,虚词,3.,词组,二,.,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,2.,常识性选择,32,按词类分：,1.,实词,例,1,：,Everyone wants to be healthy and happy._1_,illness or accidents may occur without_2_.,1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately,c.Naturally d.Occasionally,2.a.reason b.information,c.warning d.notice,33,按词类分：,1.,实词,例,2:,Over the last few years manufacturers have been_1_reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more_2_.,1.a.steadily b.constantly,c.frequently d.essentially,2.a.valuable b.portable(,轻便的,),c.selective d.economical,34,按词类分：,1.,实词,例,3:,About 120,000 people_1_to the city every year.They come for the few_2_jobs,which are usually no better than_3_they left.,1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move,2.a.possible b.popular,c.available(,可用的,)d.convenient,3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones,35,按词类分：,2.,虚词,例,4,：,_1_you have chosen an article to read,you will find the important general information_2_the key facts in the first few paragraphs.,1.a.While b.Once,c.As soon as d.Whenever,2.a.with b.by c.for d.at,36,按词类分：,2.,虚词,例,5:,when I have free time,I go _1_a long walk.Some people read books or watch TV_2_others have sports.,1.a.to b.for c.on d.with,2a.and b.but c.yet d.while,37,按词类分：,2.,虚词,例,6:,the audience waited_1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2_the figures he could not remember.,1.a.for b.in c.at d.during,2.a.for b.of c.about d.on,38,按词类分：,3.,词组,例,7,：,He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he _2_into that place.,1.a.after all b.in all,c.at all d.for all,2.a.neednt go b.neednt have gone,c.shouldntt go d.shouldnt have gone,39,例,8,：,(,词组,),We _1_about when man first began to use salt,but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout the history._2_,it is recorded in many books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish.thousands of years ago in Egypt,salt_3_the dead.,1.a.have all known b.have no idea,c.havent any ideas d.have an idea,2.a.For example b.Such as,c.First of all d.Above all,3.a.used to preserve b.got used to preserving,c.used to preserving d.was used to preserve,40,例,9,：,(,词组,),The English language serves about 250 million people,or about one tenth of the worlds population,as a mother tongue,_1_,it is more or less correctly used by_2_100 million,more as a secondary language,ranging_3_from the Pidgin English(,混合语言,)of the Islands of Melanesia to the almost perfect speech of cultured foreigners.,1.a.However b.As a result,c.in addition to d.In addition,2.a.at least b.at most,c.most and least d.more than enough,3.a.all the way b.by the way,c.on the way d.in the way,41,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,例,10,：,_1_methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child-dull,bright,or normal.,1.a.Valuable b.various,c.Unique d.unusual,2.a.measure b.describe,c.illustrate d.recognize,42,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,例,11,：,The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1_that he didnt know its_2_worth.,1.a.promised b.claimed,c.admitted d.permitted,2.a.practical b.additional,c.adequate d.actual,43,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,例,12,：,_1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from_2_.,1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly,c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately,2.a.distress b.shock,c.failure d.trouble,44,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,例,13:,Being much too fat,Stella was advised to_1_her food for each meal,yet,she would have_2_of that.,1.a.relax b.reduce c.relieve d.remove,2.a.no b.not c.none d.nothing,45,按形式分：,1.,单纯性选择,例,14:,At an early age the youth will develop his_1_,and the kind of home life he has will greatly_2_the development.,1.a.hobby b.personality,c.intelligence d.knowledge,2.a.increase b.enhance(,增强,),c.encourage d.influence(,影响,),46,按形式分：,2.,常识性选择,例,15,：,Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time-either in Montreal,Barcelona.,and everyone knows that_1_started the Games.But most people dont know the real story.,1.a.Greeks b.French,c.Americans d.English,47,按形式分：,2.,常识性选择,例,16:,There are twenty-seven bridges over the Thames.Tower Bridge,the first bridge over the Thames as you travel toward_1_ from the sea,is the most famous of them all.,1.a.Europe b.America c.London d.China,48,按形式分：,2.,常识性选择,例,17:,One of the most famous statues in the would stands on an island in New York Harbor.,This statue is,of course,the Statue of liberty,().The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1_who holds a_2_up high.,1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old,2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lamp,49,按形式分：,2.,近义词选择,例,18,：,He used to have a_1_of coin-collection,but he has given it up.,1.a.custom b.habit c.hobby d.like,50,按形式分：,2.,近义词选择,例,19:,American school children can be seen every day_ white sneakers,blue sneakers,black sneakers and even red ones.,1.a.putting on b.having on,c.wearing d.dressing,51,按形式分：,2.,近义词选择,例,20:,The wounded soldier was unconscious but still_1_when taken to the hospital.,1.a.living b.alive c.live d.lively,52,按形式分：,2.,近义词选择,例,21:,While some people think that sugar is the best_1_of_2_,others believe that sugar is bad for human health.,1.a.origin b.source c.resource d.cause,2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strength,53,按形式分：,2.,近形词选择,例,23:,$500,000,000 is a small amount of money_1_the size of the market.,1.a.considered b.consideration,c.considerable d.considering,54,按形式分：,2.,近形词选择,例,24:,Its wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1_in Sydney,12 more than its previous best.,1.a.metals b.medals c.models d.modals,55,按形式分：,2.,惯用法选择,例,25:,It suddenly_1_me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.,1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d.drawn,56,按形式分：,2.,惯用法选择,例,26:,Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are_1_from harm.,1.a.kept b.freed c.prevented d.hidden,57,按形式分：,2.,惯用法选择,例,27:,We were almost exhausted before we finally_1_sight of the dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains_2_back to the fifteen century B.C.,1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took,2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returned,58,按句义分：,例,29:,It was after midnight,and I was on my way home.The footsteps that_1_me through the dark street in the East End of London were_2_of two young men who were obviously_3_no good.,1.a.stooped b.pursued(,追求,)c.followed d.traced,2.a.those b.that c.ones d.one,3.a.of b.for c.up to d.on to,59,按句义分：,例,30:,Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered_1_water.Water heats up more slowly than land,_2_once it has become warm it takes longer to fall_3_.,1.a.on b.with c.in d.by,2.a.so b.and c.then d.but,3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behind,60,按句义分：,例,31:,Mrs.White aid laughingly that_1_she was so young she should hide her packet in her pocket in_2_a policeman saw it._3_,the little girl did not seem to find this very funny.,1.a.as b.for c.while d.though,2.a.consequence b.time c.case d.fact,3.a.otherwise b.nevertheless(,然而,),c.Moreover d.Therefore,61,按句义分：,例,32:,Strangely enough,I once tried to get sick.I didntt wear a sweater _1_I should,and I walked in the rain_2_my boots and my feet got soaked.,_3_so far nothing wrong has happened.,1.a.while b.provided c.when d.though,2.a.with b.in c.by d.without,3.a.But b.Then c.Therefore d.Yet,62,按句义分：,例,33:,Some parents are greatly worried_1_their children fail to do well in their studies.They_2_either genetic factors or laziness,_3_they never take these non-intelligence factors into_4_.,1.a.about b.with c.when d.since,2.a.blame plain c.confuse d.condemn,3.a.nevertheless b.similarly c.therefore d.but,4.a.figures b.consideration c.granted d.reflection,63,按句义分：,例,34:,A credit card is a _1_of identification_2_,which the owner may obtain consumer credit,for the _3_of goods or services_4_than pay,cash.,1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways,2.a.by b.in c.through d.with,3.a.production b.possession c.purchase d.property,4.a.better b.more c.rather d.right,64,按句义分：,例,36:,_1_hungry,the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lords forest for fuel;,_2_when cold,they might cut down trees for fuel._3_,strong laws were passed in an_4_to protect the forests and the animals.,1.a.If b.When c.Once d.After,2.a.and b.but c.or d.yet,3.a.Besides b.In addition c.So d.However,4.a.effect b.effort c.offer d.afford,65,例,37,（按语义分）,People of Burlington are are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of High Education are in the bell tower of the_1_and have made up their minds to_2_the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run_3_through the narrow High Street.,1.a.college b.village c.town d.church,2.a.change b.repair c.ring d.shake,3.a.now and then b.day and night,c.up and down d.over and over,66,阅读理解,题型及技巧,67,6,、定语从句,e.g.In my opinion,cyber cafes,should be a place,where,we can,find much useful information.,Lets come to the main teaching,building,at the back of,which,stands,the school library.,7,、各种名词性从句,e.g.,Thats,what,I should do.,We should do a favour to,whoever,needs help at present.,68,8,、各种状语从句,e.g.,Time passed quickly,before,we knew it.,The moment,we reached the farm,we,got down to harvesting.,So long as,we work harder at our les