必修二-unit2-语法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,The Passive Voice,1,A.,主动语态表示主语是动作的,_,。,B.,被动语态表示主语是动作的,_,。,We,planted the tree.,The tree,was planted by us.,执行者,承受者,2,(1),不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。,e.g.Some new computers,were stolen,last night.,This book,was published,in 1981.,(2),强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。,e.g.The window,was broken by,Mike.,This book,was written by,him.,3,4,We,speak,English,.,主语,谓语,宾语,English,is,spoken,by,us.,5,1.People use a knife for cutting things.,A knife _ _ for cutting things.,2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.,The windows of their classroom _ _ twice a month.,is used,are,cleaned,EXERCISE,6,3.Beijing held the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.,The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.,4.The governmen,t built,many new buildings,stadiums and roads,.,Many new buildings,stadiums and roads _ by the government.,were built,were held,7,Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice,1.They make TV sets in that factory.,2.Northwest China grows the best cotton.,3.They use this room for playing Ping pong.,4.Bell invented the telephone in 1876.,TV sets,are made,in that factory,The best cotton,is grown,in Northwest China.,This room,is used,for playing Ping pong,The telephone,was invented,by Bell in 1876.,5.The manager made them work 10 hours a day.,They,were made,to work 10 hours a day,.,8,9,They,will,finish,the work,soon.,The work,will be finished,(,by them,)soon.,My father will not punish me for my mistake.,I,will,/,shall not be punished,by my father for my mistake.,10,Nobody _(allow)to enter,the stadium without a ticket.,2.Children _(not allow)to,make a noise and upset the competitors.,If they do,they _(take,away)from the stadium.,Rules for the audience,will be allowed,wont be allowed,will be taken away,11,3.No animals _(allow)in,the stadium.,4.Cheating by athletes _ _(not excuse).They _,(tell)to leave and _,(punish).,5.No smoking _(allow),if,you are discovered,you _(fine).,will be allowed,will not be,will be told,excused,will be punished,will be allowed,will be fined,12,The problem,isnt going to,be discussed,at the meeting tomorrow.,-,Are,these trees,going to,be cut down,?,-Yes,they are.,13,The sports meet,is not to,be held,on April,10th.,-,Are,new textbooks,to,be published,next week?,-No,they arent.,14,1.The work _ soon.,A.will be finished B.has been finished,C.will finish D.finishes,2.I _ if I finish the work within one day.,shall be praisedB.would praise,C.will praise D.praise,EXERCISE,15,3.These films _ until tomorrow morning.,cant develop B.arent developing,C.wont be developedD.wont develop,4.,All those old buildings _ down tomorrow.,A.will be knocked B.will knock,C.will have knocked D.knock,16,5.A party is going to _ tonight.,Would you like to go with me?,Id like to,but I have to look after,my sick mother.,A.organize B.have been organized,C.be organizing D.be organized,6.,No decision _ about any future,appointment until all the candidates,have been interviewed.(2008北京),A.will be made B.is made,C.is being made D.has been made,17,7.,In the near future,more advances in,the robot technology _ by,scientists.(2011湖南),A.are making B.are made,C.will make D.will be made,18,Translation.,他一到达这个城市就会被认出。,He,will be recognized,as soon as he arrives at this city.,这部新电影将在下周四上映。,The new film,will be shown,next Thursday.,我们不会受到邀请。,We,will not be invited,.,2020,年奥运会将在日本的东京举行。,The 2020 Olympic Games,will be held,in Tokyo,Japan.,19,The Present Perfect Passive Voice,现在完成时的被动语态,20,现在完成时,have/has+,过去分词,现在完成时的被动语态,have/has+been+,过去分词,21,1.In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.(,天津,2011),A.have produced,B.have been produced,C.are producing,D.are being produced,从,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。,22,2.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.(,福建,2010),promised B.were promised,C.have promised D.have been promised,3.His sister left home in 1998,and _ since.(2009,全国卷,I),A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of,C.had not heard of D.has not heard of,23,4.I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.(,安徽,2008),A.taught B.have taught,C.are taught D.have been taught,5.Though we dont know what was discussed,yet we can feel the topic _.,(,陕西,2008),A.had changed B.will change,C.was changed D.has been changed,24,6.I got caught in the rain and my suit _.(,北京,2007),has ruined B.had ruined,C.has been ruined D.had been ruined,7.Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.(,北京,2011),have conducted,B.have been conducted,C.had conducted,D.had been conducted,25,1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.,The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now.,2.China has sent up man made satellites into space.,Man made satellites,have been sent up,into space.,EXERCISE,Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice,26,3.We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.,A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.,4.The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.,A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.,27,5.They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.,A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.,6.The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.,A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.,28,主语,+am/is/are+being+,过去分词,现在进行时的被动语态,结构,用法,表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，经常和时间副词,now(,现在,),right now(,现在,此刻,),at present(,现在,目前,),at this moment(,此刻,),连用。,29,1,）表示说话时正在进行的一个动作，,主语和谓语动词之间是,被动关系,强调主语是动作的,承受者,。,e.g.Our English,is being,taught by Miss,Wang now.,意义,瞧！那个婴儿正由他的姑姑照料着。,Look!The baby,by her aunt.,is being,taken care of,30,2),表示这,一段时间,正在进行的一个被动的动作。,Many speeches,are being,held these days.,新的功能目前正在添加到相机上。,New functions,the camera at present.,are being added to,3),表示,按计划或安排,将要进行的一个被动动作,今晚将要进行一场圣诞晚会。,A party,tonight.,is being,held,31,从,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。,1.It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.(,陕西,2010),A.are being built B.were being built,C.was being built D.is being built,32,2.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.(,天津,2010),are exhibiting,B.is exhibiting,C.are being exhibited,D.is being exhibited,33,3.Hi,Terry,can I use your computer,for a while this afternoon?,Sorry._.(,江苏,2009),A.Its repaired,B.It has been repaired,C.Its being repaired,D.It had been repaired,34,4.Would you please keep silent?The weather report _ and I want to listen.(,湖南,2009),is broadcast,B.is being broadcast,C.has been broadcast,D.had been broadcast,35,5.Why dont we choose that road to save time?,The bridge to it _.(,四川,2009),A.has repaired B.is repaired,C.is being repaired D.will be repaired,36,6.Whats that noise?,Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new,machine _.(,浙江,2008),A.was tested B.will be tested,C.is being tested D.has been tested,37,I.,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.A:Where is Kate?,B:She _(criticize)by the teacher in the office.,2.A:Where are the children?,B:They _(take care of)by their aunt.,is being criticized,are being taken care of,38,3.A:What is happening over there?,B:A party _(hold).,is being held,4.-Why it is so noisy out there?,-Oh,its because the road,.,(repair),is being repaired,39,II.,用被动语态改写下列句子。,1.They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.,The milu deer is/are being studied at the research centre.,2.She is teaching the boy a lesson.,The boy is being taught a lesson.,40,3.Now he is making the girl laugh.,4.They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.,Now the girl is being made to laugh.,The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.,41,7.You should water trees often.,8.You must not plant trees in very dry earth.,Trees,should be watered,often.,Trees,must not be planted,in very dry earth.,42,一般现在时：,am,is,are,p.p.(done),一般过去时：,一般将来时：,过去将来时,:,现在进行时,:,过去进行时：,现在完成时：,过去完成时：,被动语态的构成,was,were,p.p.(done),will,shallbe,p.p.(done),am/is/are going to be+p.p.(done),would be+p.p.(done),am/is/are,being,+p.p.(done),was/were,being,+p.p.(done),have/has,been,+p.p.(done),had,been,+p.p.(done),43,在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？,1.,表示状态的动词，如,have,，,cost,，,fit,，,last,，,own,，,hold,，,become,等往往不能用于被动语态。,例如：,The shirt fits him very well,He is fitted very well by the shirt,【正】,【误】,44,2.,祈使句一般没有被动语态。,例如：,Look at the blackboard,，,please,The blackboard is looked at by you,【正】,【误】,45,3.,某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。,例如：,He joined the League in 1998,The League was joined by him in 1998,【正】,【误】,46,4.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。,例如：,You must look after yourself,Yourself must be looked after.,【正】,【误】,47,5.不及物动词没有被动语态,happen发生；,rise升起；,fall 落下；,fail失败；,occur发生；,exist 存在；,remain仍然，保持；,appear 出现；disappear消失；,last持续；,48,6.系动词没有被动语态,taste,尝起来；,sound,听起来；,feel,摸起来；,smell,闻起来；,look,看起来；,49,7.不及物动词短语没有被动语态,belong to属于；,take place发生，举行；,come about 产生，发生；,break out爆发；,date back to追溯到；,date from 追溯到；,come to an end 结束；,run out,用完，耗尽；,come into being,形成，产生；,refer to,提到，说到,come to life,苏醒过来；,consist of,由,组成,catch fire,着火；,50,主动表示被动的若干情况,51,1.当,open,close,shut,lock,move等,用作不及物动词且,表示主语的某种属性时,，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：,The door wont shut.这门关不上。,The supermarket doors shut automatically.超市的门是自动关的。,52,该用法的不及物动词通常与,cant,wont,等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：,The window wont shut.这窗户关不上。,(说明主语的属性窗户有问题了),The window wont be shut.这窗户将不用关上。,(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关),53,2.当,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry,等用作不及物动词且,表示主语的某种属性,时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。,The book sells quickly.这书销售得快。,This shirt will wear very long.这衬衫可以穿很久。,54,3.某些表示开始和结束的动词(,begin,start,finish,end,等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义：,When does the concert begin?,The play ended at ten o,clock.,55,4.不定式,to blame,to let,用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动：,Who is to blame?该怪谁呢？,The house is to let.此屋出租。,56,5.某些,“,be+形容词+to do,”,结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,The question is difficult to answer.,Do you think the water is safe to drink?,57,6.,be worth,后的动名词要用主动表被动：,In all,the book is worth reading.,This might be worth thinking about.,be worthy,worthwhile,它们需要用,主动表示被动吗？,58,7.在,need,want,require,等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义：,The plants want watering every day.,This wall requires repairing.,以上结构中的动名词,改用不定式,则要用被动式表示被动意义：,This sentence needs explaining to be explained.,59,8.不定式用于某些动词(如,have,get,want,need,等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：,I have some letters to write.,比较：,I have something to type.,I have something to be typed.,(,指自己打字,),(,指请人打字,),60,1Honey,this is a present for your birthday.,Ah!A pair of shoes,well-known brand-Nike!I think it must _ comfortably.,A.be worn,B.be wearing,C.have worn,D.wear,D,61,2,.,I had a fall yesterday,and my right knee still _ a lot now.,A.is hurt B.hurt,C.has hurt D.hurts,3.Although this poem is short,it _ very well.,A.reading B.is read,C.reads D.is being read,D,C,62,63,64,谢谢大家！,65,