48个英语音标教学课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,学好音标开好头,语音的重要性：,英语学习的最终目的是交际，而交际是通过口语来进行的，语音在此过程中起着至关重要的作用，所以语音是语言的基础。只有学好发音，才能加强对语言的感受，最有效地掌握语法和词汇，提高实际使用的能力。,英语国际音标简介,音素是语音的最小单位，一个音素就是一个音。,48,音素 元音 辅音,音标是用于标记读音的符号，也就是音素的书面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。,音标在标注字母或单词的读音时，音标外要用方括号,或两条斜线括起来，以免与单词或字母混淆。,（一）元音,（二）辅音,单元音：,“单元音,435,，前中后分得清；长音,：,短音无”,前元音,/i:/e/,中元音,/,/:/,后元音,/:/,/,/:/u:/,/i:/,发音要领：,(1),舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬高。,(2),双唇扁平，牙床几乎半合。,(3),这是长元音，发音时嘴角向旁伸，做微笑状，并要有一定的延长。,me mi:,see si:sea si:,meet mi:t heat hi:t,need ni:d free fri:,feel fi:l bee bi:,/,发音要领：,1.,舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，比,/i:/,要低。,2.,嘴型扁平，牙床开得比,/i:/,宽。,3.,可从,/i:/,出发，下颚稍稍下垂，舌前部也随之稍稍下降。,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,p,i,g,b,i,g,d,i,g,k,i,d,k,i,c,k,p,i,c,k,猪,大的,挖,小孩子,踢,采摘,M,i,lk/milk/,牛奶,hit/hit/,打，击中,m,i,nute/minit/,分钟,city/siti/,城市,f,i,sh/fi/,鱼,hill/hil/,小山,window/wind/,窗,happy/kpi/,快乐,f,i,t/fit/,适合的,thin/,in/,瘦的,rabbit/rbit/,兔子,live/liv/,居住,I,s/iz/,是,this/is/,这个,mus,i,c/mju:zik/,音乐,h,i,s/hiz/,他的,f,i,fteen/fifti:n/,十五,/e/,发音要领,1,）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高。,（,2,）双唇中常，上下齿间可容下一食指，口腔肌肉松弛。,注意事项,（,1,）发,/e/,音时，口不能张得太大。,（,2,）要避免舌头随便移动，从而发成其他的双元音。,发音练习,。,朗读下面的单词,leg le,tell tel,desk desk,bed bed,bread bred,L,e,g/leg/,腿,e,gg/eg/,鸡蛋,B,e,d/bed/,床,d,e,sk/desk/,桌子,P,e,n/pen/,笔,e,lephant/elifnt/,大象,g,e,t/get/,获得,s,e,ven/sevn/,七,Y,e,s/jes/,是的,el,e,ven/levn/,十一,/,发音要领：,（,1,）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高，音短促。,（,2,）双唇向两边平伸，成扁平形。上下齿间可容两指宽度。口腔肌肉松弛。,m,a,p h,a,t f,a,t b,a,d m,a,d,b,a,ck m,a,n h,a,nd th,a,nk,Im a c,a,t,c,a,t,c,a,t,In a c,a,p,c,a,p,c,a,p.,The f,a,t c,a,t s,a,t on the bl,a,ck m,a,t.,Tongue twister:,A b,i,g bl,a,ck bug b,i,t a b,i,g bl,a,ck bear.,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,a,d,b,a,d,s,a,d,d,a,d,b,a,g,爸爸,坏的,伤心的,广告,书包,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,b,a,t,c,a,t,c,a,p,b,l,a,c,k,蝙蝠,/,球拍,猫,帽子,黑色的,p,朗读下面的句子,(1),A,s a m,a,tter of f,a,ct,the m,a,n is f,a,t.,(2)The c,a,t c,a,tches a f,a,t r,a,t.,(3)A f,a,t m,a,n r,a,n after a bl,a,ck c,a,t.,(4)She h,a,s a bl,a,ck b,a,g.,(5)M,a,ck comes b,a,ck very late.,Homework,1.Copy the vowels and the consonants.,2.Learn the tongue twister by heart.,中元音：,/,/:/,中元音发音要领：,1,、舌尖抵住下齿，但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。,2,、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。,3,、不圆唇。,/,发音要领：,1,、舌身平放，舌中部略隆起。,2,、牙床半开半合，唇形扁或中圆。,/,不出现在重读音节中，在词首或词中时发音较模糊，在词尾时适当拖长。,teach,er,rememb,er,play,er,speak,er,farm,er,doct,or,act,or,delici,ou,s danger,ou,s,doll,ar,t,o,gether t,o,morrow t,o,day Washingt,o,n p,o,lite,a,go eleph,a,nt banan,a,J,a,pan Chin,a,happ,e,n,ago u,panda pnd,brother br,sister sist,winter wint,river riv,breakfast brekfst,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。,2,、牙床开得较狭窄，双唇和发,/i:/,时相似。,3,、注意长度，不要发得太短,。,g,ir,l sh,ir,t sk,ir,t b,ir,d,t,ur,n b,ur,n n,ur,se t,ur,tle h,ur,t,l,ear,n,ear,n h,ear,d,t,er,m h,er,w,or,k w,or,m w,or,ld,/:/,her h:,bird b:d,work w:k,shirt:t,girl:l,skirt sk:t,/,发音要领：,发,/,时，声音要短促，不能拖泥带水。,u,p s,u,pper l,u,nch f,u,n c,u,p b,u,s,c,o,me m,o,ther d,o,se br,o,ther l,o,ve ab,o,ve,tr,ou,ble,bl,oo,d,fun fn,bus bs,must mst,cut kt,luck lk,sun sn,son sn,duck dk,后元音,/:/:/U:/,后元音发音要领：,舌尖离开下齿，舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起。除,/:/,用开扁唇外，其他双唇收圆。,发,/:/:/U:/,时要注意长度，不要发得太短。,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；口张大，舌身压低并后缩。,2,、双唇呈扁型。,ar,m,ar,t h,ar,d,f,a,st l,a,st cl,a,ss f,a,ther,B,ar,k b,ar,k b,ar,k,The dog is b,ar,king,a,fter the c,ar,.,/:/,art :t,hard h:d,star st:,card k:d,dark d:k,arm:m,start st:t,/:/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；舌后部抬得比,/,略高。压低并后缩。,2,、双唇也收得更圆更小，并需用力向前突出。,3,、注意长度不要发得太短。,al:small wall talk tall hall ball call walk,or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor,caught daughter,au:autumn August bought warm,“w+ar”,ar,发,:warm war toward,/:/,/:/,door d:,law l:,call k:l,more m:,small sm:l,story st:ri,tall t:l,/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；口张大，舌身压低并后缩。,2,、双唇稍稍收圆。,3,、可先发,/:/,音，然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩，双 唇稍稍收圆（不要突出），即可发出,/,。,o:hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss dollar,a:want wash watch,au:because,Bob Bob Bob,is an orange dog.,/,hot ht f,o,x,stop stp d,o,g,not nt p,o,t,box bks cl,o,ck,sorry sri,what wt,/,发音要领：,1,、舌尖离开下齿；舌后部向软腭抬起，舌身后缩。,2,、双唇收圆，稍向前突出。,oo:l,oo,k g,oo,d f,oo,t b,oo,k w,oo,d,ou:sh,ou,ld c,ou,ld,u:p,u,t p,u,sh,O:w,o,man,/,put put,book buk,good ud,look luk,cook kuk,foot fut,/u:/,发音要领：,1,、双唇比,/,收得更圆更小，向前突出，舌后部比,/,抬得 更高。,2,、注意长度，不要发得太短，口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。,o:d,o,sh,o,e wh,o,oo:f,oo,d t,oo,m,oo,n n,oo,n,u:tr,u,e bl,u,e,/U:/,shoe u:,food fu:d,cool ku:l,room ru:m,noodle nu:dl,双元音,双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。双元音的两个成分中只有第一个读得比较重、长和清晰，第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。,以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,.,如,:1),含元音音素,ei,字母,:Aa Hh Jj Kk,音标,:eieitdei kei,2),含元音音素,i:,字母,:BbCc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv,音标,:bi:si:di:i:di:pi:ti:vi:,3),含元音音素,e,字母,:Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz,音标,:ef el em en es eks zed,4),含元音音素,ju:,字母,:Uu Qq Ww,音标,:ju:kju:dblju:,5),含元音音素,ai,字母,:Ii Yy,音标,:ai wai,常发这个元音的字母是,“,a,”,，此外，还有字母组合,“,ai,”,、,“,ea,”,、,“,eigh,”,、,“,aigh,”,、,“,ay,”,、,“,ey,”,等,.,发音要领：,1.,口形由,/e/,向,/,滑动。,2.,发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位也随之稍稍抬高。,n,a,me l,a,ke g,a,me sn,a,ke pl,a,ce s,ay,pl,ay,l,ay,eigh,t,/e/,/e/,make meik date deit,data deit cake keik,wait weit name neim,lake leik table teibl,发音要领：,1.,先发,/a/,音，然后滑向,/i/,音。舌尖抵住下齿。,2.,发此音的关键是要把,/a/,音发足，注意从开到合的滑动。,常发这个音的字母是“,i”,和“,y”,，字母组合则有：“,ey”,、“,ie”,、“,ui”,、“,uy”,、“,igh”,、“,eigh”,等,h,igh,b,uy,/a/,/a/,fly flai cry krai my mai,kind kaind buy bai,发音要领：,1.,这是个双元音，由两个元音构成，第一个是,/,和 短音,/i/.,2.,发音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动，不到第二个音就结束。,常发这个音的是字母组合：“,oi”,和“,oy”,。,b,oy,t,oy,destr,oy,n,oi,se,oi,l sp,oi,l p,oi,nt,/,boy bi toy ti oil il,noise niz voice vis,发音要领：,1.,由两个元音构成，第一个音是,“,短音,”,/,，第二个音是,“,短乌音,”,/u/,。,2.,发音时，先打开下颔骨，嘴唇略微呈圆形，口形较大，舌端离下齿，舌身放低后缩，舌后部微抬起，然后随着发音过程的变化口形收圆缩小，舌后部继续向后缩并抬起。,常发这个音的有字母,“,o,”,、字母组合,“,oa,”,、,“,ou,”,、,“,ow,”,、,“,ew,”,以及,“,ough,”,等,n,o,g,o,h,o,me,th,o,se,hell,o,zer,o,g,oa,t b,oa,t b,ow,/,coat kut cold kuld,boat but know nu,old uld low lu,N,o,g,o,S,o O,ld,H,o,me Th,o,se r,o,se,/e/,/a/,i,发音要领：是双唇张开,，,从,/i/,音滑向,/,音。前面的,/i/,发得较清楚，后面的,/,或较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。舌抵下齿逐渐过渡为上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”。,eer,：,beer deer,ear,：,ear dear near,ere,：,here,ea,：,idea,/,ear i near ni clear kli,here hi media mi:di,beer bi deer di,发音要领：,由,/e/,向,/,滑动，舌身稍向后 缩，口型由半开变为扁平。,ear,：,pear bear,air,：,chair air fair hair pair,are,：,care hare,ere,：,there where cheer,/e/,air hair h,share pear p,hardware h:dw,au,ou,：,house out south cloud house,proud loud mouse round about,mouth,ow flower down now cow how town,发音要领：,发音时，由,/a/,滑向,/u/,，结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。,/a/,out aut now nau how hau,house haus mouth mau,oor:poor,ure:sure sure pure,u,发音要领：,发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把,/u,音发足，然后滑向,/,音。,/,tour tu poor pu sure u,u,au ,i,1.hate,憎恨,2.mat,草席,8.hope,希望,7.hop,单足跳,6.suck,吸,5.hike,远足,9.kit,用具包,4.slit,撕开,3.mate,伙伴,Lets read together.,Lets read together.,a字母组合,al,1,4,2,3,ay,ar,air,ass,ea,ea,ee,ea,er,ear,ea,ear,ere,er,e字母组合,1,4,5,10,9,8,6,2,3,7,igh,i字母组合,ir,1,2,o字母组合,10,9,8,1,4,5,6,2,3,7,11,12,13,oy,ou,ow,ow,oa,or,our,ou,oo,oor,or,ong,oo,ur,u字母组合,There is a little b,ee,.,Coming from the apple tr,ee,.,Flying in the flowers.,And cant s,ee,m,e,.,The br,ow,n c,ow,is,ou,t n,ow,.,B,ar,k.B,ar,k.B,ar,k.,The dog is b,ar,king,a,fter the c,ar,.,Look.This is little,John.,Goes to bed with his trousers,on.,One shoe off and one shoe,on.,Look.This is little,John.,1.The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.,2.The four tall reporter are talking about sports.,3.I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.,I have a pear near the chair.,4.Today is cold.Dont forget to put on your coat.You,can go to school by boat.,5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday.6.David is saying”Maybe Kate cant skate.”,7.The ugly man has one hundred ducks.,8.The farmer has a large farm and a car.,9.After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass.,10.Miss Mo,Shes tall.She has a dog,its small.She likes walking and riding a horse.,1.The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.,2.The four tall reporter are talking about sports.,3.I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.,I have a pear near the chair.,4.Today is cold.Dont forget to put on your coat.You,can go to school by boat.,5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday.6.David is saying”Maybe Kate cant skate.”,Tomorrow is my birthday.But I have a stomachache.My parents always say:Dont eat too much cake.Dont forget.Kate!Ok.Ok.Ok.,