英语动词讲解课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,中考语法专项复习,之,动词的分类,一、中考对动词的知识要求：,中考对动词的考查有：,1,、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；,2,、掌握系动词,be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep,等的基本用法；,3、掌握助动词,be,do,have,shall,will,的基本用法；,4.掌握情态动词,can,must,need,may,等基本句型结构及主要用法；,动词分类,概念,能独立作谓语的动词,本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。,本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。,有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,（一）实义动词,_,本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。,I,like,the book.,2._,自身意思完整，无需接宾语。,Birds can,fly,.,及物动词,不及物动词,实义动词主要,考察词义辨析,1,动词,+,宾语,I like English very much.,2,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,We call the bird Polly(n.).,加名词作宾补的词有,choose,consider,elect,make,name,I would like you,to come,to my hometomorrow.,1,）动词,+,宾语,+,不定式,(to do),（宾补）,advise,allow,cause,enable encourage,find,forbid,force,wish,invite,order,permit,persuade remind,tell,warn,expect,wish,2,）动词,+,宾语,+,省略,to,的不定式（宾补,）,一些动词要掌握，,have,let,和,make,此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”,see,，还有,feel,和,watch,，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“,to”,，此点千万要牢记,一感,feel,二听,hear,listen to,三让,have,let,make,四看,see,look at,observe,watch,3）动词+adj(做补语),colour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cut,Please colour it red.,I find it interesting.,4）动词加现在分词做补语,get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;,see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/,discoversb.doing,如:他让我等了整整一上午。,Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.,5）动词加过去分词（补语）,过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有,have,get,make,have sth done,我理发了。,I have had my hair cut.,我让别人明白了。,I made myself heard.,I made myself,hear that song,.,3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,pass,post,read,return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write,+sb+sth/,sth,to,sb,book,buy,choose,cook,draw,fetch,find,fix,get,make,order,pick,prepare save sing,spare steal,+sb sth/,sth,for,sb,不及物动词,1.没有被动形式的词,happen,occur,rise,lie,die,2.,主动表示被动的词。动词,+,(well,poorly,easily),sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh,1.Dry wood,burns,easily.,2.The cloth,washes,well.,既作及物又有不及物动词的词,他跑的快。,He runs fast.,他经营一家工厂。,He runs a factory.,study,，,fly,，,run,change,二、动词考察点分项说明：,（,一）、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、,过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；,1,、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：,动,词,特,征,变,化,例,词,一般动词,词尾加,-s,look-looks find-finds,以,s,x,ch,sh,或,o,结尾,词尾加,-es,watch-watches,push-pushes,以,“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾,变,y,为,i,再加,-es,fly-flies,2,、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的变化,：,规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。,动 词 特 征,变 化,例 词,一般动词,词尾加,-ed,look-looked,looked,以,e,结尾,词尾加,-d,live-lived,lived,以“辅音字母,+Y”,结尾,变,y,为,i,，再加,-ed,carry-carried,carried,以重读闭音节或,r,音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母，再加,-ed,stop-stopped,stopped,不规则动词的变化。（见九年级英语下册不规则动词表）,3,、动词的现在分词的构成：,动 词 特 征,变 化,例 词,一般动词,直接加,-ing,look-looking watch-watching,以,e,结尾,去,e,加,-ing,come-coming move-moving,以重读闭音节或,r,音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母，再加,-ing,swim-swimming run-running,以,ie,结尾且为重读开音节,变,ie,加,y,再加,ing,die-dying lie-lying,三、掌握系动词,be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep,等的基本用法；,常见的连系动词有：,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall,等。,它,们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。,Please keep the classroom clean.,请保持教室的干净。,The bread looks very fresh.,这些面包看上去很新鲜。,状态变化系动词,系动词,用法,习惯搭配,朝坏的方面变化,wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blind etc.,表颜色等,red,green,表成长中的变化,strong,tall,由动态到静态转变,ill,sick,asleep,转向好的状态,true,alive,常用来指人或物的状态的变化,become,接名词时,名词前接冠词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,get,become,四、掌握助动词,be,do,have,shall,will,的基本用法；,助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独,作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，,语态，和数的变化。,常见的助动词有：,（,1,）,be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been),与现在分词结合，,构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。,Im looking for my pen.,我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）,These cups are made in China.,这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）,（,2,）,have(has,had,having),与过去分词结合，构成完成时。,They have known each other for twenty years.,他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）,He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.,他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）,（,3,）助动词,do(does,did),后只能跟动词原形，与,not,及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。,He does not speak English.,他不说英语。,When did he come back?,他什么时候回来的？,（,4,）,will(would),shall(should),：,will,能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；,would,是,will,的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。,The plane will arrive in ten minutes.,飞机十分中后将要到达。,I was sure we would win.,我确信用我们会赢。,shall,与,should,这两个助动词本身没有词义，,shall,只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；,should,是,shall,的过,去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。,We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.,我们明天将在校门口见。,I told them that I should do the work alone.,我告诉,他们我将独自做那项工作。,（,五）掌握情态动词,can,must,need,may,等基本句型结构及主要用法,情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。,情态动词的种类：,原 形,过去式,词 义,can,could,能,may,might,可以（或许）,must,must(had to),必须（不得不）,will,would,愿意,shall,should,应该,need,needed,需要,dare,dared,敢于,In detail,一、连系动词(,be,look,get),二、使役、感观动词(,let,make,feel,三、主动表被动(,sell,write,）,四、只接动名词做宾语(,mind,enjoy),五、只接不定式作宾语(,ask,decide),六、宾语不同、意义不同 (,stop),七、,接动名词、不定式意义区别不大(,like),八、宾语不同、但意义相 同(,need,require),九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同(,allow),十、接虚拟语气(,suggest),十一、瞬间非延续性动词(,come),十二、表计划未能实现的动词(,plan),十三、情感动词类(,excite),十四、否定前移类(,think),十五、不带不定式作复合宾语(,wish,hope),十六、,省略替代类(,guess),（,六）掌握情态动词,can,must,need,may,等基本句型结构及主要用法,情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。,情态动词的种类：,原 形,过去式,词 义,can,could,能,may,might,可以（或许）,must,must(had to),必须（不得不）,will,would,愿意,shall,should,应该,need,needed,需要,dare,dared,敢于,一、连系动词类,变化类:,become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,go bad/hungry/mad/wrong,fall(fell-fallen)ill/asleep,feel(felt-felt)sick/sleepy,感观类:,look,sound,feel,taste,smell,His voice sounds _.,A.well B.beautifully,C.excellent D.wonderfully,C,显得类:,seem,appear,look,It looks,It seems that,It appears that,状态类:,keep,stay,remain,prove,turn out,1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks.,A.last B.remain C.get D.turn,2.The hot weather will,_,another two days.,A.last B.remain C.get D.turn,B,A,The weather,turned out,(to be)fine.,He,proved,(to be)honest/an honest person.,注：,be,become,turn,remain,可带名词,He,remains,a,teacher.,=He is,still,a,teacher.,1.He,became,_ teacher.,A.a B.the C.an D./,A,D,二、使役、感观动词类：,let(,不用于被动）,make,have,see,look at,watch,notice,observe,hear listen to,feel,1.The boss,made,them _12 hours a day.,A.work B.to work,C.worked D.working,2.They were made_12 hours a day.,A.work B.to work,C.worked D.working,A,B,口诀1：,1),四,看二听一感觉，外加,make,have,和,let”,四,看：,see/watch/notice/lookat/,二听：,hear/listento,一感觉：,feel,口诀,2：,不定式作宾语补足语时省,to,的动词,【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助,【妙语诠释】一感：,feel；,二听：,hear，listen to；,三让：,make，let，have；,四看：,see，notice，watch，observe；,半帮助：,help,三、主动表被动类：,(,well,poorly,easily),sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh,1.Dry wood,burns,easily.,2.The cloth,washes,well.,3.The man always,dresses,well/poorly.,4.Your composition,reads,well except for a few spelling mistakes.,5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert?-No,the tickets_well and they _out last week.A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold,A,6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt,for it_.,A.wont wash out B.doesnt wash away C.isnt washing out D.hasnt washed away,7.They tried to get the car_,but it wont_.A.started;start B.to start;start C.started;started D.to start;to start,A,A,四、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组,mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,miss,keep,suggest,appreciate,practice,delay,finish,dislike,excuse,imagine,consider,forbid,escape admit,advise,allow,put off,give up,be worth,be busy,devoteto,look forward to,be used to,lead to,succeed in,spend/waste time(in)have a good/hard time(in)have difficulty/trouble(in)there is no use(in),1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden.,A.visit B.paying a visit,C.walk in D.walking in,2.I would appreciate_back this afternoon.,A.you to call B.you call,C.your calling D.youre calling,3.The day he has looked forward to_,at last.,A.coming B.came C.come D.comes,D,C,B,口诀：,喜欢、考虑不可免（,enjoy,consider,escape,avoid）,停止，放弃太冒险（,stop,give up,risk）,反对想象莫推延（,mind,imagine,delay,put off）,要求完成是期望（,require,finish,look forward to.）,建议继续勤操练（,suggest,go on,practice）,不禁原谅要坚持（,cant help,excuse,insist on）,继续注意使成功（,keep on,mind,succeed in）,五、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组,decide,expect,hope,wish,order,refuse,promise,pretend,agree,seem,attempt,fail,offer,happen,warn,afford,make up ones mind to,be determined to used to,be about to,be able to,have to would like/love to=should like/love to,1.I would love_to the party last night.,A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone,A,2.Mr Smith warned her son_after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,3.She pretended_me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen,A,A,口诀1：,三个希望两答应：,hope，wish，want，agree，promise,两个要求莫拒绝：,demand，ask，refuse,设法学会做决定：,manage，learn，decide,不要假装在选择：,pretend，choose,口诀2：,“,要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”,a,要求，想要，希望,(,want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)b,同意,(,agree,promise)c,意愿,(,care,hate,refuse)d,决定，企图,(,determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage,),六、宾语不同、意义不同,1),go on,to do/go on doing,2),stop,to do/stop doing,3),remember,to do/remember doing,4),forget,to do/forget doing,5),mean,to do/mean doing,6),regret,to do/regret doing,7),try,to do/try doing,8),cant help,(to)do/cant help doing,cant help but do=cant but do,=have to do,I cant help but tell him the truth.,1.-I usually go there by train.,-Why not_by boat for a change?,A.to try going B.trying to go,C.to try and go D.try going,2.-The light in the office is still on.,-Oh,I forgot_.,A.turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,D,C,口诀：,能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：,forget,go on,mean,remember,stop,try,，,regret,巧记，,即,四,记,力争不后悔,。四记指,(,记得,/,记住；忘记；计划,/,打算；继续,),；力争指,try,；,不后悔指,stop regretting-stop,与,regret,。,七、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大,begin,start,continue,like,love,hate prefer,It,began,raining.,It,is beginning,to rain,.,I,prefer,staying,home,to,going,out.,I,prefer,to stay,home rather than,go out,.,Tired as he was,he,continued,to work,.=Though he was very tired,he,continued,working,.,He,likes,playing,football,but he doesnt,like,to play,football today.,八、宾语不同、但 意义相同,need,require,want,deserve,The room requires,to be cleaned.,=The room requires,cleaning.,1.This sentence needs_.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,2.The baby needs_.A.looked after B.looking after C.look after D.to look after,B,九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同,allow,permit,forbid,advise,admit consider,We,forbid,smoking,here.,We,forbid,anybody,to smoke,here.,You are,forbidden,to smoke,here.,口诀：,advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.,连接首字母即为,a fus cap,（,阿福的帽子）,阿福的帽子，代表七动词，宾补不定式，宾语动名词,十、接虚拟语气的词,1),insist,2)order,command 4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend 4)demand,ask,require,request,1.He,ordered,that we,(should),leave at once.,2.His,order,that we,(should),leave at once was right.,3.He,insisted,that his brother_ there.,A.go B.went C.going D.to go,4.He,insisted,that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free.,A.do;be B.had done;was,C.had done;be D.did;was,5.His voice,suggested,that he_angry.,A.is B.be C.was D.were,6.He,suggested,that the boy _ sent to hospital at once.,A.was B.be C.is D.were,A,C,C,B,“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句，用陈述语气即是陈述已知或发生过的事,口诀1：,一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求,其宾语从句用“,should+,动词原形”，,should,既可以省略，,should,也可以保留。,一坚持，即,insist,；,二命令，即,order,command,；,三建议，即,suggest,propose,advise,；,四要求，即,ask,demand,require,request,。,口诀2：,“,i drop caps”,在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，,谓语动词要用动词原形或,should+,动词原形。,iinsist,ddemand,rrequest/require/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,pprefer,ssuggest.,十一、瞬间非延续性动词,go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate,buy,marry-be married seat-be seated,hide-be hidden engage-be engaged,die-be dead begin-be on join-be in,borrow-keep come-be/stay,leave-be away buy-have=have got,1.He,died,ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years.,A.been died B.been dead,C.died D.been dying,2.When Jack,arrived,he learned Mary,_for almost an hour.,A.had gone B.had set off,C.had left D.had been away,B,D,He,is,leaving,for Beijing tomorrow.,The boy is so sick that he,is,dying,fast.,The bus,is,coming,.,The train,is,leaving,.,十二、表计划未能实现的动词,intend,mean,hope,plan,expect,think,want,suppose,promise,I,had,hoped,to come here,but I had an unexpected visitor.,十三、情感动词类,表示人的内在感受的动词,encourage,excite,inspire,interest,amaze,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,astonish,shock,disappoint,discourage,puzzle,worry,tire,touch,relax,1.The news sounds _.(encourage),2.The play was so _ that nearly everybody was _ to tears.(move),3.Looking at her paper,she nodded with a_ smile on her face.(satisfy),4.He looked at me with a_look.(puzzle),encouraging,moving,satisfied,moved,puzzled,十四,、,否定前移类,believe,imagine,suppose,think,feel,guess,1.I,dont think,he can finish the work,_?A.cant he B.can he C.do I D.dont I,2.We,dont believe,she knows it,_?A.does she B.doesnt she C.do we D.dont we,3.You,dont think,he can finish it,_?A.do you B.dont you C.can he D.cant he,B,A,A,口诀：,“,否定转移”的,5,个常用词：,我认为（,think,）,猜想（,suppose,）,与想象（,imagine,）,都不可相信（,believe,），,我期待（,expect,）,等着你的回答。,eg:I dont think hell come tomorrow.,十五,、,不带不定式作复合宾语,hope,agree,suggest,demand,imagine,would rather,I,wish,him to come.,=I,hope,that he will come.,I,allowed,/,permitted,him to go there.,=I,agreed,that he can go there.,He,advised,me,to,do,it right now.,=He,suggested,(to me),that I,(should),do,it right now.,I,prefer,him,to,go,there.,=I,would,rather,he,went,there.,I,cant,imagine,such a girl like Mary,doing,such a thing.,He,wanted,me,to,do,it.,=He,demanded,that I(should),do,it.,口诀：,(1),劝教命请叫,(,advise,teach,order,command,ask,teld)(2),允许又警告,(,allow,permit,warn)(3),使役表意向,(,cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)(4),知觉动词妙,(,feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice),十六,、,省略替代类,1）,believe,think,suppose,expect,guess,I think so.I think not=I dont think so,2)hope,fear,be afraid+so/not,3)intend,want,plan,wish,like,love,hate,hope,try,would(should)like/love to,Do you want to have a rest?Yes,I want,to,but I cant.,Did you get the new stamps?No,I tried,to,but there wasnt any left in that post office.,I didnt mean to call you at late night,but I had,to,as I did have something important to tell you.,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，此课件供参考！,部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请与我联系删除！感谢你的观看！,