英美概况美国概况.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Survey of the U.S.,1,The U.S.A,2,contents,Part one,:,Geography,Part two,:,History,3,Geography,Chapter I:a general introduction,Chapter II:population,Chapter III:the fifty States,Chapter IV:the development of American,Economy,Chapter V,:,the main cities,4,History,Chapter I:colonization of North America,Chapter II:the American War of Independence,Chapter III:the growth of the Nation,Chapter IV:the American Civil War,Chapter V:the U.S Imperialism&WWI,Chapter VI:America Before&During WWII,Chapter VII:The postwar America,5,The Names for the country&the people,the United States of America,the USA,the United States,the U.S.,America,Uncle Sam,Brother Jonathan,Yank(Yankee),.,6,The National Emblem,1.the flying white eagle,2.the crown,3.13 stars,4.olive-branch and arrows,5.a yellow ribbon,e pluribus Unum,6.national flag,8,7.the white eagle/American eagle,strength,courage,freedom,immortal,“the king among birds”.,8.the Emblem stands for:,Independence,courage,power,9,Part I Physical Geography,Chapter I:,a general introduction,1.Three Geographical Divisions,2.The three Major River Systems,3.Climate,4.Natural Resources,5.Territory,10,Location,11,Total area:,9.37 m sq.km,the 4,th,largest country,Population:300 million,Consists of:50 states,a federal district,-the District of Columbia,12,Topography,.,13,Scenic spots in the west,.,1.The Yellowstone National Park,Wyoming,;,2.The Grand Canyon,Arizona,;,3.Yosemite National Park,California,;,4.Redwoods forests along the coastline,;,5.The Death Valley,California,;,14,2.the Three Major River System&the five Great Lakes,.,1)the Gulf system:,2)the Atlantic system:,3)the Pacific system:,4)the Great Lakes,15,The Gulf System:,1.the Mississippi River,2.two main tributaries:Missouri&Ohio,16,The Atlantic System:,1)Hudson River,2)Dalaware River,3)the Potomac River,4)St.Lawrence River,17,The Pacific System:,1)Columbia River,2)Colorado River,18,The Great Lakes,Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron,Lake Erie,Lake Ontario,S,M,E,H,O,19,3.Climate,1)The main feature:,varied,temperate zone&mild subtropical zone,2)From East to West:,A.Northeast coast&the Great Lakes areas:,temperate,B.Southeast&the Gulf plain:,subtropic,20,C.The Central plain:,continental climate,D.the western plateaus:,E.the Pacific coastal areas:,F.Alaska:,G.Hawaii:,21,3)Disastrous weather,1)Hurricane,2)tornado,3)snowstorm,22,4.Natural resources,rich in deposits,:,forestry,:,water power,:,23,Rich deposits,1.fuel:,coal,oil,natural gas,2.Ferrous&Nonferrous metals:,iron ore,copper,zinc,:,24,forestry,1.1/4 of the territory;,2.Northwestern pacific coast:90%,3.The North:,4.The South,:,25,Water resources,Columbia River&Colorado River:,the Ohio river,The Great Lakes&St Lawrence River:,26,Territory,The expansion of its Territory.,27,Chapter II Population,The composition of the population,:,The distribution of population:,The characteristics of the population:,28,1.Complex composition:,1)The native American,2)The white:80%,3)The black:,4)Mexicans:,5)Puerto Ricans,6)Japanese,Philippines,Chinese,29,2.The uneven distribution:,1)Atlantic coastal areas:,2)the five Great Lakes,3)the Pacific coast;,4)the Gulf of Mexico,3.The characteristics of the population:,1)diversity-cultural pluralism,2)uniformity(assimilation),language,habits&ways of living,ideas,ideals and objectives,-a“Melting Pot”,30,1.The New England Region,:,2.The Middle Atlantic Region:,3.The South Region:,4.The Midwest Region,5.the Region of the Great Plain,6.the West Region:,7.Alaska,8.Hawaii,9.Overseas colonies*,Chapter III the Fifty States,31,The New England Region:,Six states,Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Connecticut,Rhode Island,Maine,N H,Vermont,Massachusetts,Connecticut,R I,32,The Middle Atlantic Region:,6 states,New York,New Jersey,Pennsylvania,Maryland,Delaware,West Virginia,N,NJ,NY,PA,WV,Delaware,M,33,The South Region:11states,Virginia,North&South Carolina,Georgia,Florida,Kentucky,Tennessee,Alabama,Arkansas,Mississippi,Louisiana,Vir,S C,N C,Geo,Flo,Ala,Mis,Tennes,Kentucky,Louis,Arkan,34,The Midwest Region:,8 states,Ohio,Michigan,Indiana,Illinois,Wisconsin,Minnesota,Iowa,Missouri,Ohio,Michigan,Indiana,Illinois,Wisconsin,Minnesota,Iowa,Missouri,35,The Region of the Great Plains:,6 states,North Dakota,South Dakota,Nebraska,Kansas,Oklahoma,Texas,36,The West Region,the mountain states,:,4,the great plateau states,:,4,the Pacific Coast states,:,3,37,the mountain states,:,4,Montana,Wyoming,Colorado,New Mexico,Montana,Wyoming,Colorado,New Mexico,38,the great plateau states,:,4,Idaho,Utah,Nevada,Arizona,Idaho,Utah,Nevada,Arizona,39,the Pacific Coast states,:3,Washington,Oregon,California,Wa,Or,Ca,40,7.Alaska,41,Hawaii,42,9.Overseas Colonies:,Guam,Eastern Samoa,Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,43,Chapter III American Economy,1.Major factors contribute to the U.S.fast economic growth,:,2.Agriculture,3.Industry,4.Main characteristics,44,1.What are the major factors contribute,to the U.S.fast economic growth?,geographic:,historic:,governmental:,45,2.American Agriculture,1)worlds leading exporter of agricultural,products,2)highly modernized and intensified,3)an important sector in national,economy,4)major crops,46,3.Industry,1)the leading industrial country in the,world;,2)Major industries:p28,4.,Main features of its economy,1)Highly monopolized featuring big corporations p27,2)Small enterprises are very important and essential p 28,47,Chapter IV the Main Cities,1.Washington D.C.7.Houston,2.New York City 8.San Francisco,3.Chicago 9.Boston,4.Los Angeles 10.Pittsburgh,5.Philadelphia 11.St.Louis,6.Detroit,48,Washington D.C.,1.The position,the capital,the headquarters of all the branches,of the American federal system,2.location,.,3.the name:,4.the Capital Hill,the Capitol,.,&the White House,.,49,5.Places of interest,The National Mall,.,The Washington Monument,The Library of Congress,The National Air and Space Museum,the Lincoln Memorial,Jefferson Memorial,Potomac River,50,The map of Washington D.C,.,n,51,Capitol,.,52,The National Mall,.,53,The National Air and Space Museum,54,Lincoln Memorial by Potomac River,55,Jefferson Memorial,.,56,Washington Monument by Potomac River,57,Map of New York,58,The Statue of Liberty,59,Wall Street,60,World Trade Center,61,Broadway,62,Time Square,:,63,Rockefeller Center,64,Guggenheim Museum,65,Metropolitan Museum of Art,66,Bronx Zoo,67,Greenwich Village,68,Washington Arch in Washington Square,:,69,The Fifth Avenue,70,Madison Street,71,Chicago,1.location,2.Position,3.History,72,Los Angeles,1.location:,2.Position:3rd largest city,:,-shipping,industry,communication center,-aviation center:,-electronic center,-film center,:,73,74,Philadelphia,.,1.Location,2.Position,1)historic significance,-the birthplace of the nation,-“the city of brotherly love”,-major historical spots,:,2)commerce,finance&culture center,75,Detroit,1.Lies on the Detroit river between Lake,Huron&Erie,2.“the motor city”,76,Houston,Space City of U.S.A,location,position,-industrial centre of the South West,-space city,-Agriculture center,77,San Francisco,78,Location,position,-principal gateways to the East,-chief port and financial center,-birthplace of the UN organization,-largest Chinese settlement,79,Boston,1.location,2.position,-a major seaport,-a city with glorious history,-largest market of wool,shoe&,leather industries,-famous universities,80,Pittsburgh,Upper part of Ohio River,Steel city,81,St.Louis,location,position,-gateway to the West,-2nd largest motor city,-with highly modernized&specialized industries,-rich in natural resources,-inland navigation&transportation center,-international trade&financial center,history,82,Part II American History,Chapter I:Colonization of North American,Chapter II:the American war of Independence,Chapter III:the Growth of the Nation,Chapter IV:the American Civil War,Chapter V:the U.S.Imperialism and the WWI,Chapter VI:America Before&During the WWII,Chapter VII:The Post America,83,Chapter I:Colonization of North America1607-1776,1.Native American,2.the discovery of America,3.colonization of North America,84,1.Native American,Originated from Asia,Name,Lived in tribes with kinship as the basis,:,Good at decorative art,:,Lived on hunting and farming,Major crops,:,85,1.two important figures:,Christopher Columbus*,Amerigo Vespucci*,2.The discover of America,86,3.Colonization of North America,1)the early explorations:,A.the Spanish exploration,87,B,.English exploration:,Henry VII(15th C),Elizabeth age,-Francis Drake,the first successful colony,Jamestown,Virginia,in 1607;,the eastern shores of the present U.S.,88,C.French exploration,St.Lawrence river,the great lakes,the,whole Mississippi valley,the first permanent colony:,Quebec,:,D.Dutch explorations:,Hudson River,Manhattan,89,French exploration&English exploration,.,90,2)The founding of the Thirteen Colonies,:,A.,Reasons that drew people to America:,in search of wealth,priests spreading Christianity,refuge for political dissenters,the thirst for adventure,91,B.Three sections:,the southern colonies:,the middle colonies,:,the north colonies,:,92,The original 13 colonies,93,Middle colonies,.,94,The Puritan,Arose in late 16th C;,Purify the corruptions in Roman Catholic Church as well as ones life and name;,Simplify Catholic ceremonies,Look upon fun&pleasure as sinful,Intolerant in nature,Great influence on both Britain&the U.S.,95,The Pilgrims and the Mayflower,Plymouth,Massachusetts,1620,96,1.The origin:,Plymouth,Massachusetts,Nov 21,1621.,A national holiday in 1863,2.Intention and manner of celebration:,-churches open to give thanks for Gods generosity,-Thanksgiving dinner:,-Thanksgiving parade:,3.A day of celebration and family reunion,Thanksgiving,97,3)Colonial Life,A.everyday life:,shelter:caves,log cabin,:,clothing:simple and rough,:,food:plentiful,B.Education:,-New England,-the southern colonies,-Harvard in 1636&Yale in 1701,98,C.,Religion,-Congregationalists church,-Episcopal,-various other sects,D.,Government:,a governor in each colony represents,the King,*call the legislature:,*appoint officers,*commander of the colony“militia,”.,99,Chapter II The War of Independence,1.The contradiction between Britain&colonies,2.The Unity of the colonies,3.The fire of Lexington and the Declaration of Independence,4.Progress of the war&its Significance,5.The Confederation&the Constitution,100,1.The Contradictions,:,1)growing population&wealth results in less dependence on England,2)Britains economic exploitation&strict policies,A.the Stamp Act,B.the Townshend Acts,3)resistance and repealing of the Acts,:,4)the Boston Massacre,&,committees of,correspondence,5)the Boston“Tea Party”,&,“Intolerable Act”,101,2.the Unity of the colonies,:,1)supplies to Boston people after the,“Intolerable Acts”,2)the first Continental Congress,1774,3)preparations for war,-collection for arms&ammunition,-training militia,102,3.The Fire of Lexington&the,Declaration of Independence,1)the first shots,1775,2)the Second Continental Congress,:,-continental Amy&Navy under the,command of George Washington,-assume the function of a national,government,103,3)drafting&adoption of the Declaration,of Independence,July,4,1776,A.content:,-list grievances against British King;,-explain the philosophy behind the,revolution,:,B.significance,:,-marked the birth of a new nation:,the United States,104,*,men have a natural right to,“life,liberty,and the pursuit of Happiness”,*governments can rule only with“the,consent of the governed”,*any government may be dissolved when,it fails to protect the rights of the people,.,105,The Declaration of Independence,We,therefore,the Representatives of the united States of America,in General congress,Assembled,appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions,do,in the Name,and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies,solemnly publish and declare.,106,That these United Colonies are,and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States;that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain,is and ought to be totally dissolved;and that,as Free and Independent States,they have full Power to levy War,conclude Peace,contract Alliances,establish Commerce,and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right,107,独立宣言,我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。,-摘自独立宣言,108,Later,John Hancock,refers to someones signature,so,“,your John Hancock”,means,your signature.,“your John Hancock”,109,4.progress of the War:1775-1783,1)the War in the north:,the battle of Trenton,The battle of Monmouth,2)The turning point of the War,the victory of Saratoga,:,3)Help from France,a great diplomatic and military victory,.,110,Saratoga Battle,Time:1777,General Burgoyne v.s General Horatio Gates,111,4)The War in the West,5)The War in the South:,-Yorktown battle,:,6)Treaty of Paris,Sep,3rd,1783,.,Canada,Florida,Mississippi,112,Yorktown Battle,Time:1781,Cornwallis v.s Washington,American-French Alliance,113,5.The significance:p69,6.The Confederation and the Constitution:,1),Confederation period,1783-1789,2),the making of the Constitution,1787,A.,the background:,B.,the structure of the government:,the executive,the judicial,the legislative,House of Representative Senate,114,C.,The Bill of Rights:,Federalists Anti-federalists,John Hamilton,.,Thomas Jefferson,The First Ten Amendments,-the Bill of Rights,.,3),The first two politic parties:,the Federalists v.s the Republicans,.,115,two aspects of American politics,:,-the need for a strong,efficient central authority,-the need to ensure individual liberties.,116,Chapter III the growth of the nation,1.Washingtons Administration&the,Federalists government,2.John Adams&the overthrow of Federalists,3.Thomas Jeffersons Administration,4.The War with England 1812-14,5.the Administration of James Monroe&,John Adams,6.Andrew Jacksons Administration&the,U.S.Mexican War,117,1.Washingtons Administration&the,Federalists government:,1)the inauguration,2)the establishment of Cabinet&the,Supreme Court,3)measures strengthening central,government&the conflicts between,Federalists and Republicans,2.John Adams&the overthrow of Federalists,118,3.Jeffersons Administration,1)the first president inaugurated,in Washington,2)took measures to develop the,young nation,bought Louisiana from France,119,4.The War with England 1812-14,-the Second War of Independence,1)The background,2)Results:,Treaty of Ghent,3)Significance:,120,5.the Administration of James Monroe,&John Adams,-three important issues:,1)slavery:,2)Monroe Doctrine,3)the Political Quarrel between E&W,121,6.Andrew Jacksons Administration,&the U.S.Mexican War,1)Andrew Jacksons Administration:,A.background,B.the role Jackson played,*promoting the progress of economy,*maintain the unity of the Union,*consolidating the capitalist regime,122,2)the U.S.-Mexican War(1846-1848):,A.cause:,expansionism,B.nature:,an aggressive war,C.result:,M