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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考语法复习系列二,名 词,名词,专有名词,(Proper Nouns),普通名词,(Common Nouns),个体名词,(Individual Nouns),集体名词,(Collective Nouns),物质名词,(Material Nouns,),抽象名词,(Abstract Nouns),不可数名词,(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词,(Countable Nouns),1.,可数名词的复数,给出下列名词的复数形式,policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquito,policem,e,n,child,ren,m,ic,e,t,ee,th,f,ee,t,potato,es,hero,es,lea,ves,shel,ves,roof,s,li,ves,bab,ies,monkey,s,branch,es,thie,ves,mosquito,es,watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-on,watch,es,lad,ies,fox,es,fl,ies,brush,es,tomato,es,inch,es,hal,ves,kilo,s,piano,s,cal,ves,passer,s,-by,go-between,s,grown-up,s,girl friend,s,sister,s,-in-law,m,e,n servant,s,looker,s,-on,I.,可数名词的复数变法,情况,加法,例词,一般情况,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词,以辅音,y,结尾的词,以辅音,+o,结尾的词,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词,加,-s,加,-es,去,y,加,-ies,多数加,-es,把,f/fe,改成,ves,Brothers;schools,Buses;watches;dishes,Ladies;countries,Heroes;tomatoes,Halves;leaves,不规则名词单复数变化,:,（,1,）,单复数同形,:,sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(,工厂,),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,（,2,）,改变字母,：,man-m,e,n,woman-wom,e,n,policeman-policem,e,n,saleswoman-saleswom,e,n,foot-f,ee,t,tooth-t,ee,th,goose-g,ee,se,Mouse-M,ic,e,phenomenon-phenomen,a,另,：,penny,（,pen,ce,或,penn,ies,）,（,3,）,增加字母,:,child-child,ren,ox-ox,en,(6),合成名词的复数形式,：,将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数,：,looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law,将最后一部分变为复数：,grown-up(s),go-between(s),(,中间人,），,good-for-nothing(s),(,无用之人）,含,boy,girl,lady,等的合成的名词：,它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。,如：,boy students,girl friends,lady drivers,含,man,或,woman,的合成名词：,它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：,a man doctor,two men doctors,A,名词只能用复数形式的短语：,do exercise,s,（,做操,）,take note,s,(,做笔记）,take turn,s,（轮流）,make repair,s,（搞修理）,change train,s,（,改换火车,）,make friend,s,with,（交朋友）,shake hand,s,with,(,握手）,as follow,s,（如下）,in rag,s,（,衣衫褴褛,）,in dozen,s,（成打的）,B,有些名词单复数形式含义特别,常见,woods works,waters clothes,customs manners,sands spirits,feelings goods,papers surroundings,games forces,times looks arms conditions Instructions,（,森林,),（,工厂,）,(,水域,),(,衣服,),(,海关,),(,礼貌,),(,沙滩,),(,精神,烈酒,),(,感情,),(,货物,),(,报纸,文件,),(,环境,),(,运动会,),(,军队,),(,时代,),(,外表,),(,武器,),(,形式,情况,),(,说明,),II.,不可数名词的”数”,1.,抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：,抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）,in surprise,惊讶地,a surprise,一件令人惊讶的事,win success,获得成功,a success,一个,(,件,),成功的人,(,事,),win honor,赢得荣誉,an honor,一个,(,件,),引以为荣的,(,事,),Failure(,失败,)is the mother of success,失败是成功之母。,a failure,失败者,by experience,靠经验,an experience,一次经历,youth,青春,a youth,一个青年人,have pity on sb.,怜悯某人,a pity,可惜的事情,with pleasure,乐意,a pleasure,乐事,2.,抽象名词与,a(an),连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：,A knowledge,of English is,a must,in international trade.,Would you like to have,a walk(swim,bath,talk),with me?,It is,a waste of time,reading such a novel.,She made an apology to her mother for her wrong,doings.,3.,物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。,have breakfast,have,a wonderful breakfast,The road is covered with snow.,They have,a heavy snow,every year.,Time and tide wait for no man.,We had,a wonderful time,last night.,4.,有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：,The boy burst into,tears,at the bad news.,The rising waters did a lot of harm to the,crops,.,The stone bridge broke down in heavy,rains,.,常见的不可数名词,progress advice fun,information furniture work,baggage luggage news,jewelry weather paper(,纸张,),equipment trouble,knowledge homework,有复数形式的不可数名词,有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：,Use your,brains,please.,They have smoothed away the,difficulties,.,Have you made,preparations,for tomorrows meeting?,Many,thanks,for your kindness.,No,pains,no,gains.,After many,failures,they finally succeeded.,III.,名词单复数的特殊情况,:,(1),集体名词只用作复数,：,police,cattle,people,poultry,the youth,(2),集体名词用作不可数名词,:,clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth,(3),集体名词视具体情况而定单复数,：,family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy,(4),只有复数形式的名词,:,clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resources,(5),以,s,结尾但不表示复数,:,mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods,(,森林,),works,(,工厂,),(6),有没有,s,结尾意义不同,：,glass glasses,cloth clothes,work works,water waters,wood woods,goodgoods,time times(,时代,),paper papers(,论文,),green greens(,青菜,),custom customs(,海关,),spirit spirits(,酒精,情绪,),light lights(,灯,),experience experiences(,经历,),arm arms(,武器,),iron irons(,镣铐,熨斗,),compass(,指南针,)compasses(,圆规,),(7),姓氏后加,s,并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩,:,the Greens,；,the Chengs,(8),名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：,make faces/,a face,（,做鬼脸,）,Have talks/,a talk,with sb,.,(,与某人交谈）,Play jokes/a joke on,（拿,开玩笑）,Make contributions/,a contribution,to,（为,做贡献）,(9),名词单复数意义不同的短语：,Have,a word,with sb.,（,与,某人说句话,）,Have words with sb.,（与,某人吵架）,Make cloth,(,织布）,Make clothes,（制衣）,名词的所有格,一,:,s,型用法（有生命的所有格）,有生命的所有格,李平的自行车,汤姆的作品,Tom and Marys father,Toms and Marys fathers,2.,表某人家，店铺名称，常,省去,所有格后的,名词,At Greens,at my uncles,At the tailors,Li pings bike,Toms works,共有,各有,表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等,todays newspaper,ten minutes walk,the stations waiting room,4.somebody,someone,who+else,所有格加在,else,后,如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？,If this dictionary isnt yours,who,elses,can it be?,二,：,of,型,.Of,型（无生命名词所有格）,我们学校的学生,房间的窗户,The students of our school,the window of the room,2.,双重属格,：,既有,s,的属格，又有,of,的属格。通常,s,属格表示所有关系，,of,属格表示部分与整体的关系。如,:,a friend,of,my fathers;a book of Toms,3.,表示“某人自己的”的属格,:,用,of ones own,表示，不可用,of,反身代词。,例如：,This is the house,of my own,.,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作表语,He is an,artist,.,He played,football,yesterday.,Tom,often watches TV,every Sunday.,三：名词在句子中充当的成分,4.,作定语,5.,作宾语补足语,He named the baby,Tonny,.,Mr Yang is a,computer,teacher.,
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