初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目.doc

　初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是：
　　1.问候
　　a.Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi.
　　b.How are you? 　Fine, thank you, And you?　Very well, thank you.
　　2.介绍
　　a.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss...
　　b.How do you do?
　　Nice/Glad to see/meet you.
　　c.My name is….
　　I’m a student/worker etc.(here).
　　3.告别
　　a.I think it’s time for to leave now.
　　b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)
　　See you later/tomorrow. (See you.)
　　 Good night.
4.打电话
　a.Hello! May I speak to …?
　 b.This is… (speaking)
　　 Hold on, please.
　　 He/She isn’t here right now. Can I take a message for you?
　　c. I called to tell/ask you…
　　d. Goodbye.
　　5.感谢和应答
　　a.Thank you (very much).　Thanks a lot.
　　Many thanks.　Thanks for…
　　b.Not at all. That’s all right.　You’re welcome.
　　6.祝愿，祝贺和应答
　　Good luck!
　　Best wishes to you.
　　Have a nice/good time.
　　Congratulations!
　　　Happy New Year!
　　Merry Christmas!
　　Happy birthday to you.
　 The same to you.
　　7.意愿
　　I’m going to… I will...
　 I’d like to… I want/hope to…
　　8.道歉和应答
　　a.I’m sorry. (Sorry.)
　　I’m sorry for/about…
　　Excuse me.
　　b.That’s all right.
　　It doesn’t matter.
　　That’s nothing.
　　9.遗憾和同情
　　What a pity!
　　I’m sorry to hear…
　　10.邀请和应答
　　a.Will you come to…?
　　Would you like to…?
　　b.Yes, I’d love to…
　　Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.
　　c.I’d love to, but…
　　11.提供（帮助等）和应答
　　a.Can I help you?
　　What can I do for you?
　　Here, take this/my…
　　Let me…for you.
　　Would you like some…?
　　b.Thanks. That would be nice/fine.
　　Thank you for your help.
　　Yes, please.
　　c.No, thanks/thank you.
　　That’s very kind of you, but…
12.请求允许和应答
a.May I…?
　　Can/Could I…?
　　b.Yes/Certainly.
　　Yes, do please.
　　Of course (you may).
　　That’s Ok/all right.
　　c.I’m sorry, but…
　　You’d better not.
　　13.表示同意和不同意
　　a.Certainly/Sure/Of course.
　　Yes, please.
　　Yes, I think so.
　　b.That’s true/OK.
　　That’s a good idea.
　　I agree (with you).
　　c.No, I don’t think so.
　　I’m afraid not.
　　I really can’t agree with you.
14.表示肯定和不肯定
　　a.I’m sure.
　　I’m sure (that) …
　　b.I’m not sure.
　　I’m not sure whether/if…
　　c.Maybe/Perhaps
　　15.喜好和厌恶
　　a.I like/love… (very much).
　　I like/love to…
　　b.I don’t like (to) …
　　I hate (to) …
　　16.谈论天气
　　a.What’s the weather like today?
　　How’s the weather in…?
　　b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, etc.
　　It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isn’t it?
　　17.购物 Shopping
　　a.What can I do for you?
　　May/Can I help you?
　　b.I want/I’d like…
　　How much is it?
　　That’s too much/expensive, I’m afraid.
　　That’s fine. I’ll take it.
　　Let me have…kilo/box, etc.
　　c.How many/much do you want?
　　What colour/size/kind do you want?
　　d.Do you have any other kind/size/colour,etc.?
　　18.问路和应答
　　a.Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room?
　　Excuse me, can you tell me the way to…?
　　How can I get to…? I don’t know the way.
　　b.Go down this street.
　　Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.
　　It’s about …metres from here.
　　19.问时间或日期和应答
　　a.What day is (it) today?
　　What’s the date today?
　　What time is it?
　　What’s the time, please?
　　b.It’s Monday/Tuesday, etc.
　　It’s January 10th.
　　It’s five o,clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty, etc.
　　It’s time for…
　　20.请求
　　a.Can/Could you…for me?
　　Will/would you please…?
　　May I have…?
　　b.Please give/pass me…
　　Please wait (here/a moment).
　　Please wait for your turn.
　　Please stand in line/line up.
　　Please hurry.
　　c.Don’t rush/crowd.
　　No noise, please.
　　No smoking, please.
　　21.劝告和建议
　　a.You’d better…
　　You should…
　　You need (to)…
　　b.Shall we…? Why not...? Why don’t you ...?
　　Let’s…
　　What /How about…?
　　22.禁止和警告
　　a.You can’t/mustn’t…
　　If you…, you’ll…
　　b.Take care !
　　Be careful !
　　Look out !
　　23.表示感情
　　a.喜悦 Pleasure, joy
　　I’m glad/pleased/happy to…
　　That’s nice.
　　That’s wonderful/great.
　　b.焦虑
　　What’s wrong?
　　What’s the matter (with you)?
　　I’m/He’s/She’s worried.
　　Oh, what shall I/we do?
　　c.惊奇 Surprise
　　Really?
　　Oh dear?
　　Is that so?
　　24.就餐
　　a.What would you like to have?
　　Would you like something to eat/drink?
　　b.I’d like…
　　Would you like some more…?
　　Help yourself to some…
　　c.Thank you. I’ve had enough/Just a little, please.
　　25.约会
　　a.Are you free this afternoon/evening?
　　How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening?
　　Shall we meet at 4: 30 at…?
　　b.Yes, that’s all right.
　　Yes, I’ll be free then.
　　c.No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free…
　　All right. See you then.
　　26.传递信息
　　a.Will you please give this note/message to…?
　　b.asked me to give you this note.
　　c.Thanks for the message.
　　27.看病
　　a.There’s something wrong with…
　　I’ve got a cough.
　　I feel terrible(bad).
　　I don’t feel well.
　　I’ve got a pain here.
　　This place hurts.
　　b.Take this medicine three times a day.
　　Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
　　It’s nothing serious.
　　You’ll be right/well soon.
　　28.求救
　　a.Help!
　　b.What’s the matter?
　　29.语言困难 Language difficulties
　　 Pardon.
　　 Please say that again/more slowly.
　　 What do you mean by…?
　　 I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
　　 I’m sorry I know only a little English.
　 同学们在中考复习时，首先应熟记教材第一至三册中出现的常用交际用语和习惯表达法。重点掌握问路、打电话、购物、看病、就餐和谈论天气等六种情景中的表达方法。明确学习交际用语的目的是为了培养与讲英语人士进行口头交际的能力。学习日常交际用语，要了解西方的风土人情，必须记住一些典型的日常交际用语；要明确谈话的场合和对象，因为在许多交际场合，怎么问和怎么答都有一些约定俗成的语言；要注意中西文化传统和背景的不同，使用得体的语言。因此，同学们必须熟悉这些套话，熟练地掌握它们。这样才能结合自己所处的环境，知道在什么时候、什么地方、用什么方式、对什么人使用恰当的语言表达出自己的意思，给予正确的应答，还要能自如应付各种形式的测试，如单项选择、对号入座、补全对话及排列顺序等。
　　 做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点：
　　1. 要根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达法。
　　2. 要正确判断出对话的情景。
　　3. 问话或答语不能离题。
　　4. 用筛选法选择正确对话。
　　5. 从语意进行判断。
　　6. 根据习惯用法进行选择。
　　7. 答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。
　　8. 要使用文明礼貌的语言。
　　9. 要遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。

　　【中考范例】

　　1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

　　 ---Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

　　 ---_________, but I must finish my homework first.

　　 A. Of course not B. That’s all right

　　 C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do

　　 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是如何婉拒别人的邀请。对方邀请出去散步，但因为要做家庭作业而婉言拒绝。符合这一情景的答语只有C。

　　2. (2004年江西省中考试题)

　　 ---I haven’t seen Jack for three days. Is he ill?

　　 ---________. His mother told me that he was in hospital.

　　 A. I am afraid so B. I hope not

　　 C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not

　　 【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是如何回答别人的询问。对方询问某人是否有病，由于答话人已经知道某人有病（从后一句答语可知），只能给出肯定回答。

　　3. (2004年济宁市中考试题)

　　 ---Thank you for your delicious dinner.

　　 ---__________.

　　 A. Don’t say that B. It’s nothing

　　 C. I don’t think so D. I’m glad you enjoyed it

　　 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是如何回答别人的感谢和赞扬。说英语国家的人在回答别人的感谢和赞扬时与中国人的习惯不同, 他们不是自我谦虚，而是表示高兴。
　　【满分演练】
　　一. 单项选择
　　1. ---I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your mistakes.
　　----_________ .
　　A. Not at all B. You’re welcome
　　C. Of course D. It’s a pleasure
　　2. ---I’m sorry. I’ve broken your cup.
　　---_______ .
　　A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you
　　C. Not at all D. Excuse me
　　3. ---Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?
　　---_________
　　A. It doesn’t matter. B. That’s nothing.
　　C. Good idea! D. You’re welcome.
　　4. ---Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday, Jenny?
　　 ---Yes, __________.
　　 A. I do B. I’d like to C. I’d love to do D. I’m busy
　　5. ---What a nice meal! Thank you for having us.
　　 ---________.
　　 A. It doesn’t matter B. It was a pleasure
　　 C. Not nice enough D. With pleasure
　　6. --Wish you a happy New Year!
　　 ---________.
　　 A. The same to you B. You do too
　　 C. The same as you D. You have it too
　　7. ---Hello. May I speak to Tom Smith?
　　 ---Yes. _______.
　　 A. My name’s Tom Smith B. I’m Tom Smith
　　 C. This is Tom Smith D. Tom Smith’s me
　　8. ---What are Johnson’s family like?
　　 ---____________.
　　 A. His family is just like mine B. They all like sports and games
　　 C. Oh, it’s really a big one D. They are all warm-hearted and helpful
　　9. ---Do you mind if I open the door?
　　 ---_______.
　　 A. No, of course not B. Yes, please
　　 C. Yes, you can D. No, you can’t open it
　　10.---Help yourself to some fruit.
　　 ---__________
　　 A. Thank you. B. Yes, I like it very much.
　　 C. OK. It’s nothing serious. D. Really?
　　二. 交际英语
　　1. ---__________________ ??
　　---Hold on, please.
　　A. Are you Bruce, please
　　B. Who are you
　　C. Are you at home, Bruce
　　D. May I speak to Bruce, please?
　　2. ---Could you tell me how to get to Peterson Building, please??
　　---________________.
　　A. Don’t ask me
　　B. Sure. You can take the No.3 bus
　　C. You’re welcome
　　D. Thank you all the same?
　　3. ---Oh, what a nice picture! You draw very well.?
　　---________________.
　　A. Yes, it’s very bad
　　B. Yours is good
　　C. Of course not
　　D. Thank you?
　　4. ---What’s wrong with you??
　　---_________________.
　　A. I’ve got a headache
　　B. She’ll take some medicine
　　C. I’ve got a new bike
　　D. I’m a doctor?
　　5. ---Happy New Year!?
　　---________________.
　　A. You are happy
　　B. The same to you
　　C. Happy birthday
　　D. Yes, I’m happy, too?
　　6. ---What’s the weather like??
　　---_______________.?
　　A. I like the weather
　　B. It’s sunny
　　C. I don’t like the weather
　　D. It’s rain
　　7. ---________________??
　　---It’s Saturday.
　　A. What’s the date
　　B. What time is it
　　C. What day is it today
　　D. How much is it?
　　8. ---Would you like to come to my house for supper??
　　---__________________.
　　A. I’d love to. But I’m afraid I can’t
　　B. Yes, I can’t
　　C. No, I would
　　D. Yes, I wouldn’t
　　9. ---What can I do for you, madam??
　　---__________________.
　　A. I can help myself?
　　B. No, I don’t need?
　　C. Yes, please help me?
　　D. I’d like to buy a pair of shoes of my daughter?
　　10. ---I’ve passed the exam.?
　　---__________________.
　　A. Congratulations!
　　B. Bad luck!
　　C. Thank you for telling me.
　　D. It’s nothing.
　　三. 补全对话
　　John: Hello, Jim. May I come in?
　　Jim: Oh, hello, John. Yes, come in, please.
　　John: You don’t look well. What’s the matter?
　　Jim: __1__
　　John: Oh dear! Why don’t you go to bed for a rest?
　　Jim: __2__
　　John: shall I call him and tell him you’re ill?
　　Jim: __3__
　　John: OK. I’ll do that. I’m going to the shops now. Can I get you some medicice?
　　Jim: __4__
　　John: Yes, of course. Is there anything else I can do?
　　Jim: __5__
　　John: see you later then. Take care!
　　A. Oh, yes, please. His number is in the phone book.
　　B. No, I’ll be all right. Thanks for your help.
　　C. My head hurts and I feel really hot.
　　D. Could you buy me a bottle of aspirin,please?
　　E. It doesn’t hurt very much.
　　F. I can’t. I will play ping-pong with our teacher this afternoon.
　　G. Do you think it’s a good idea?