高中动词时态基础专业知识讲座.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。,英语中的十六种时态：,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.一般过去将来时,5.现在进行时,6.过去进行时,7.将来进行时,8.过去将来进行时,9.现在完成时,10.过去完成时,11.将来完成时,12.过去将来完成时,13.现在完成进行时,14.过去完成进行时,15.将来完成进行时,16.过去将来完成进行时,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son,Father:,You know,Tom,when Lincoln,_(be),your age,he,_(be),a very good pupil.In fact,he,_(be),the best pupil in his class.,Tom:,Yes,Father.I,_(know),that.But when he,_(be),your age,he,_(be),Presidentof the United States.,was,was,was,was,was,know,1.一般现在时:do does,用法：,A),表示现在的状态、特征、,情况,They live in the same building.,B)经常性、习惯性动作,（常与usually,always,every day,twice a week,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用。）,He works eight hours every day.,C)客观事实和普遍真理,格言或警句 等）,The sun rises in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,It snows in the winter.,D),表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况.,(,一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用),The meeting,is,at 2:00 p.m.下午两天开会,The plane,takes off,at ten.,E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时,代替将来时。,Ill not go unless,Im invited,.,Tell him the news as soon as he,comes,.,(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun.改错(movedmoves),(2)We always care for each other and help each other.,)The shop will close at 11：00 pm.改错(will closecloses),1 Jenny _ in an office.Her parents _ in a hospital.,A work works B works work,C work are working D is working work,2 One of the boys_ a black hat.,A have B there is C there are D has,3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.,A dont rain Bdidnt rain,Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain,4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.,A rose;set B rises;sets C rises,set D rise;sets,5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.,A like;listen B likes;listens,C like;are listening D liking listen,6 Jenny_ English every evening.,A has study B studies C study D studied,1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ (come)to visit.,2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离)her school.,4The pot_(not look)like yours very much.,5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?,6 Who_(想要)to go swimming?,7 _she_(do)the housework every day?,8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play)games in the afternoon.,2.现在进行时,结构:be(am,are,is)+doing,用法:,A表示说话时正在进行的动作,Someonesknockingatthedoor.,B.表示,现阶段内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。,He is teaching at a night school.,C.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动,(用现在进行时表示将来),Hesarrivingtomorrowmorning.,D.现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never 等,频度副词连用，,连用，,表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。,你总是忘记这些重要的事情。,（表责怪,不满）,You are always forgetting the important things.,他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）,He is always working hard.,这个男孩上课老说话。,The boy is always talking in class.,三、对现在进行时的考查,由,上下文语境,表示时间。,1)Whats the terrible noise？The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）A.have prepared B.are preparing,C.prepare D.will prepare,2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.（2004年浙江卷34题）,has closed down B.closed down,C.is closing down D.had closed down,3)Are you still busy?,Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.,A,just finish B.am just finishing,C,have just finished D.am just going to finish,4)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,phone B.will phone,C.were phoning D.are phoning,5)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.,is changing B.has changed,C.will have changed D.will change,3.一般过去时,1.结构:did/was/were,用法：,A.,表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(,常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（,yesterday,last night,),B表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（,常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用）,We often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。,(表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/used to do 句型）,.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。,He used to/,would,go to work by bus.,4.过去进行时,结构：was/were+doing,用法：,A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.,通常有时间状语,例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.,B.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用,过去进行时,，而另一个动作用,一般过去时。,我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。,When I entered the room,she was sitting at her desk.,你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。,I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.,C.瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。,（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时）,He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.,练习,1.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.(95 N),A.read was falling,B.was reading fell,C.was reading was falling,D.read fell,B,2.-Nancy is not coming tonight.,-But she _!(98 N),A.promisesB.promisedC.will promise D.had promised,B,3.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.（05辽宁卷）,Awas called Bis called,Chad been called Dhas been called,B,4._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A.When leftB.Leaving,C.If you leaveD.Leave,D,5._ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.,A.GivingB.GiveC.Given,D.To give,B,5.一般将来时,表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表示将来的时间状语连用,基本结构 :,will/shall,+动词原形,I shall graduate next year.,You wont succeed without their support.,其他将来时的表达方式：,1）,be going to do,表示打算、计划、决定要做的事;,“有迹象表明或预示着将发生,Look at the dark clouds;its going to rain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。,2)be about to do,表示眼下马上就要发生的动作,He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。,3)be+to do,表示,计划中约定,的必须将发生的行为；,按职责义务必须去做的事情/,要发生的动作,Youre to deliver these flowers before 10.你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。,4)be+doing,主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如：,Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。,You _ your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。,Look at the dark clouds.It_,看那乌云，快要下雨了。,.,小男孩就要摔倒了。,The little boy _fall over.,我们马上出发。,We_ to start off.,are to hand in,Its going to rain,is going to,are about,在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：,Work hard,and you will pass the exam.努力学习，你就会通过考试。,1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it（2004年湖北卷）,A Go B Going,C If you go D When going,2.Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better（2004年天津卷）,A or B while C but D and,3-English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it?,-Yes_ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate （2004年上海卷）,A Know B Knowing C To know D Known,4 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertise-ments showing happy families（2004年湖南卷）,A will often see B often see,C are often seeing D have often seen,5.Follow your doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.（2005辽宁）,A.or B.and C.then D.so,6.过去将来时,1)基本结构:,would/,Should+动词原形,表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,常用于宾语从句和间接引语,。,The boy,promised,he _ (work)hard.,I,told,my parents I _ (return)early.,would work,should/would return,2).其他表示过去将来的句型,was(were)going to,was(were)to +动词原形,was(were)about to,7.现在完成时,结构:,have(has)+过去分词,现在完成时表示,从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，,并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。,常与下边这些时间状语连用,：,如:so far,up to now,recently,in the past ten years,since+,时间点,for+,一段时间，just,already,yet,等等.,在下列句型中要用现在完成时:,This/It is the first/second time+that,从句(完成时),这是我第二次来北京了。,2.This(that/It)is the+形容词最高级.that,从句,这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.,3.It has been+一段时间+since从句,（主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既,since后要用一般过去时,）,他参军以来已经有两年了.,It,has been,two years since,he joined,the army,This is the second time that I have come to Beijing,.,典型例题：,1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.,A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,答案B,；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.,-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.,A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be,答案A,；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,8.过去完成时,结构,：,had+done,表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。既,过去的过去。,常与时间状语by the end of+过去时间点，before+过去时间/过去动作,by+过去时间，until then 等连用,eg.They,had got,everything ready,before I came,.,到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了。,Until then,we _for six months.,hadnt heard from him,过去完成时，经常,以“过去”为背景,，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“,过去的过去,”，常用此时态。,Eg.When we,got,to the theatre,they,had sold,all the tickets.What a pity!,had sold,got,Now,过去的过去,When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).,When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.,had run away,had begun,常见考点有：,把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。,1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A.started;had already hidden,B.had started;had already hidden,C.had started;was hiding,D.was starting;hid,过去完成时典型用法:,表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其,过去完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。,含有惋惜的意思。,I,had intended,to call on you yesterday,我本来昨天打算要去看你。（但没去）,I,had hoped,to see more of Shanghai.,我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）,Hardly had,+主语,donewhen,+主语did,;,No sooner had,+主语+,donethan,+主语did,scarcely,had,+主语,done,when+主语+did,意为“一.就”,他刚睡下门铃就响了。,Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell,rang.,翻译以下句子：,1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。,2.这是我第一次当众讲话。(用 it is),3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。,1.By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.,2.It is the first time Ive spoken in public,3.The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.,4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。,5.他一来，她就离开.,（no soonerthan),4.He always sleeps with the windows open.,5.No sooner had He,come,than she left,9.现在完成进行时,(has/have been doing),现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still havent found it.,现在完成进行时,与,现在完成时,的区别如下：,1.,现在完成时与现在完成进行时,I,have written,an article.,I,have been writing,an article.,2.,有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。,I have lived here for ten years.,=I have been living here for ten years.,Notes：,表,短暂动作的动词,（finish,marry,get up,come,go等）,一般不能用现在完成进行时,。,强调：已完成性,强调：持续性，未完成性,1)Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）,had considered B.has been considering,C.considered D.is going to consider,2)-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,A.painted B.had painted,C.have been painting D.have painted,典型例题,(1)-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming,(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come,C.ever,come D.ever,have come,注意,：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,Have a try,1.By the end of this month,we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.,A.have found B.will be found,C.will have found D.are finding,2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.,A.must have lasted B.will have lasted,C.would last D.has lasted,Practice,_,perfect.(make),2.We often,_,together when we were children.(play),3.I,_,at an evening school these days.(study),4.I did tell my friends what,_,to them if they didnt follow my advice.(happen),5.I called Jim many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get,through.His mother,_,(talk)on the phone all the time.,would happen,was talking,Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.,exercises,makes,played,am studying,6.When the police arrived,the thieves _away(run).,7.Look at the clouds;it _ (rain).,8.The Chinese _paper for two thousand years.(make),9.Hurry up,the plane _(take)off at 6 oclock.,10.This is the first time that I _her song.(hear),have been making,is going to rain,had run,have,heard,takes,Exercises,I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get),Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.,I _(be)in Beijing for two years.,How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?,He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.,7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.,8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next day.,9._ the story _(happen)in London in 1949?,10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.,12._ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?,13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.,14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.,15.By the time I _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny,Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.,Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not have)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,1 I dont know if she _,but if she _ I will let you know.,A.comes,comes,B.will come,will come,C.comes,will come,D.will come,comes,D,B,2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.,A.have run out B.are running out,C.have been run out D.are being run out,3My father retired from the steel factory last month,and he _ there for more than,twenty years.,A worked,B has worked,C had been working D was working,A,4.We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train,but _ it was gone.,A.found B.had found,C.would find D.would have found,A,5.,This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family.(2009陕西),Asee Bhad seen,Csaw Dhave seen,D,6You were out when I dropped in at your house.,Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（2004年福建卷）A.was waiting B.had waited,C.am waiting D.have waited,7,You _ television.Why not do something more active？,A.always watchB.are always watching,C.have always watched,D.have always been watching,B,B,8.,Mr Smith _ tonight.”“But he promised.”,doesnt come,B.,is,nt,coming,C.,didnt come,D.had,nt,come,9 Ann is in hospital.,Oh，really？I _ know.I _ go and visit her.(2009江苏),Adidnt；am going to Bdont；would,Cdont；will Ddidnt；will,key points,10 Hey,look where you are going！”,“Oh,Im terribly sorry._.”,A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing,C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice,D,B,11Has Sam finished his homework today?,I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（2004年全国卷）A.did B.has done,C.was doing D.had done,12.,Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A.has written B.wrote,C.had written D.was writing,高考题点击：,13.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.（05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis called,Chad been called Dhas been called,14 I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play,since the new year.(2001 N),A.will playB.have playedC.playedD.play,B,D,说明,：,本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。,说明,：,常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.,People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,（05湖南卷）,A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning,4.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(2001 N),A.is changingB.has changed,C.will have changedD.will change,说明,：,自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。,说明,：,选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技,正在,飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5._ my sister three times today but her line was always,busy.（05北京春季）,A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning,C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning,6.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?,-_.How I wish to go there!(98 N),A.Yes,I haveB.Yes,I havent,C.No,I haveD.No,I havent,说明,：,此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去