非谓语动词——不定式讲解与练习.doc

非谓语动词的类型：不定式（infinitive）、动名词(gerund)、分词(participle)
一、Infinitive: 不定式
（一）Structure 结构：to do
Negative 否定：not to do
Passive voice 被动：to be done
（二）在句中作的成分：6个——主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语
1. 作主语Subject
不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
It is adj. (for /of sb) to do sth.
It is a pleasure/ an honor/ a pity to do
It takes/ took/ will take (sb) time to do
2. 表语 Predicative
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3. 宾语 object
下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不定式作宾语
注意：think / consider/ find/ make/ feel + it (形式宾语) + adj. + to do
4. 宾补 Complement
advise, allow, ask, require, tell, order, want, persuade,beg, cause, encourage, expect, wish, forbid, permit, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, prefer, teach, warn, 等 + sb to do
注意：当遇到下列动词时，不定式省略to：
吾看三室两厅一感觉：五看（watch、see、look at、notice、observe）,
三使（let、make、have）,两听（listen to、 hear）,一感觉（feel）
以上动词(除了let、make)还可用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
特别提示：在被动语态中省略的to要补上。
5. 定语 attributive
例：The topics (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.
注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词。
例：There is nothing to worry .
He is looking for a room to live .
It’s a very good school to study .
Please give me a knife to cut .
Here is some paper for you to write .
特别提示：不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
如：He had no money and no place to live (in).
6. 状语 adverbial
（1） 表目的 in order to、 so as to（2）表原因（3）表结果
练习： late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
完成句子
1935年，他离开家再也没回来。
In 1935 he left home never .
（三） 时态与语态

主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
————
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
————
1. 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生或在之后发生。
They pretended not to see us.
2. 进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时，不定式的动作也正在进行
He pretended to be sleeping.
3. 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
She pretended to have known it before.
巩固练习：The boy pretended when his mother entered.
A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him
without delay.
A. to have woven B. to be woven
C. to be weaving D. to weave （编织，纺织）
（四） 不定式与疑问词连用：
Who / which/ when/ what/ whom/ whether/ how + 不定式, 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、表语、宾语等。
例：我不知道是否接受邀请。
I don’t know .
如何解决这个问题很重要。
the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。
My question is .
注意1. 区分 to do、 to do it (用what、how填空)
2. tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out + (1)how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。(2)why + 不带to 的不定式。
如：Can you tell me why do it?
（五） 关于省略
1. 不定式中的动词上文已出现过，下文要省略该动词。
expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面
例：Would you like to go with me? Yes, .
A. I’d like to B. I’d like to go
2. 不定式是to be结构，be不可省。
例：Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, .
A: I’d like to B. I’d like to be
巩固练习：——Did you get a job?
——No, I , but it’s no use.
A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him
.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
3. 不定式用在介词but、except、besides后时，如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，相反则带to。
例：She could do nothing but .(cry)
I have no choice but . (go)
What would you like to do besides . (sleep)
Exercise 练习：
1. My teacher was made (give up) his teaching because of poor health.
2. The sentence wants/ needs (explain) once more.
3. We find it impossible for the work (finish) ahead of time.
4. The patient was warned (not eat) oily food after the operation.
5. I meant (tell) you about it, but I forgot (do) so.
答案：

——I usually go there by train.
——Why not by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A. ride, ride B. riding, ride
C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to purse B. persudaing
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
She can’t help the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
Robert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. don’t make
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains
whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see
The mother didn’t know to blame for the broken glass as it happened.
A. who B. when C. how D. why
Paul doesn’t have to be made .
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
——The light in the office is still on.
——Oh, I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
I’ve worked with children before, so I know what in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
The teacher asked us so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
I found the German language hard .
A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn
I would rather starve to death than for food.
A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg