高一英语反义疑问句.doc

I. 讲解
反意疑问句是一种礼貌用语，常用在闲聊中，说话人对自己的陈述还没有十分的把握，需要征求对方的同意或肯定，印证所陈述之事。它是英语中的四大问句之一。
反意疑问句的种类和结构 反意疑问句是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的，其疑问部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，其基本句子结构有以下两种：
1. 肯定陈述句+简略否定问句，即：前肯后否。如： It’s very hot today, ________________?
2. 否定陈述句+简略肯定问句，即：前否后肯。如： Bill didn’t want to go, ________________?
反意疑问句构成上的几条原则
1. 简略问句中的be动词、情态动词或助动词在人称、数及时态上，应和陈述部分相一致。
① 陈述部分为be (充当系动词或助动词)时，简略问句中用相应形式的be (am, is are, was, were)。如：
I’m not late, ________________?
They’re playing soccer on the playground, ________________?
② 陈述部分含有情态动词或者助动词时，简略疑问部分该情态动词或助动词的相应形式。如：
You could swim five years ago, ________________?
He has been learning English for four years, ________________?
We don’t go to work on Sundays, ________________?
③ 陈述部分没有be动词、情态动词或者助动词时，简略疑问部分须依据人称、数以及时态而使用助动词do, does或者did。如：
Neither of them plained, ________________?
You always stay up late every night, ________________?
This picture looks very nice, ________________?
2. 简略否定问句中的not一般要和be、情、助等加以缩略。如：
She’s a puter programmer, ________________?
You ride to school every day, ________________?
3. 简略问句中的主语须是人称代词，且应和陈述句中的主语相一致。
① 陈述部分的主语为something, anything, everything, nothing等表示事物的复合不定代词时，简略疑问部分的主语用it。如：
Nothing happened, ________________?
② 陈述部分的主语为someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等表示人的复合不定代词时，简略疑问部分的主语通常用they(强调全部)，有时也会用he(强调个体)。如：
Everyone will e, ________________?
No one knows the answer, ________________?
③ 陈述部分的主语为指示代词时，疑问部分的主语用it(单数)或they（复数）。如：
This is his book, ________________?
Those aren’t cats, ________________?
④ 非谓语动词及从句做主语时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：
Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes, ________________?
To do a good deed isn’t difficult, ________________?
What he said is true, ________________?
⑤ 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定，用we/you/they。
如：
Neither you nor I am engineer, ________________?
Either you or he went shopping, ________________?
⑥ 当陈述部分的主语是不定代词one 时，疑问部分的主语用one或you。如：
One can’t remember everything, ________________?
⑦ 若陈述部分的主语是“the +形容词”表一类人时，疑问部分的主语用they代替；若是表某一抽象概念时，疑问部分的主语用it代替。如：
The rich are not always very happy, ________________?
The young should respect the old, ________________?
The beautiful isn't always good, ________________?
4. 陈述部分为祈使句时，简略疑问句一般用will you（表示请求）或者won’t you（表示委婉请求或邀请）。如： Please give me a hand, ________________?
Don’t be late again, ________________?
5. 陈述部分如有never, hardly, few, little, no, nothing, none, no one, nobody，neither等否定词或者too…to…（太…而不能…）结构时，应视为否定陈述句。
Your sister is too young to go to school, ________________?
His father said nothing, ________________?
6．反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-, -less等否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词语时，要视为肯定陈述句。如：
Your father is unhappy, ________________?
The man is dishonest, ________________?
He dislikes this movie, ________________?
7. 陈述部分为含宾语从句的主从复合句时，简略疑问部分的动词与主语须和主句中的动词与主语相一致。如： Our teacher told us that we would have a test next week, ________________?
Li Ming wonders when they are going there, ________________?
8．陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用“may +主语”。如：
I wish to have a word with you, ________________?
反意疑问句中须特别注意的事项
1. 陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分仍然用there, 而不用人称代词。如：
There’re two lions in the zoo, ________________?
There will be a meeting this afternoon, ________________?
2. 陈述部分为“I am (或I’m)….”的肯定句结构时，简略疑问部分用“aren’t I”。如：
I’m your teacher, ________________?
3. 以Let’s (注意不是Let us)开头的祈使句，简略疑问部分用shall we（表示请求）或shan’t we（表示委婉请求或邀请）。如：
Let’s go out for a walk, ________________?
4. 陈述部分是“I/We think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句”时，简略疑问部分应和从句相一致，但须注意否定前移的现象。如：
I supposed Li Ming had closed the windows, ________________?
I don’t think she’s right, ________________?
5. 陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式；若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：
You must have worked there a year ago, ________________?
Everyone may have known the death of his dog, ________________?
6．有关have一词的反意疑问句。
① 在陈述句中充当助动词时，疑问部分仍然用have。如：
The doctor has already gone, ________________?
② 在陈述句中充当行为动词，表示“有，拥有”之意时，疑问部分可用have，也可用助动词do。如：
She had three apartments ten years ago, ________________?
③ 在陈述句中充当行为动词，表示“有，拥有”以外的意义时，疑问部分只可用助动词do。如：
Tom has his lunch at 12:30, ________________?
④ 在情态动词have to 中时，疑问部分用助动词do。如：
We have to finish the work before 5:00, ________________?
He had to go there, ________________?
⑤ 在情态动词had better 中时，疑问部分用had。如：
He'd better go home now, ________________?
7. 有关情态动词must的反意疑问句。
① must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用needn’t。如：
We must keep it as a secret, ________________?
You must leave a little earlier, ________________?
③ must表示“一定、肯定”等推测意义时，疑问部分一般不用情态动词，而和must后的动词相一致。如：
He must be in the classroom ten minutes ago, ________________?
He must play basketball very well, ________________?
8．陈述部分用used to （过去常常）时，疑问部分用did或used均可。例如：
He used to live in the country, ________________?
注：当 "used to" 后有联系动词 "be" 时，疑问部分既可用 "usedn’t，也可用wasn't/weren't. 例如：
They used to be good friends, ________________?
There used to be a river there, ________________?
9．含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用“shouldn't / oughtn't +主语”。例如：
He ought to know what to do, ________________?
10. 含情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分对应的用need 或dare。如：
We need not do it again, ________________?
You dare not say so, ________________?
但是，当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do/does/did。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, ________________?
11. 感叹句的反意疑问句中，附加部分用 be 的一般现在时的否定式，主语则在逻辑上与感叹句保持一致。如： What fine weather, ________________?
How hard she works, ________________?
12．can't 表示推测，作“不可能”解时, 附加部分根据后的动词选用相应的形式。
He can't be a doctor, is he?
The students can't have finished their work, ________________?
13．当陈述部分是由"I'm sure that； I'm afraid that； We are sure that； We are afraid that； I feel sure that； I hope that； We feel sure that； It seems that"等句型构成时，因主要意思在从句，故疑问部分的主语要与从句的主语保持一致。例如：
I'm sure that you know him well, ________________?
It seems that you are an expert, ________________?
14．若陈述部分是被动语态形式且带有动词定式做主语补足语时，其疑问部分中动词形式必须根据句意用不同的时态，分述如下：
① 若有表过去的时间状语或者谓语动词是过去是时态，疑问部分助动词did构成。例如：
He is said to have finished the research work last year, ________________?
② 若谓语是一般现在时或主语补足语含有be动词时，则疑问部分用be的适当形式。例如：
She is said to be running a big pany, ________________?
③ 若谓语是一般现在时且主语补足语是完成式时，则疑问部分用have的适当形式。例如：
They are said to have read that book, ________________?
15．当陈述部分有"It is said（told, reported, believed等）+that clause"时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分要与从句中的主谓语保持一致。例如：
It is reported that the police caught the thief yesterday, ________________?
It is said that she has won the first place in this petition, ________________?
16．若陈述部分含有由连词"but, and, or, for"等构成的并列句时，则反意疑问句的疑问部分要根据第二个分句的主谓语来决定。例如：
He failed many times, but he succeeded at last, ________________?
He is a doctor, but his wife is a teacher, ________________?
I speak Chinese, but he speaks English, ________________?
We must hurry, or we will be late for class, ________________?
She studies hard，for it is the third time that she has been praised, ________________?
17．当陈述部分的主语有缩写形式 'd时，要分清是would, could, should还是had的缩写形式；若有缩写形式 's时，要分清是is 还是has 的缩写。例如：
You'd like to go with her, ________________? （You'd=you would）
He'd rather die than give in, ________________? （He'd=he would）
Mary's ing tomorrow, ________________? （Mary's=Mary is）
Peter's heard the news, ________________? （Peter's=Peter has）
She's used to living in the country, ________________?（She's=She is）
反意疑问句的答语
回答反意疑问句时，不管问题是何种提法，若事实是肯定的，用yes回答；若事实是否定的，就用no来回答。
如：
1. — He likes dogs, doesn’t he?
— Yes, he does.
— No, he doesn’t.
2. — He isn’t a doctor, is he ?
— Yes, he is .
— No, he isn't.
II．巩固练习
1. You’d rather watch TV this evening, ______?
A. isn’t it B. hadn’t you C. wouldn’t you D. won’t you
2. I suppose you’re not going today, ______?
A. are you B. do you C. don’t you D. aren’t you
3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?
A. shall B. may I C. do I D. will I
4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?
A. oughtn’t three hours B. didn’t they C. shouldn’t it D. shouldn’t three hours
5. They have to study a lot, ______?
A. don’t they B. haven’t they C. did they D. hadn’t they
6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______?
A. didn’t he B. did he C. did it D. didn’t it
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
A. am I B. isn’t I C. aren’t I D. am not I
8. I don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for your present post, ______ you?
A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t
9. That’s the sort of the book you want, ______?
A. is it B. isn’t that C. is that D. isn’t it
10. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they
11. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. must he D. mustn’t he
12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, ______?
A. hasn’t he B. has he C. shouldn’t he D. didn’t you
13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, ______?
A. would you B. wouldn’t you C. did you D. didn’t you
14. There appeared to be no better way, _______?
A. was there B. were there C. did there D. didn’t there
15. You had some trouble finding where I live, ______?
A. didn’t you B. hadn’t you C. do I D. don’t I
16. He has his hair cut every month, ______?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he
17. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _______ ?
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
18. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ______ she?
A. had B. did C. hadn’t D. didn’t
19. Susan’d have worked abroad if she’d had the chance, ______?
A. has she B. hadn’t she C. would she D. wouldn’t she
20. Everyone’s having a good time, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t everyone C. does he D. aren’t they
21. Anyone can join the club, ______?
A. can any one B. can’t any one C. can’t they D. can they
22. Tell me how to operate the electronic puter, ______?
A. will you B. shan’t you C. do you D. don’t you
23. Magaret scarcely es to visit you on Christmas Day, ______?
A. doesn’t she B. does she C. do you D. don’t you
24. Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?
A. do we B. don’t we C. shall we D. shan’t we
25. You think you’re funny, ______?
A. didn’t you B. are you C. don’t you D. do you
26. Janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?
A. used she B. did she C. didn’t she D. should she
27. What beautiful weather, ______?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. won’t it D. doesn’t it
28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?
A. should he B. shouldn’t he C. would he D. wouldn’t he
29. We never dared to ask him a question, ______?
A. did we B. didn’t we C. dared we D. daren’t we
30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been, ______?
A. will he B. won’t nobody C. will they D. won’t they
31. You must have made the mistake, ______?
A. mustn’t you B. haven’t you C. didn’t you D. hadn’t you
32. Learning how to repair puters takes a long time, ______?
A. isn’t it B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it D. don’t they
33. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
34. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they C. didn’t they D. hadn’t they
35. There isn’t anything wrong with the radio, ______?
A. is there B. is it C. does it D. does there
36. You must be hungry, ______?
A. must you B. mustn’t you C. are you D. aren’t you
37. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______?
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
38. Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. didn’t she D. didn’t her daughter
39. The teacher had a talk with you, ______?
A. has you B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she
40. Something’ll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?
A. won’t it B. will it C. has it D. does it
III. 完形填空
In the past, most American mothers were at home to take care of their children during the day. Now, 1 , many mothers are working. More than half of the American women 2 young children have 3 outside the house.
American families solve the child care 4 in different ways. Some parents allow 5 children to stay at home alone after school. The parents 6 make sure that their children, usually not younger than 10 years old , understand 7 rules and can deal with emergencies (紧急情况). Other parents say they would 8 allow their children to be at home alone. They usually 9 someone to take care of the 10 .
Some parents in the U.S. find their own ways to 11 the cost of child care. They join child care 12 . Each person in the group 13 for the children of other group 14 at different times. Some parents ask local 15 , schools and social organizations to help 16 activities for the children .These child care choices often cost 17 or no money. Many American parents, however, still 18 with the problem of 19 good child care at a 20 price.
1. A. therefore B. otherwise C. thus D. however
2. A. like B. as C. with D. form
3. A. children B. jobs C. houses D. money
4. A. problem B. question C. chance D. choice
5. A. older B. younger C. sicker D. happier
6. A. can B. must C. may D. ought
7. A. dangerous B. safety C. funny D. true
8. A. rather B. certainly C. always D. never
9. A. tell B. stop C. pay D. invite
10. A. house B.