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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/10/3,#,Figures of Speech,英语修辞格,1/34,I.Simile,（明喻）,A simile is a figure of speech in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar at least one characteristic.,2/34,Open simile,The man over there is like a pig.,In this sentence,the secondary term“pig”has many characteristics such as,fat,lazy,dirty,greedy and gross,.In which respect or respects is that man like a pig?,It does not say.So,it is called an open simile(it does not give any definite information).,3/34,Closed simile,We not only compare that man with a pig,but also specify the respect in which they are compared:,The man is“as fat as a pig”.,不用,like,as,等连词，而采取其它对比形式。,4/34,1,形容词比较级,(no more than,not any,more than,asas),He had no more idea of money than a cow.,他对金钱像牛对金钱一样一无所知。,The ruby shall be redder than a red rose,and the sapphire shall be as blue as,the great sea.,红宝石能够比红玫瑰还要红,蓝宝石能够同大海一样蓝,.,5/34,2.,介词短语,(of+),A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady.,大夫必须有狮子般胆量和仕女般巧手,.,3.,连词,and,连接两个同等成份,Love and cough cannot be hid.,爱情跟咳嗽一样是掩盖不了,.,A word and stone let go cannot be recalled.(proverb),说出话收不回,.,6/34,II.Metaphor,（隐喻）,Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another.In a metaphor,a comparison is usually implicit;whereas in a simile it is explicit.,Because of his wealth,he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.,7/34,Some books are to be tasted,others swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.,In foreign policy,flying solo can be risky business.,He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius,you should be sure he would water it.,8/34,III.Analogy,（类比）,Analogy is a figure of speech which draws a parallel between two different types of things,and uses one(usually familiar to the reader)to explain the other(usually unfamiliar to the reader).The function of an analogy is to deepen the readers understanding of the writers point.For example,Text A in Units 1&3 employs analogy.,9/34,IV.Metonymy,（转喻 借代）,Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used to stand for another thing.The two things involved in a metonymy are not of the same kind but are closely related.,She was,to be sure,a girl who excited the emotion,but I was not to let my heart rule my head.,10/34,He was a big noise behind the economic scenes.,The kettle is boiling.,Please drink a cup or two.,Have you ever read Shakespeare?,Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question.,The whole city went out to see the victorious general.,11/34,V.Antithesis,（对立 有重复部分）,Antithesis means contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings.It can result in linguistic brevity and rhythmic harmony.,12/34,Mankind must put an end to war,or war will put an end to mankind.,J.Kennedy,American imperialism is he strongest in history and also the weakest in history.The skyscraper is highest but the foundation is shakiest.,Anna.L.Strong,13/34,It was the best of times,it was the worst of times;it was the age of wisdom.It was the age of foolishness.,Charles Dickens,Any man or state who fight on again Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.,Winston Churchill,14/34,And so,my fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.,J.Kennedy,15/34,VI.Oxymoron,（矛盾 词意思相反）,It is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic effect.When contradictory terms are used together,they can reveal the relationship between two things which are opposite or quasi-opposite to each other in meaning.,Cruel kindness(opposite in meaning),16/34,Cold fire(quasi-opposite in meaning),His air was one of friendly hostility.,I dont mean to imply that we are suddenly threatened in the United Nations with harmony.,His honor rooted in dishonor stood.And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.,17/34,VII.Pun,（双关）,It is a figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sound and a disparity of meaning.Pun is usually employed for jocular and humorous effect.,An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for good of his country.,18/34,Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man.Shakespeare,Seven days without water make one weak.(=week),A professor tapped on his desk and shouted:“Gentlemen order!”,The entire class yelled:“Beer!”,19/34,VIII.Paradox,（悖论 逻辑相反）,Paradox is a statement which is contrary to expectation,apparently absurd or self-contradictory.But in fact,it is reasonable and logical.A paradox often implies profound meaning,hence thought-provoking.,Most haste,less speed.,20/34,The child is father of man.,W.Wordsworth,Those who have eyes apparently see little.,Helen Keller,21/34,IX.Alliteration,（押韵）,Alliteration refers to the repetition usually of an initial sound that is usually a consonant in two or more neighboring words or syllables.The use of it goes back to ancient times.As one of the phonetic rhetorical devices,it remains a preferable means in literary creation.,22/34,The fair breeze blew,the white foam flew,the furrow followed free.,Next to health,heart,home,happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.,23/34,And sings a solitary song,That whistles in the wind.,W.Wordsworth,Chinas cities,after decades of bolted doors and barred windows,are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes.News Weekly,24/34,X.Irony,（讽刺）,Irony is a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,humor or sarcasm.Sometimes irony is used to show peoples intimate feeling,but in most cases,it is used to criticize or expose bad and ugly things.,25/34,Two types of irony:,1.Anti phrase(words used obviously with,meanings opposite to their literal one),Blessed are the young,for they shall inherit the national debt.,This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.,26/34,2.Situations irony(Words used with,implied meanings which can not be,taken literally but from the context.),“Its no use going to see little Hans in winter,”the Miller used to say to his wife,“When people are in trouble we must leave them alone and not bother them.That is my idea of friendship,and I am sure I am right.,Oscar Wilde,The Devoted Friend,27/34,Once upon a time there was an honest little fellow named Hans.He lived in a cottage all alone,and every day he worked in his garden.In all the village there was no garden so lovely as his.,Little Hans had many friends,but the most devoted friend was big Hugh the Miller.Indeed,the rich Miller was so devoted to little Hans that when he passed his garden he always picked a large bouquet of flowers,or if it was the fruit season,he would fill his pockets with plums and cherries.,28/34,Real friends must share everything,the Miller used to say,and little Hans nodded and smiled and was very proud that he had a friend with such noble ideas.,Sometimes,indeed,the neighbours thought it was strange that the rich Miller never gave little Hans anything in return,but Hans never troubled his head about these things.,29/34,So little Hans worked and worked in his garden.During spring and summer and autumn he was very happy,but when winter came,he suffered from cold and hunger,and often went to bed without supper.Besides,in winter he was very lonely,as the Miller never came to see him.,30/34,Its no use going to see little Hans in winter,the Miller used to say to his wife.When people are in trouble we must leave them alone and not bother them.That is my idea of friendship,and I am sure I am right.So I shall wait till spring comes,and then I shall visit him and he will give me a large bouquet of primroses,and that will make him very happy.,31/34,You think so much about others,said his wife.It is a pleasure to hear what you say about friendship.I am sure the priest himself cannot say such beautiful things as you do,though he lives in a three-storeyed house,and wears a gold ring on his little finger.,32/34,But why dont we ask little Hans to come here?said the Millers youngest son.If poor Hans is in trouble I shall give him half my porridge,and show him my white rabbits.,What a silly boy you are!cried the Miller.,33/34,I really dont know what is the use of sending you to school.You do not learn anything.Why,if little Hans comes here,and sees our warm fire,and our good supper,and our red wine,he will envy us,and envy is a terrible thing.Besides,if Hans comes here,he will ask me to give him some flour on credit,and I cannot do that.Flour is one thing,and friendship is another.The words are spelt differently and they mean quite different things.,How right you are!said the Millers wife,Really,I feel quite sleepy.This is just like sitting in church.,34/34,
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