外研版初一英语语法完整总结.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,外研版初一英语语法完整总结1,动词,be,（,is,am,are,）的用法,我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。,单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。,Eg:Your house is very big.Your houses are all very big.,变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。,Eg:,变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。,Eg:Is your house very big?,还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。,this,，,that,和,it,用法,(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。,(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：,Eg:,Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处),Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处),(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that。,如：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。,(4)向别人介绍某人时说Thisis,不说Thatis。,如：,ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。,(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。,如：,Thisisabike.Thatsacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。,(6),打电话时，介绍自己用,this,询问对方用,that,。如：,Hello!IsthatMissGreen?,喂，是格林小姐吗？,Yes,thisis.Whosthat?,是的，我是，你是谁？,注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：,Iam,Areyou,？,/Whoareyou?,(7),在回答,this,或,that,作主语的疑问句时,要用,it,代替,this,或,that,。如：,Isthisanotebook?,这是笔记本吗？,Yes,itis.,是的，它是。,Whatsthat?,那是什么？,Itsakite.,是只风筝。,3,these,和,those,用法,(1),this,that,these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。,Thisismybed.ThatisLilysbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的,床。,Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。,Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗？,(2),在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：,Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？,Yes,theyare.是的，他们是。,4,名词,s,所有格,（1）,单数名词后直接加“s”：,如：,Jimscoat吉姆的外套,Jeffsmother杰夫的妈妈,（2）,以s结尾的复数名词，只加“,”,如：,TeachersDay教师节thetwinsbooks双胞胎的书,（3）,不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“s”,如：,ChildrensDay儿童节mensshoes男式鞋,（4）,表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s,如：,LucyandLilysmother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈),（5）,表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加s,如：,LucysandKatesrooms露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子,）,5,Therebe,句型,(1)Therebe,句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。其基本结构为“,Therebe,某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中,there,是引导词，没有词义；主语是,be,后面的名词，,be,是谓语动词，在一般现在时中,be,只用,is,和,are,两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记,therebe,句型结构：,Therebe,放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：,Thereisabookonthedesk.,有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：,Onthedeskthereisabook.,(2)Therebe,句型中的,be,动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：,Be,动词，有三个，,am,，,is,还有,are,。“,Therebe”,真特别，不留,am,只留俩，那就是,is,还有,are,。要用,is,还是,are,，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用,is,，否则就用,are,。如：,Thereisatreebehindthehouse.,Thereissomewater,（水）,inthebottle,（瓶子）,.,Therearesomepearsinthebox.,(3),注意：如果“,be”,后的主语是由,and,连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么,be,的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“,be”,的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用,is,，是复数就用,are,。如：,Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.,Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.,6,like,一词的用法,like,用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。,(1),后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：,Ilikethebabyverymuch.,我非常喜欢这个小孩。,(2),后接动名词,(v.-ing),，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。,如：,Tomlikesplayingfootball.,汤姆喜欢踢足球。,(3),后接动词不定式,(todo),，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：,Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.,我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。,7,句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素,(1),主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即,Iwe,youyou,，,she,he,itthey,。,如：,Sheisagirl.Theyaregirls.,(2)am,，,is,要变为,are,。如：,Imastudent.Wearestudents.,(3),不定冠词,a,，,an,要去掉。如：,Heisaboy.Theyareboys.,(4),普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：,Itisanapple.Theyareapples.,(5),指示代词,this,，,that,要变为,these,，,those,。如：,Thisisabox.Theseareboxes.,8,英语日期的表示法,英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。,如：,On Monday,用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：,August2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。,也可以用日+月+年来表示。,如：10thMay，2003(2003年5月10日),英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。,9.,时间的表达法,(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字,7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen,(2)过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界线）,1:25twenty,-,fivepastone,2:30halfpasttwo,3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive,(3)12小时制,6:00a.m.上午6点8:20p.m.下午8点20分,(4)24小时制,13:0013点钟22:1522点15分,(5)15分可用quarter,4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix,(6)时间前通常用at.,at5oclockat7:30p.m.,10.want,用法,(1),想干什么用,wanttodosth,Theywanttojointhesportsclub.,他们想加入运动俱乐部。,(2),第三人称单数作主语，,want,要作变化,Hewantstoplaybasketball.LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.,(3),变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词,do,或,does.,Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?,Yes,Ido./No,Idont.,Doeshewanttogohomebybus?,Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt,11,否定句,含有否定词not或 no的句子。,改否定句的方法：先加后借 在句中找到Be动词（am,is,are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），在它后面加not；找不到以上词时，借dont或doesnt，放在动词前。,注意：句子是三单主语时，借doesnt；不是三单主语时，借do.,并且：doesnt一出现，三单式要滚蛋。,练习,1.,She is an American girl,2.,I have a good friend,3.,She lives in london,4.,We go to school by bike,12,英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答,一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的，用Yes或No回答的疑问句。,、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句,Am I?Yes,you are./No,you arent.,Are you?Yes,I am./No,Im not.,Is he/she/it?Yes,he/she/it is.,No,he/she/it isnt.,Are we/you/they?Yes,we/we/they are.,No,we/we/they arent.,、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句,Can?Yes,can.No,cant(cannot).,、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句,Do you+行为动词？Yes,I do/No,I dont.,Do we/you/they+行为动词？Yes,we/they do.,No,we/they dont.,Does he/she/it+行为动词？Yes,he/she/it does.,No,he/she/it doesnt.,注意事项：,1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格，即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等，不能出现其它词，特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。,2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词，因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时，一定不能缩写。如：不能用Yes,Im;,Yes,hes;Yes,theyre.,3、am not 不能缩写，如：No,Im not不能用No.I amnt.,4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如：不能说,Yes,he isnt;No,I do;Yes,she doesnt.,改一般疑问句的方法：先找后借 在句中找到Be动词（am,is,are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），把它提到句首；找不到以上词时，借Do或Does，放在句首。,注意：句子是三单主语时，借Does；不是三单主语时，借Do.并且：Does一出现，三单式要滚蛋。,练习：,He likes his family members.,Does he like his family members?,We are singing and dancing.,Are you singing and dancing?,Mary can ride a bike.,Can Mary ride a bike?,There is some,water in the cup,.,Is there some,water in the cup,?,13,特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：,what who whose where how why,等。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用,yes/no,，要问什么答什么。,特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词一般疑问句？,对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下：,把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词，放在句首；,把没划线部分改为一般疑问句，放在疑问词后。,提示：划线部分在句首时，只需第步，没划线的词照抄。如：,Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang.,-Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?,1,、目前所学的动词的形式有,4,种：,动词原形；如：do;have;like,动词的三单式（常在动词原形后加s）；如：get-gets,动词不定式（to+动词原形）；如：meet-to meet,动词ing式（动词原形后加ing）如：look-looking,2,、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like+to+动词原形?（你想要吗？）,How about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）,What about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）,Why not+动词原形?（为什么不呢？）,Why dont you+动词原形？（你为什么不呢？）,Lets +动词原形.（让我们吧。）,表示同意、答应：Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.,All right/OK.Great!Sure.,Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to,Thanks.That would be very nice.Id like that.,表示不同意、拒绝：,No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.,Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.,3,、目前学过的情态动词有,can,may,could,would,和,will,等五个,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法：,后必须跟动词原形；,没有三单式（其后不能加,s,）；,可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句；,可以在情态动词后面加上,not,构成否定句。,4,、目前学过的后跟动词不定式（,to+,动词原形）的有：,would like to+,动词原形（想要做某事）,;,want to+,动词原形（想要做某事）,;,forget to+,动词原形（忘记要做某事）,;,like to+,动词原形（喜欢做某事）,;,love to+,动词原形（喜欢做某事）,ask sb.to+,动词原形,.,（请,/,叫某人做某事）,tell sb.to+,动词原形,.,（告诉,/,叫某人做某事）,would like sb.to+,动词原形,.,（想叫某人做某事）,want sb.to+,动词原形,.,（想叫某人做某事）,have to+,动词原形（必须,/,不得不做某事）,Nice/Glad/happy to+,动词原形（很高兴做某事）,如：,Nice to meet you.,Im glad to be here.,Its time to+,动词原形（是做某事的时候了）,Its very kind/nice of you to help me.,英语的一些重要原则,英文句子中至少有一个动词，用来作谓语。如：,我很高兴,-,误：,I very happy.,正：,I am very happy.,她最喜欢熊猫,.-,误：,She favorite pandas.(favorite,不是动词,),正：,She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas.,同一个句子中不能同时用,be,动词和行为动词。,误：,I am at six get up.,正：,I am get up at six.,误：,Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are,改为,Do),句子中的单数名词前要带冠词，或用复数名词来表示类别。,误：,orange is orange.,正：,An orange is orange/Oranges are orange.,误：,He is doctor.(,他是医生,),正：,He is a doctor.,限定词的唯一原则,限定词是指,(1),冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）、,(2),形容词性物主代词、,(3),指示代词、,(4),名词所有格、,(5),量词,(some,any,no,many,much,等,),，这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。,如：我的一本书,-,误：,my a book,正：,my book,吉姆的这个风筝,-,误：,Jims this/the kite,正：,Jims kite,your the bike the some animals that a bus,形容词放在名词前的顺序,数量,+,大小形状,+,新旧,+,颜色,+,地方出处,+,名词。,my small yellow desk,我的小黄桌,an old brown English house,一座旧的棕色的英式房子,英文句子结构顺序,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,小时间,+,大时间,+,小地点,+,大地点。,Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing.,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,小时间,+,大时间,+,小地点,+,大地点,一般现在时,1.,构成：主语,+,动词,+,其他,2.,标志词：,always,usually,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词。,3.,否定句：,1),当动词是,be,can,may,must,should,等在其后加,not,Eg.Icantplayfootball.,2),当是实义动词时加助动词,dont/doesnt,后跟动词原形,Eg.Idontlikefootball.Shedoesntlikefootball.,4.,疑问句：,1),当动词是,be,can,may,must,should,等将其提前,Eg.Canyouswim?,2),当是实义动词时将助动词,do/does,放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。,Eg.Doesshelikefootball,5.,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,+,一般疑问句,现在进行时,1.构成：主语+be+doing+其他2.动词动词-ing变化规律：,1）一般情况下直接加-ing,eg.Working,2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg.Taking,3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stopping,4）特殊变化,lielying,3.标志词：look,listen,now,atthemoment,its,oclock,4.否定句：be动词后加not,Eg.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.,5.疑问句：将be动词提前,Eg.Isshelisteningtomusic?,6.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,三,一般,将来时,1.构成：主语+,begoingto,/will,+动词原形,2.标志词：tomorrow,nextday/month/year,等表示将来的时间,3.否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not,Eg.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.,Hewillnothaveapianolessonthisweekend,.,4.疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前,Eg.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?,Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?,5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,四,一般,过去时,1.构成：主语+动词过去时+其他,2.标志,：,yesterday,justnow,ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last等,3.动词动词过去式变化规律：,1）一般动词结尾加-ed,eg.Walk-walked,2）以字母e结尾的动词加-d,eg.Live-lived,3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed,eg.Hurryhurried,4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stopstopped,4.否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not,Eg.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.,2)当是实义动词时，加助动词didnt后跟动词原形,Eg.Ididnttelephonemyparentsyesterday.,5.疑问句：1)动词be过去式提前,Eg.WereyouinChengdulastyear?,2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形,Eg.Didyoutelephonemyparentsyesterday?,6.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,用正确的动词形式填空。,1.Thechildrenare_(run)therenow.,2.-I_upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get),Myfatheralways_(come)backfromworkverylate.,3.Mymother_alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.(buy),4.Listen!Who_,(sing)inthemusicroom?,Oh.Mary_(sing)there.,5.They_ameetingyesterday.(nothave),6.-_you_(have)anycolorpens?-Sorry,Idonthaveany.,7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_(notlike)bread.,8.Mymother_,_,_(tell)meastoryeverynight.,9.-Howmuchmeat_you_(want)?-Akilo,please.,10.Someone_(be)inthenextroom.,running,got,comes,bought,is singing,is singing,didnt have,Do,have,doesnt like,tells,do,want,is,11.There_(be)apenandtwoerasersinthepencil-box.,12.Youmust_(get)hereattwothisafternoon.,13.Thetwins_thirteentwoyearsago.(be),14.Theteacherisbusy.Heonly_(sleep)fivehoursaday.,15.Look!Thebus_(come).,16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.,17.What_he_(like)?,18.He_(teach)Englishinamiddleschool.,19.Shealways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.,20.-What_she_(do)?-She_(clean)herroomnow.,is,get,were,sleeps,is coming,goes,does,like,teaches,does,is,doing,is cleaning,形容词,（,1,）在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰,something,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody,时，要放于其后。,Eg.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothingserious.,(2),作表语，放在系动词之后。,Eg.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.,(3),以,a-,开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。,Eg.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.,(4),作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。,Eg.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.,副词,副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。,Eg.Icanthearyouclearly.,3.比较级用法,（1）可以单独使用,eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.,（2）和than一起用,eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao,（3）其他几种用法,a.两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which+be+比较级，AorB?,Eg.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?,b.用比较级形式表达最高级意义,比较级+thananyother+n.+比较级范围（in/of）,=比较级+thananyoftheothers+in/of,=比较级+thantheother+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较),比较级+thanany+n.+in/of(在两个不同范围内比较,),Eg.Kateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclass,ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince,.,c.越来越怎么样？“比较级+and+比,较级”,Eg.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger,.,d.有范围的两者之间的比较用,“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo”,Eg.Mymotheristhebusierofthetwo,e.用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等,4.最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。,a.最高级+范围,Eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.,b.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示“最的之一”。,Eg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.,c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示“是的第几”。,Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.,注：有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。,一写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：,1,.,few_,2little_,3,.,bad/badly_,4.far_,5.good/well_,6.many/much_,二、写出下列形容词的副词形式：,1.heavy_2.happy_3.nice_,4.careful_,5.easy_,6.angry_,7.slow_,8.quick_,9.good_,10.hard_11.bad_,12.healthy_,fewer fewest,less least,worse worst,深的 further furthest,远的 farther farthest,better best,more most,heavily,happily,nicely,carefully,easily,angrily,slowly,quickly,well,hard,badly,healthily,三、,用所给词的恰当形式填空。,1.Whichis,_,_,_,_(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?,2.Whichis,_,_,_,(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?,3.Thismooncakeis,_,_,_,_,(cheap)ofall.,4.Heis,_,_,_,_,(strong)intheclass.,5.Mathsis_,_,_,_,_(difficult)ofthetwosubjects.,6.Mysisteristwoyears_(old)thanI.,7.Marysparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_(young)child.,8.Dickcansing_(well),andshesings_(well)thanJohn,butMarysings_(well)inherclass.,9.Shewillbemuch_(happy)inhermewhouse.,10.Hishandwritingis_thanyours.(bad),the biggest,more beautiful,the cheapest,the strongest,more difficult,older,youngest,well,better,best,happier,worse,四、,选择正确的答案。,1.WhichdoesJimmylike_,Chinese,Englishorart?,A.well,B.best,C.better,D.much,2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_intheworld.,A.thelongestriver,B.Themorelonger,C.thelongestrivers,D.longerriver,3.Thepenis_thanthatone.,A.morecheap,B.cheap,C.muchcheaper,D.quitecheaper,4.Thereare_girlsinClass2thaninClass4.,A.more,B.nicest,C.most,D.best,5.Tingtingis_thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_thanTingting.,A.tall,stronger,B.taller,stronges,t,t,C.tallest,strong,D.taller,stronger,6.Motheris_inmyfamily.,A.busy,B.busier,C.thebusiest,D.morebusy,7.Sheis_thanmeatdrawing.,A.better,B.best,C.good,D.harder,B,C,C,A,D,C,A,8.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea_one?,A.small,B.smaller,C.thesmallest,D.smallest,9.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_nowthanafewyearsago.,A.clean,B.cleaner,C.cleanest,D.thecleanest,10.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_thanbefore.,A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest,11.Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?Mikeis_,Ithink.Hehasgotmoreprizes（获奖）thanTom.,A.well,B.OK,C.good,D.better,12.Whichis_riverinChina?TheChangjiangRiver.,A.longerB.thelongestC.longestD.thelonger,13Ifthereislesshomework,weshouldhave_atschool.,A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime,C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime,14.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday.,A.more,B.very,C.much,15.Thisschoolbagis_andsells_.,A.well,well,B.nice,nice,C.nice,good,D.nice,well,