高中英语-Unit-22-Environmental-Protection单元重点小结-省公开课一等.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单元重点小结,1/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,1,.trap,vt.,n.,圈套;计策,be trapped in,被困住,trap sb.into doing sth.,诱骗某人做某事,比如:How did he,(,骗你借给他钱)last week?,2,.reserve,n.,保护区,vt.,reserve sth.for sb.,为某人预留某物make a reservation 预定without reservation 毫无保留地,比如:Who will you,(,预留这个座位)for?,3,.look,展望未来,look around,向四面看look down upon看不起look into调查look through浏览,比如:The man,(,向四面看),but he saw nothing.,使困住,使陷入困境,trap you into lending him the money,保留,预定,reserve this seat,ahead,looked around,2/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,4,.relevant,adj.,be relevant to.,与相关,比如:I dont know how the subject will,(,与这些孩子相关).,5,.substitute,n.,代用具;代替品,vt.,substitute A for B,用A代替Bsubstitute B with A 用A代替B,比如:Can I,(,用红色球代替蓝色球)?,6,.carry,掠去;夺走;成功地应付,carry on,继续carry out 执行carry through 成功完成,比如:It was a young girl that,(,夺走这个大奖).,相关,be relevant to these children,用替换/顶替,substitute the red ball for the blue ball/the blue ball with,with the red ball,off,carried off the big prize,3/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,7,.result,造成,result from,起因于as a result 结果as a result of 因为,比如:This big accident,(,造成他被辞退).,8,.adopt,vt.,adopted,adj.,被收养adoption,n.,收养,比如:It is said that the boy,(,十年前被收养).,9,.break away,摆脱,脱离,break down,抛锚break down身体垮掉break into破门而入break out暴发break up分手break through突破break off中止,比如:The man tried to,(,从警察手里摆脱),but in vain.,in,resulted in his being fired,采取,收养,was adopted ten years ago,from,break away from the policeman,4/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,1,.Without these naturally occurring gases,the suns rays,leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.,要是没有这些自然产生气体,太阳光线就会反射回太空中,使得地球严寒,(人类)不可能在上面生存。,2,.Increased temperatures will also cause the polar ice to melt,.,温度升高还会引发极地冰山融化,海平面上升,从而淹没很多岛屿和城市。,3,.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too,the US,and Central America.,暴风雨愈发肆虐,越来越多飓风攻击美国和中美洲。,would bounce back into space,raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities,with a growing number of hurricanes hitting,5/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,4,.Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given,and some thought the project,.,许多人认为是不会给予这种许可,也有一些人认为这项工程原来就不应该被允许。,should never have been allowed,6/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,一、转述结构,1,.,最近汇报警告,全球变暖会造成可怕气候改变。,global warming will cause terrible climate changes.,2,.,科学家发觉,地球气温被温室气体控制。,the temperature of the Earth is controlled by greenhouse gases.,3,.,他命令你立刻站起来。,He ordered you,.,Recent reports warned that,Scientists found that,to stand up immediately,7/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,二、被动语态,4,.,他们最壮观工程之一被叫做包围岛屿。,One of their most spectacular projects,.,5,.,两三个新工程现在被戴维和他团体开发。,Two or three new projects,by David and his team.,was called Surrounded Islands,are currently being developed,8/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,Talking about the weather(,谈论天气),(1)It looks like its going to be sunny.,(2)Yes,its much better than yesterday.,(3)They say were going to get some rain later.,(4)I think its going to be a nice day.,(5)Its certainly a big improvement over yesterday.,(6)But its supposed to get cloudy and windy again this afternoon.,(7)Well,the worst of the winter should be over.,(8)It seems to be clearing up.,(9)I really dont think this weather will last.,(10)Lets just hope it doesnt get cold again.,(11)I wish it would stay this way for the weekend.,(12)As long as it doesnt snow!,9/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,浅谈词义猜测题解题策略,一、题型解读,词义猜测题主要考查依据构词、定义、对比、因果、联想等线索了解词义能力。常见考查形式有生词词义、旧词新义、代词指代、短语引申义、句子含义等。做这类题目时,要依据词、词组、句子所在语境来判断其意义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文,所以要借助上下文对需要猜测词或短语进行合乎逻辑推测。,10/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,二、解题策略,1,.,单词或短语猜测题,此题型考查考生对某个生词或短语含义猜测能力。要求考生利用上下文已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后句子)进行推理,猜测出某个特定单词或短语意思。做这类题目惯用方法有:,(1),依据定义进行猜测。普通情况下,文章中出现一个需要猜测其意义词或短语,下面会接着出现解释性文字(普通是同位语、定语从句、定义等),这就是解题主要依据。,(2),依据构词法进行猜测。在英语中,有很多词能够加前缀或后缀组成一个新词,假如掌握了一定构词知识,就不难猜出它词义。,(3),依据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中,依据原因能够预测结果,依据结果也能够找出原因。,11/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,(4),依据转折或对比关系进行猜测。依据上下句连接词,如but,however,otherwise等可知前后句存在转折关系,从而依据某一句含义,来确定另一句含义。,常见设题形式:,(1)The underlined word in the second paragraph means“,”.,(2)Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?,(3)The underlined word“,”in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“,”.,(4)What does the phrase“,”in Paragraph 1 mean?,12/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,【典题例析】,(,全国,高考,C,篇,),I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March,Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(,干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.,13/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?,A.provider,B.delivery man,C.collectorD.medical doctor,解析:,B,词义猜测题。依据本段中,“,Ive,done,89,trips”,和,“I,have,42,hours,to,carry,stem,cells,in,my,little,box”,以及下文中内容可知作者是运输干细胞人,也就是,delivery,man,。故选,B,项。,14/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,2,.,句意猜测题,句意猜测题大多考查一个句子寓意,而非字面含义,且与文章主旨或段落主题亲密相关。做这类题惯用方法以下:,(1),阅读文章,对句子进行语法和词义上准确分析,并依据文章主旨或段落主题深层次地了解句子含义。,(2),将所了解句意和所给选项进行比较。普通来说,正确选项意思与原句意思相同,只不过是用了其它英语词汇表述出来而已。,15/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,常见设题形式:,(1)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means“,”.,(2)What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?,(3)Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?,16/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,3,.,代词指代题,代词指代题意在考查考生对阅读素材了解和把握能力。文章中代词it,that,he,him,them 等能够指上文提到人或物,其中it和that还能够指一件事。有时代词指代对象相隔较远,要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代对象。做这类题可采取以下方法:,(1),准确了解画线部分代词所在句子意思。假如不能处理问题,那么还要准确了解该句子前一两个句子意思。,(2),了解句子意思后,要将注意力放在画线代词所在句子前半部分名词或名词性短语上。假如不能处理问题,则应注意该句子前一两个句子中名词或名词性短语。,(3),将确定,答案,替换画线部分代词,看句子意思是否通顺,逻辑关系是否成立。,17/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,【典题例析】,(,全国,高考,C,篇,),.,Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds,it,.,18/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?,A.The book.,B.An adventure.,C.A public place.,D.The identification number.,解析:,A,依据此段中,“.hoping,that,the,book,will,have,an,adventure,traveling,far,and,wide.”,可知,此处,“it”,指是,“the,book”,。故选,A,项。,19/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,【文章导语】,全球变暖造成了很多灾难。关于全球变暖危害,科学家又有了新发觉:全球变暖会使人类变矮。,People around the world may feel that the climate has been getting steadily warmer and warmer in recent years.Places which used to be abundant in snowfall have frequently experienced snow-free winters.Drought lasts longer in some dry areas.People find that without air conditioners they could hardly work or fall asleep on hot summer days.,The side effects of global warming are alarming.A warmer global climate melts the ice caps,raising sea levels.What is more,it disturbs weather patterns,causing droughts,severe storms and hurricanes.People suffer a lot from disasters relevant to global warming.,Here is another discovery about global warming.,20/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,Global warming could make humans shorter,warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.,In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammalshorses,in this case,the last time the world heated up.,The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago.,As temperatures went up their size went down,and vice versa;at one point they were as small as a house cat,said Dr Jonathan Bloch,curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History.,The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammalsand could even make humans smaller.,21/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,“Horses started out small,about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer.Whats surprising is that after they first appeared,they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size,and that exactly corresponds to the global warming event,followed by cooling.,“It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm,but we hadnt understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,”Dr Bloch said in the“Science”journal.,22/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,译文,全世界人或许以为近几年气候正逐步变得越来越暖和。过去降雪丰富地方已经经常经历无雪冬天了。干旱在一些较干地域连续时间更长了。人们发觉,没有空调他们几乎无法在酷热夏日里工作或入睡。,全球变暖副作用在敲响警钟。更暖和气候使冰块融化,海平面上升。而且,全球变暖扰乱了天气模式,造成干旱、严重暴雨和飓风。与全球变暖相关灾难使人们受了很多苦。,这里相关于全球变暖另一个发觉。,科学家警告说,全球变暖可能会使人类变矮。科学家宣称已经找到证据,:,近,5000,万年前全球变暖就曾让世界上最早马个头变小。,23/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,实际上,来自佛罗里达州和内布拉斯加州大学一支研究团体称,他们已经找到地球变暖和哺乳动物个头之间联络。这一案例中马变矮现象是上一次全球变暖时发生。,科学家用化石来追溯马从,5600,万年前诞生至今进化历程。,伴随气温上升,马个头变小,;,反之,气温下降,马个头就变大。佛罗里达自然历史博物馆馆长乔纳森,布洛赫博士说,它们曾一度像家猫那么小。,科学家称,当前全球变暖可能也会对哺乳动物产生一样影响,甚至可能会让人类个子也变小。,布洛赫博士在科学杂志中写道,:“,马最初个头很小,和一只小狗个头差不多,大约也就像一只迷你型雪纳瑞犬那么大。令人诧异是,在马诞生后过了一段时间,它们个子变得更小,之后个头又显著变大,而这些改变与全球变暖既而变冷恰好是相对应。,24/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,“,我们已经知道哺乳动物在那个时期个头较小,而那个时期气候也较暖,但我们还未意识到正是温度驱动着身体大小进化。,”,词海拾贝,1,.abundant,b,nd,nt,adj.,丰富,大量,2,.mammal,mml,n.,哺乳动物,3,.curator kj,reIt,n.,馆长,4,.quote kw,t,v.,引用,5,.miniature schnauzer,迷你型雪纳瑞犬,6,.correspond,k,r,sp,nd,v.,符合;相一致,25/26,重点词汇,重点句型,重点语法,功效,走近高考,拓展阅读,了解诱思,1,.What,has,caused,some,ice,caps,to,melt,according,to,the,passage?,A.Storms.,B.Hurricanes.,C.Global,warming.,D.Polar,bears.,2,.Whats,your,opinion,about,global,warmings,influence?Why?,答案:,C,答案:,略,26/26,