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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit Three Active Reading,Lesson 7,What Is Active Reading,1/36,This unit introduces some techniques that can make an,appreciable difference in how well you read and how,much you remember.In fact,these techniques,prereading,making connections and predictions,and,monitoring your comprehensioncan make an,immediate,significant improvement in your reading,efficiency.,Research reveals that effective reading is not a single-,step process,but a complex set of skills involving,activities before,during,and after reading.Here is a,partial list of some of those skills.,2/36,Before Reading:,1.determine the subject of the material,2.determine how the material is organized,3.define your purpose of reading,4.decide what you need to remember from the,material,3/36,During Reading:,1.identify what is important,2.determine how key ideas are supported,3.identify patterns of thought,4.draw connections among ideas,5.anticipate what is to come next,6.relate ideas to what you already know,4/36,During and After Reading:,1.identify the authors purpose of writing,2.analyze the writers technique and language,3.evaluate the writers competence or authority,4.ask critical questions,5.evaluate the nature and type of supporting,evidence,5/36,Practice of Reading Techniques,Activities before,，,during and after reading.,Determine what is meant by the title of the reading,selection“A Whole Nation and a People.”,2.Determine what sort of literature it is:essay,drama,fiction story,or fragments of autobiography.,3.Anticipate what is to come next after reading the,first five paragraphs.,4.Identify the authors purpose of writing this passage.,6/36,Lesson 7,A Whole Nation and a People,Reading Selection A,7/36,CATALOGUE,Warm-up Activities,About the Author,Language Points,Keys,text,8/36,Warm-up Activities,The western countries have influence us greatly,in all aspects.What are the advantages and the,disadvantage of such influence?,2.Do you think all of us should try our best to,preserve our nations traditional customs?,9/36,About the Author,Harry Mark Petrakis,born June 5,1923,St.Louis,Mo.,U.S.,American novelist and short-story,writer whose exuberant and sensitive,works deal with the lives,of Greek immigrants in urban America.,10/36,About the Author,Petrakis,the son of an Eastern Orthodox priest,attended the University of Illinois(194041)and held a,variety of jobs to support himself while writing.His,novels and stories,usually set in,Chicago,include,Lion at My Heart,(1959),The Odyssey of Kostas,Volakis,(1963),A Dream of Kings,(1966),The Hour of the Bell,(1976),Nick the Greek,(1979),Days of,Vengeance,(1983),and,Ghost of the,Sun,(1990),a sequel to,A Dream of,Kings,.,Harry Mark,Petrakis at age 12,11/36,About the Author,He also published collections of short stories,a,biography,and an autobiography,Stelmark:,A Family,Recollection,(1970).In 1998 he cowrote a biography of,the industrialist Henry Crown,and the following year,he released another autobiographical work,Tales of,the Heart:Dreams and Memories of a Lifetime,.,Family of Harry Mark Petrakis(L to R)Tasula,Fr.Mark Petrakis,Dan,Irene,Mike,Harry,Barbara,Presbytera Stella.,12/36,Language Points,1.contend with someone for something,compete against someone in order to win or achieve it,竞争，争夺,（,line 3,para.1,）,三个党正在争夺权利。,Three parties are contending for power.,争夺冠军这两支球队势均力敌。,The two teams contending for the championship are,very evenly matched.,13/36,Language Points,*contend with,have to deal with problems or difficulties,especially in,order to achieve something,（尤指为达成目标而）,与,搏斗，与,作争斗,他们必须和风速达每小时,40,多英里强风较量。,They had to contend with winds of over 40 miles an,hour.,我得拼命养活这一大家子，已经够受了。,Ive got quite enough to contend with bringing up,such a big family.,14/36,Language Points,2.seek out,hunt down,追寻到；特意要找出,（,line 1,para.2,）,任何人都不会无缘无故地特意寻找不愉快。,It was unusual for anyone to seek out unpleasantness.,科比特决心找出真相。,Corbett resolved to seek out the truth.,他又来找她，问她终究是什么意思。,缺乏英文例句,15/36,Language Points,3.bedevil,If something bedevils someone or something,it,constantly causes problems and difficulties for them,纠缠；困扰,（,line 2,para.2,）,他们为种种埋怨所烦恼，为很多问题所困扰。,They are besieged by complaints and bedeviled with,problems.,伤病满营使球队陷入了困境。,The team has been bedeviled by injury.,会计钻在一大堆数字里面给搅昏了头。,The accountant was bedeviled in a mass of figures.,16/36,Language Points,4.do battle,(mainly journalism)argue with or fight against a,difficult opponent,official system etc.,（与,）争论，,进行斗争,（,line 1,para.4,）,对某人作政治上斗争,do political battle with,就削减预算问题进行斗争,do battle over the budget cuts,他继续与市议会进行斗争。,He continues to do battle with the city council.,他支持者正准备就总统选举团组成问题进行斗争。,His supporters are preparing to do battle over the,composition of the electoral college.,17/36,Language Points,5.*hurl abuse/insults/accusations at sb,shout insults at them in a violent or aggressive way,口气激烈地表示（或叫嚷）；气势汹汹地口吐（恶言）,（,line 3,para.4,）,警察遭到恶狠狠辱骂。,Abuse was hurled at the police.,狂热支持者们开始相互谩骂。,The fans began hurling abuse at each other.,恶狠狠地辱骂,hurl insults,强烈指责某人,hurl accusations at sb,18/36,Language Points,*hurl,throw something violently and with a lot of force;fling,孩子们正在相互掷雪球。,Children were hurling snowballs at one another.,19/36,Language Points,6.*be on(upon)your mettle,be ready to do something as well as you can,because,you know that you are being tested or challenged,鼓起勇气；振作精神（去做某事）,（,line 1,para.5,）,要在这场比赛中获胜，我们得准备尽最大努力。,Well have to be our mettle to win the game.,这个新车素限制将使那些渴望开快车人大为振奋。,This new speed restriction will put a keen driver on his,mettle.,*show/prove your mettle,show that you are capable of doing something well;,prove yourself,表现出（或证实）自己能胜任谋事,他没有机会表现自己能耐。,He had no chance to show his mettle.,20/36,Language Points,7.brace oneself,prepare oneself for something unpleasant,作好准备面对,（不愉快事）；使防范；使经受锻炼,(line 3,para.7),你得作好准备，有坏消息相告。,Brace yourself for bad news.,她为即将到来磨难作好了准备。,She braced herself for her forthcoming ordeal.,全城作了可能再发生一场地震防范。,The city braced itself for a possible new quake.,21/36,Language Points,8.make amends,try to make a situation better after you have done,something wrong;apologize for a mistake or something,harmful that you have done,赔罪；赔偿；赔偿；补救,（,line 3,para.14,）,因无礼行为向某人赔礼道歉,make amends to sb for rudeness,这使他希望对小男孩作些赔偿，他以前对于男孩过于,苛刻。,It made him wish to make amends for his former,unkindness to the boy.,我希望能以某种方式作出补救。,I wish I could make amends somehow.,22/36,Language Points,9.work off,pay someone what you owe them by doing a job for,them instead of giving them money,以工作抵偿（债务）,（,line 1,para.16,）,他们被迫做工以抵偿债务。,They were forced to work off their debts.,*work off something such as some of your weight,you get rid of it by doing something that involves a lot,of physical activity,（经过体力活动）减轻（体重）,她经常靠跑步来减轻过量体重。,She generally works off excess weight by going for,a run.,23/36,Language Points,*work off a feeling such as an anger or embarrassment,you gradually overcome it,especiallyby being,unpleasant or violent towards other people,发泄掉（怒气）；消除（困窘）,他用问题烦扰我们来摆脱自己困窘。,He worked off his embarrassment by harassing us,with questions.,24/36,Language Points,10.square,(informal)If two people are square,they are even,level,or equal with each other,for example they no longer,owe each other any money;neither person owes the,other anything,（非正式）已结清；互不欠帐；两讫,；扯平,(line 3,para.35),你还给我,6,英镑，那么我们就两讫了。,You give me back six pounds then well be square.,再付,5,元钱帐就清了。,Five dollars more and our accounts will be square.,25/36,Keys,.READING COMPREHENSION,1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.B,.VOCABULARY,A.,1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B,B.,1.contend with 2.seek out 3.work off 4.deftly,5.sternly 6.desolate 7.brusquely 8.mutely,9.make amends 10.derided,.CLOZE,1.successive 2.look down on 3.targets 4.Despite,5.in search of 6.Traditionally 7.integrate,8.in favor of 9.distinctive 10.diverse,26/36,Keys,.TRANSLATION,1,我常和一帮来自各国移民子弟一起玩。这一时期给,我记忆最深就是一位杂货店老板。当初我们争相嘲笑,原来国家风俗习惯。星期六到别居民区进行冒险时,为,了证实自己是真正美国人，我们吃热狗，喝可口可乐。,假如谁没带,10,美分，他这顿饭就得饿着，因为他不敢带自,己家里吃那种加了香料夹肉三明治。,2,我们横蛮游戏之一就是找一个推车小贩或是一个,店主，毫无疑问都是移民，然后齐声骂他或嘲笑戏弄他。,为了证实对团伙忠诚，我们必须找一个自己民族移民,小店主或是小贩，以最恶毒方式捉弄他。,27/36,Keys,3“,你真愚蠢。你不知道我这个小店里装着我们整个国,家和民族（包含整个希腊国家与民族历史与文化）。”,4,阿喀琉斯就是带着黑橄榄前往特洛伊城，而且在带,领他密耳弥多涅勇士们鏖战一天后，他会休息，吃些奶,酪和熟透黑橄榄，就是店里这种黑橄榄。,5,马拉松城人们带着这些香料去参战，香味能使他们,想起自己故乡、家人和孩子。,28/36,Keys,6,你知道希腊色拉到底是什么吗？它本身是一顿饭，也,是一次经历，一个情感。它制作是一个娴熟而高雅过,程。希腊神话中说：一天晚上宙斯请众神来奥林匹亚山赴,宴时，他亲自创造了希腊色拉调制法，并亲手把山里,各种原料搜集混拌在了一起。,7,我回头望了一下，他还在门廊下看着我，那些希腊食,物余味像薄雾一样，在他头顶萦绕盘旋。,29/36,Keys,.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION,Why did the author and his gang bedevil,immigrants?Why did they bedevil a shopkeeper or,peddler belonging to their own ethnic background?,They were second or lower generations of immigrants.,They had received the American education and,American values,so they thought they were real,Americans different from their parents or grandparents,and believed that everything in the United States was,good and better than that in any other country.,They bedeviled a shopkeeper or peddler belonging to,their own ethnic background in order to show their,loyalty to their gang.,30/36,Keys,2.In his opening paragraphs,Petrakis tells how he and,his friends banded together to reject their own ethnic,backgrounds.Why is this information important for,understanding the experience he narrates?,These paragraphs tell us the background of the story,that there were severe conflicts in culture and values,between the first generation of immigrants and their,children.When the children of immigrants have,received American education and values,they usually,look down upon the culture and values of their own,ethnic groups,though their cultures may be of longer,history,richer connotation and more colors.,31/36,Keys,3.What details characterize Barba Nikos?,Barba Nikos was a short and sinewy Greek who walked,with a slight limp and sported a flaring,handlebar,mustache.He owned a small,shabby grocery store.He,was proud of his own nation and culture.He thought,the fruits and vegetables in his store represent the,whole nation and people from Greece.,4.What did Mr.Barba Nikos think of the children who,were raised in America?,To Mr.Barba Nikos the children raised in America,were terribly ignorant about values of their own nation,so he was scornful of them.He said the author was,“stupid”,“bonehead”and“dumb”.,32/36,Keys,5.Although the narrator wanted the respect of his,companions,he felt that the attack on the grocer was,“a hollow victory.”Why?,In the fifth paragraph the author writes“The boys,slapped my shoulders in admiration,but it was a,hollow victory that rested like a stone in the pit of my,stomach.”It shows that in his heart he knew he was,not a real American but an American-born Greek.He,had close ties to Greeks.He regretted and was ashamed,of what he had done to the old Greek grocer.So when,he was alone,he walked into the store to make amends.,33/36,6.What role did ancient Greek culture play in Barba,Nikoss life?How does that culture shape his values?,Ancient Greek culture shaped the value in Barba,Nikoss life.He thought that everything from Greece,had something to do with the glorious history and,culture of his own country,and he was very proud of it.,Keys,34/36,7.Tell a story of someone who influenced your life in,the way Barba Nikos influenced that of the narrator.,Describe the person fully in his or her physical,appearance,manner of speech,values,attitude toward,children,and other related details.,8.What attitude should we take toward our own,culture and cultures of other countries?,Keys,35/36,Thank you!,36/36,
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