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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,句子成份分析,I love you.（主谓宾）,Mr Wang,my History teacher at university,is,主 同位语 谓,a learned man.,表（定语）,I heard him sing in the next room last night.,主 谓 宾 补 地点状语 时间状语,1/71,从句分类,名词性从句（nominal clauses):主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句,定语从句/关系从句（attributive clauses/relative clauses）:限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句,状语从句（adverbial clauses):时间，地点，原因，结果，目标，方式，条件，让步，比较,2/71,What he does contradicts what he says.,The fact is that you are lying.,The news that our team got the champion excited everyone present.,3/71,状语从句联络词,when/while/as/as soon as,where/wherever,because/since/for,so that/in order that,so that /such that,as if/as though,if/in case that/lest/as long as,though/although/even if/even though,than,4/71,Language Structures,Look up the word in a dictionary that gives definitions in English.,(The relative clause introduced by,that,as the subject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句主语),Have you read all the books that you borrowed from me?,(The relative clause introduced by,that,as the object，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句宾语）,5/71,Id like to see the gentleman who came from Germany yesterday.,(The relative clause introduced by,who,as the subject，who引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句主语）,Whats the name of the young man who/m he introduced to us last week?,(The relative clause introduced by,who/m,as the object，who/m引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句宾语。),6/71,在关系从句中，假如先行词是“人”，则引导词为who（作从句主语或宾语），whom（作从句宾语），或that（作从句主语或宾语）。,要注意是，即使who比whom用处更广泛，但假如引导词前是一个介词，则引导词必须为whom，如：,She is the teacher who/whom we talked about.,She is the teacher about whom we talked.,7/71,在关系从句中，假如先行词是“物”，则引导词为that或which，二者均可作从句主语或宾语。它们区分在于：,（1）假如先行词有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,none,little等不定代词，则只能用that，不能用which；,e.g.I have read all the magazines that I bought last week.,（2）假如先行词被形容词最高级或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，则只能用that，不能用which；,e.g.It is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.,8/71,（3）在介词后引导词只能用which，不能用that；,e.g.Just choose the subject in which you are most interested.,（4）在非限制性关系从句中，只能用which为引导词，不能用that。,e.g.The river,which flows through London,is called the Thames.,9/71,12 October 1492 was the day _ Columbus landed in America.,A kitchenette is a small room _ people cook their meals.,Is that the reason _ we have tests and quizzes all the time?,12 October 1492 was the day when/on which Columbus landed in America.,A kitchenette is a small room where/in which people cook their meals.,Is that the reason why/for which we have tests and quizzes all the time?,10/71,关系副词,被替换先行词,在从句中作用,When(=at/in/on/during which),表示时间名词,时间状语,Where(=in/at which),表示地点名词,地点状语,Why(=for which),reason,原因状语,11/71,碰到先行词为地点或时间名词，要看该先行词在从句中充当状语还是主语或宾语，假如充当状语，则从句可由where/when引出；假如充当宾语，则从句不可由where/when引出，而仍应该由which引出。如：,The man is said to come from,a town which,nobody knew.,I dont remember,the day that,you mentioned.,This is the place _ I lived 3 three years ago.,This is the place _ you visited last time,right?,12/71,I like the way she spoke.,the way后省略了连接词,原句应为：I like the way,in which/that,she spoke.the way在从句中表示“方式”，上句the way she spoke表示“说话方式”。再如：,That was the way(in which/that)she worked the problem out.,那就是他处理问题方式。,13/71,The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.,which,where,what,in which,14/71,Do you know the man _?,whom I spoke,to who spoke,I spoke to,that I spoke,15/71,This is the hotel _last month.,which they stayed,at that they stayed,where they stayed at,where they stayed,16/71,Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?,which,that,when,on which,17/71,That is the day _Ill never forget.,which,on which,in which,when,18/71,This is one of the best films _.,that have been shown this year,which have been shown this year,that has been shown this year,which has been shown this year,19/71,Can you lend me the book _the other day?,about which you talked,which you talked,about that you talked,that you talked,20/71,Im interested in _you have said.,all that,all what,that,which,21/71,Li Ming,_to the concert,enjoyed it very much.,I went with,with whom I went,with who I went,I went with him,22/71,In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of _are women.,them,which,whom,who,23/71,Last summer we visited the West Lake,_ Hangzhou is famous in the world.,for which,for that,in which,what,24/71,I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.,that,which,as,it,25/71,This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.,in which,with which,that,for which,26/71,He is working hard,_will make him pass the final exam.,that,which,for which,who,27/71,I have two dictionaries,_are of great use.,all of which,either of which,both of them,both of which,28/71,LSP Language Points,cooker:a utensil for cooking,炊具,apparatus:equipment,仪器，设备,be used for:被用于,peeler:a device for peeling vegetables or fruits,去皮器,device:apparatus,peel:strip the skin off,削皮,microcalculator:微型计算器,29/71,add,subtract,multiply,divide:(v.),plus,minus,times,divided:(prep.),a)If you add 24 and 36,you get 60.,24 plus/and 36 is/equals 60.,b)If you subtract 10 from 100,you are left with(you get)90.,100 minus 10 leaves/equals/is 90.,c)14 multiplied by 11 makes 154.,14 times 11 equals 154.,d)If you divide 30 by five,you get six.,30 divided by five equals six.,30/71,switch:(v.)turn off/on,开关,(n.)a control device,electric current:the flow of electricity电流,saucepan:a deep pan with a handle;used for stewing or boiling,炖锅,pot:罐，壶,31/71,32/71,assign:give(a task);appoint,分配，指定，布置（作业）,（1）The teacher didnt assign any homework today.,今天老师没有布置作业。,（2）Paul was assigned to a new post.,Paul被分配到了新岗位。,（3）The two governments assigned a day for the next negotiation.,两国政府确定了下一轮谈判日期。,assignment:作业,（4）What is todays assignment?,今天有什么作业？,（5）He has got a new assignment.,他得到一项新任命。,33/71,research institute:研究所，研究学会,tour:(v.)旅行,游历,巡回,漫游,tour:(n.)旅行,游历,旅游,touring in China,在中国游历,（1）我们游览了一下这座城市。,They have gone on a tour of the city.,（2）我们去年夏天在欧洲观光。,We toured Europe last summer.,34/71,journalist:a news report,新闻记者,a series of:一系列,stylistics:文体学,Autumn Commodity Fair:秋季商品交易会,35/71,LSP Example I,A:Can you explain the word“cooker”in English?,B:Im afraid I cant,A:Then look the word up in a dictionary that gives definitions in English.,B:It says a cooker is an apparatus which is used for cooking food.,36/71,LSP Example II,A:Have you read all the books(that)you borrowed from me?,B:No,theres still one that I havent read.,A:which one?,B:The one that you said you dont like.,37/71,LSP Example III,A:Id like to see the gentleman who came from Canada yesterday.,B:You mean the Canadian engineer whos visiting a research institute here?,A:No.Im looking for the Canadian professor whos teaching at Pujiang University.,B:Oh,its Professor Paul Jones.Hes in Room 802.,38/71,LSP Example IV,A:Whats the name of the young man(whom)Lu introduced us to last week?,B:Paul White.,A:Is he the writer(whom)they invited to attend a conference?,B:No.I dont think so.Mr.White is the English journalist Jin asked to come to our party.,39/71,Dialogue I Discussion,Describe the changes in Chinas rural areas,particularly in the coastal areas.,Describe the changes around you in the last ten years.,40/71,Dialogue I Language Points,I havent seen you around lately:最近都没见到你了。,out of town:出了城,amaze:surprise,tremendous:many,occur:happen,rural:of the countryside 乡下,urban:of the city 城市,coastal:at the coast,沿海,a couple of:two or three,several,41/71,lead a life:have a life,过着生活,（1）他在乡村过着幸福生活。,He leads a happy life in the country.,（2）lead a poor/hard life,barren:poor,贫瘠,tattered:torn or ragged,破烂，褴褛,rows upon rows of:一排一排,three-storeyed:three-floor,story:层,brand-name:a name given to a product,品牌,42/71,drive:(v.)push,force,驱动，推进,(n.)有组织努力；运动；动力；驾驶；车道,（1）He left his car in the drive.,他把汽车停在汽车道上。,（2）What has happened to the companys drive for quality control?,这家企业开展质量控制运动结果怎样？,（3）As part of the banks efficiency drive considerable cuts are being made in the workforce.,银行要努力提升效率，其中一个办法就是大量裁员。,43/71,in favor of:赞同，有利于（Unit 4）,（1）我们赞成她升为总裁。,We are in favor of her promotion to president.,（2）法庭判决有利于被告。,The court decided in favor of the defendant.,in sbs favor,The court decided in the defendants favor.,We hope that the new system will operate in our favor.,put in:投入,preferential policies:privilege,优惠政策,favorable:favoring,有利,44/71,come across:meet accidentally,不期而遇,（1）今天在镇上碰到我大学老同学。,I came across my old college roommate in town today.,（2）一天，她在为Paul清扫房间时候，偶然看到了他日志，于是她就读了起来。,One day while cleaning Pauls room,she came across his diary and started to read it.,45/71,be bound to:一定将会,（1）这项新发觉对于人类必定大有用处。,The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.,（2）孩子们到家后一定会饿他们经常都是这么。,The kids are bound to be hungry when they get home they always are.,vision:the ability to see,视野,broaden:make broad,拓宽,So has,their taste,46/71,desire:long for,渴望,a growing desire to do:越来越渴望去,subscribe to sth.:offer to buy,预订，订阅,via:(prep.)by,through,by means of,（1）你从北京去上海会经由天津吗？,Will you travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin?,（2）你得经过空邮寄信，这么才快。,You must send the letter via airmail,which is fast.,47/71,stumbling block:an obstacle,绊脚石,unimaginable:beyond imagination,不可想象，,make their entry into:enter,entry(n.),enter(v.),precisely:exactly,恰好,48/71,Role-Play,crop-growing agriculture:只种植农作物农业,output:production,产出，产量,cultivate:farm,耕种,reclaim:cultivate the wilderness,开垦（荒地）,scientific farming:科学耕作,unit output:单位产量,existing:现存,arable:capable of being farmed productively，适于耕种,49/71,diversified:various,多样化,husbandry:cultivating the land or raising stock，畜牧管理,forestry:management of forests,森林业，森林学,fishery:fishing industry,渔业,edible:capable of being eaten,可食用,edible oil:食用油,well-informed:knowing,熟悉，见闻广博,prosperous:flourishing,繁荣,defect:disadvantage,缺点,merit:advantage,优点,50/71,Dialogue II,classify into:put into different classes,把归类为,classify objects into types:把物件分成几类,We are trying to classify these book into two types:literary and non-literary.,我们正试着把这些书分成两类：文学类和非文学类。,How to identify and classify objects,by,their features.,怎样依据物件特点分类,classify by:按分类,图书馆书是按科目分类。,The books in the library are classified,by,subject.,51/71,a fur collar:皮领,automatic:working by itself,自动,flash:闪光,fit into:be able to be put into,适合（放入）,fit into your pocket:刚好能放入你口袋,（1）这张卡刚好能放进那个信封里。,This card just fits nicely into that envelope.,（2）这个房间再也放不但更多椅子了。,We cant fit any more chairs into the room.,52/71,develop:(v.)冲洗（照片）,zoom lens:变焦镜头,close-up:a photograph taken at close range,大特写,glue:gum,胶水,sticky:(a.)带有粘性,stick:(v.)粘住,stick things together:把东西粘在一起,fire extinguisher:灭火器,put out:extinguish,扑灭,lost property office:失物招领处,property:possessions,财物,53/71,conscientious:responsible,尽责,attendant:waiter/waitress,服务员,hand in:submit,交上，递交,handle:grip,hold,柄，把手,flight-bag:航空旅行袋,distinguishing:special,有区分，尤其,distinguishing features:特殊特点,distinguish between A and B,initial:the first letter,首字母,54/71,establish:prove,confirm,确定，证实,establish the correct ownership:确定正确物主身份,（1）新证据证实了嫌疑犯有罪。,The new evidence establishes the suspects guilt.,（2）那个故事是否真难以证实。,It is hard to establish the truth of the story.,a list of contents:内容清单,be on duty:当班，上班,two-way radio:收发两用无线电设备,HQ,headquarters:总部,55/71,Reading I:Questions,Why is food a basic need?,How can we avoid malnutrition?,Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes?,What is the difference between needs and wants?,How do you differ from primitive men in our food wants?,Name three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not.,56/71,Structure,Paras.1 3:our first basic need:food,Para.4:our second basic need:clothing,Para.5:our third basic need:shelter,57/71,Reading I Language Points,speak of/about:谈及，说到,speak:说话，说（某种语言）,hear of/about:听说,hear:听到,do without:manage without,没有也能够：在没有某物情况下设法完成,cannot do without:没有就不能够，不能没有,（1）岛上没有电视，可很快我们就适应了。,There was no television on the island,but we soon learned to do without.,（2）在这里生活，不能没有网络。,While living here,one cant do without the Internet.,（3）学习英语不能没有词典。,In learning English,we cant do without a dictionary.,58/71,starve to death:饿死,suffer from+疾病/灾难,suffer from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫,suffer from floods 遭受水灾,suffer:(vt.)遭受，忍受,suffer pain 遭受痛苦,suffer hunger 挨饿,59/71,lack:(n.)be short of,缺乏,a lack of,no lack of,lack:(vt.)缺乏,be lacking in,（1）他缺乏勇气。,He lacks courage./He is lacking in courage./He shows a lack of courage.,（2）这里严重缺水。,There is a serious lack of water here.,（3）蔬菜不缺。,There is no lack of vegetable.,malnutrition:营养不良,nutrition:(n.)营养,nutrient:(n.)有营养食物,nutritious:(a.)有营养,60/71,manage to do sth.:能,live a healthy life,on,limited types of food,primitive:crude,原始,foods:various kinds of food,各种各样食物,food:食物总称（uncountable）,fruits,fruit,whereas:but,be satisfied,with,sth.,wants:(n.),on a diet of:依靠饮食习惯,on diet:节食,monotonous:boring,provide sb.with sth.,provide sth.for sb.,61/71,we differ,from,him,in,our food wants,A differ from B:A与B不相同,differ in:在（方面）有区分,（1）我和我弟兄在许多方面都不一样。,My brother and I differ in many ways.,I differ from my brother in many ways.,（2）日语发音和法语大不相同。,Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.,Be different from,compare with:与相比较,compare to:把比作,Life is poetically,compared,to the morning dew.,在诗歌中，人生被比喻为朝露。,62/71,not only can we enjoy the fruits grown in this country,but we can also enjoy the more exotic fruits from countries thousands of miles away,we can not only enjoy the fruits grown in this country,but we can also,But only A but also B,B as well as A,exotic:foreign,异国,thousands of:数千,one thousand,two thousand,three thousand,hundreds of,millions of,four hundred people,five million dollars,63/71,limit to:(v.)restrict,把限定于（某个范围）,a limit to (n.),（1）妈妈把家里开支限制于1000美元。,Mother limited the family expense to 1000 dollars.,（2）凡事都有程度。,There is a limit to everything.,（3）我能付得起钱数是有限。,There is a limit to the amount of money I can afford.,the same is true of:也一样,64/71,regulate:adjust,控制，调整,（1）regulate the temperature:调整温度,（2）regulate the traffic:管理交通,regulations:rules,规则，要求,（3）Everyone should obey the traffic regulations.,人人都应恪守交通规则。,temperate:mild,not extreme,温和,temperate climate:温带气候,tropical countries:热带国家,arctic:北极，寒带,65/71,likewise:in the same way,change with:伴随而改变,light clothing:轻便衣物,muffle:wrap up,包裹起来,depend upon/on,the aboriginal:the first people living in Australia,澳洲土著人,grand:wonderful,the material comforts:物质享受,the kings and queens,of old,:long ago,古时，很久以前,66/71,deny:refuse to accept or believe or grant,否定,否定;拒绝相信;拒绝接收;拒绝给予(deny sb.sth),（1）他否定了控告。,He denied the charge.,（2）她投诉没给她机会上诉。,She complained that she had been denied the opportunity to appeal.,（3）The scientists have been denied the necessary funds for their research programme.,科学家们得不到他们研究项目必需经费。,Give sb.Sth.,He gave me a pen.,I was given a pen.,A pen was given to me.,67/71,Reading II Language Points,progress toward:move forward,向进步/前进,great steps forward:great progress,domestication:驯养,domestic:(a.)驯服，国内,domesticate:(v.)tame,accomplishments:achievements,成就,wheat,barley,rye,oats and rice:小麦，大麦，黑麦，燕麦和大米,68/71,nothing more than:only,仅仅,(1)It was nothing more than a shower.,仅仅下了场小雨。,(2)那只不过是一个玩笑罢了。,It is nothing more than a joke.,manioc:木薯类植物,maize:corn,玉米,wild grass:野草,69/71,wheat is the most i
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