HighSpeedRailv2.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Excellence through commitment,inspiration and ideas,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,The Case for High Speed Rail,What is High Speed Rail(HSR),Why is it necessary?,What will it cost?,The UK Market for HSR,International Comparisons,Benefits,Current Proposals and Strategy,Conclusions,What is High Speed Rail?,High Speed Rail:,Inter City or Inter Regional Travel at 250kph(150mph);typically 300 to 350 kph(180-210mph),High Frequency;ca.10 trains per hour,per direction,High Density;500 750 seats per train,Central Manchester Central London in under 80 minutes!Not possible by car,conventional rail or air.,What is High Speed Rail?,There is no internationally agreed definition of what constitutes a high speed railway(HSR),EU directive on interoperability defines HS rail as routes operating at 200 km/h(125 mph),Typical speeds for HSR elsewhere are 300 km/h or greater,High speed railways do tend to share certain characteristics including:,New or substantially upgraded infrastructure,Wide minimum track radius to allow high speeds,Wide spacing between tracks to reduce air pressure between passing trains,No level crossings,High Speed 1(CTRL),4 new station developments(St.Pancras,Stratford,Ebbsfleet,Ashford),Major bridge across the River Medway(the longest span high speed rail viaduct in Europe),117 other bridges and structures,traverses rural and major urban areas,Eurostar train,St.Pancras extended roof,Technologies,Rolling stock,EMUs,Double-decker trains possible on new infrastructure,Trains can run at speeds of up to 350 Km/h,Powerful-about 10 12MW continuous,Reliable distributed traction,Technologies,Signalling and communications,In cab signalling,transmission from track to train,Moving block,high capacity;3 to 5 min headways,Automatic train control/protection,Very safe:ERTMS level 3(under development),Technologies,Track,Civils and Power,Continuously welded rail,Resilient trackform(quieter),Viaducts,tunnels common,Substantially straight,Fairly large gradients,Dedicated no mixed train types,little or no freight,50kV autotransformer OLE,Nuclear powered.in France.,Technologies,Maglev,Magnets:floats over track,Ridiculously fast(600 kph),A very,very risky investment,And very,very expensive,Prestige,demonstrator,conceptual,Largely unproven in revenue service,It wont happen here for a very long time indeed,We did have one though,HSRs Key Competitive Advantages,HSRs Competitive Advantage,HSR offers an advantage for journeys over medium distances but relatively little incremental benefit over either very long or very short distances,Competitive Advantage of HSR,2,4,6,8,Door to Door Journey Time(Hours),High Speed Rail Overseas,Overseas HSR,France has over 1500 km of HSR route serving 9 major cities,Germany has 4 HSR routes covering almost 900 km with 3 further routes planned,TGV,France,ICE,Germany,Overseas HSR,Spain has several HSR routes open or under construction totalling over 1000 km,Japan opened the worlds first HSR in 1964,the Tokyo to Osaka Shinkansen,which has since been expanded(now over 2400 km),ShinkansenJapan,Alaris,Spain,Overseas HSR,Other countries in Asia such as China,Korea and Taiwan have introduced HSR,Some US states(such as California and Florida)are considering HSR links between major cities,Further HSR development in Europe is underway in Italy,Holland,Belgium,Austria,Switzerland and several other countries,Demand,Demand,The West Coast Mainline and M6/M1 are full,Standing commonplace!,Scrum at Euston!,M25!,Demand,Demand for HS rail will be greatest where there is a significant benefit in journey times,I.e.for journeys greater than 150 km and less than 800 km,Between areas of relatively dense population,Particularly where the densely populated areas are aligned in“corridors”E.g.Manchester to London.,Source:Steer Davis Gleeve/Atkins/DfT,Demand,Lord Adonis noted the similarity between population densities and distances in and around Japanese cities being similar to those in the UK,Backed by Govt and senior Conservatives,Demand,Traffic:The National Audit Office said in 2006 that the WCML might not be able to cope with current levels of growth beyond 2015,Capacity,Many countries have built high-speed rail lines as much for reasons of capacity as for reasons of speed,Signalling systems can handle trains every 3-5 minutes,Trains tend to have a large number of seats,French TGV duplex trains approx 1000 seats,Japanese HS trains up to 1600 seats,A large capacity system,Capacity,All this equates to the same capacity as a Boeing 737 every 45 seconds or 3 parallel motorways!,It is needed,as forecast growth in rail/road traffic GDP growth over the next 20 years,Capacity,Reliability is important to capacity,Largely or substantially new infrastructure,Modular,standardised,homegenous,TSI-compliant,attention paid to systems integration issues,Built for maintainability,redundancy,resilience,High reliability will make people trust the train and like it success will breed success.,Something Happening?The Headlines,05 September 2008,“HIGH-SPEED RAIL LINK INQUIRY”,24 June 2008,“RAIL ALTERNATIVE TO HEATHROW PLANS”,05 January 2009,“HEATHROW COULD GET HIGH SPEED RAIL HUB”,New HSR Routes for the UK,Proposed routes for new HSR links,Any routes that are taken up are likely to be developed in stages from London northwards,New HSR Routes for the UK,High Speed 2 an option proposed by Greengauge 21,2007,A new HS line to the North West with connection to HS1,Benefits Economic and Business,Benefits Economic and Business,A report by Greengauge 21 in June 2006 entitled“High Speed Trains and the Development and Regeneration of cities”,which examines the effects of HSR in Europe states that:,“Travel by high speed trains.is focussed very much on the service sectors of the economy:business,public administration,leisure,commerce and tourism.”,The report concludes that.HSR services can serve as a major factor in the development of city economies reflecting gains in the following 3 ways:,Cities are brought closer together boosting business activities,Gains are most likely to be made by cities oriented to service sector businesses,Effective movement within and beyond the conurbation is vital for cities to benefit from high speed rail access,Benefits Economic and Business,Connecting regional UK to the Capital/beyond,Like it or not,London is the economic epicentre of the UK:30%of GDP,Proximity of the customer,economic stimulation and regeneration more likely,South-east capacity constraints can be reduced?,Benefits Economic and Business,most obvious benefit is reduced journey times,London to Edinburgh:2 hours 35 minutes,London to Glasgow:3 hours,London to Manchester:1 hour 20 minutes,(based on TGV style North-South link,source:Department for transport,2004),Other,regional,benefits include:,Inward investment,Housing and economic development,Additional opportunities for tourism,Business linked and integrated to the SE,Benefits Economic and Business,A cost to benefits ratio can be developed:,Methodology widely open to interpretation but overall C/B 1,Benefits shown to exceed costs by 2 3,Source Steer Davis Gleeve/Greengage 21,Environmental Benefits,Land take is significantly lower for HSR than for motorways;,Capacity has to be put somewhere,Land use very significant in crowded UK,less so in less dense France,Much more energy efficient,Environment Benefits,On main European journeys,high-speed trains generate between 4 and 40 times less C0,2,per passenger than other modes of transport,Travelling by rail uses 2 to 3 times less energy than journeys by road,A high-speed railway line takes up half as much space as a motorway,Trains return energy to the grid when braking,HSR:Rationale,Alleviates overcrowded conventional rail networks particularly on routes in and out of London,Reduces demand on busy road networks,Enables provision of environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport systems,Provides convenience;the main alternative to HSR on journeys above 400 km is air but most airports are on the outskirts of cities,Case Made?,A no-brainer?,Case Made?,Not quite:,There are significant financial,management,technical,political and environmental problems to overcome,Financial,Financial,Costs of recent new HS rail routes have ranged from around 7m per km(Madrid to Lerida,Spain)to 50m per km(CTRL,UK),Part of the reason for the high cost of CTRL was due to high proportion of tunnels,Other reasons include the cost of land,labour costs,regulatory/approval processes,We need to get to the bottom of rail project costs in the UK.,Financial,Recent cost estimates for HSR in the UK(March 2008 Atkins):,London to Birmingham:9 billion,London to Leeds:12 billion,London to Edinburgh and Glasgow:31 billion,Ian Coucher of Network Rail recently estimated the cost of HSR at between 15m and 19m per kilometre.,Financial,Public-sector infrastructure provision,DfT specified and paid for,private project management?,Government underwritten SPV(c.f.Network Rail),Unlimited liability,Raising the funds may take some time,Post credit crunch?,Financial,Risky venture for private investors,Tube PPP Metronet collapsed,Many uncertainties,risks unquantifiable,Private sector ROSCO for the trains(proven),private operator for the services/stations/maintenance(proven?),Project Management,Project Management,National Audit Office(NAO)head Sir John Bourn said of the WCML:“The weaknesses in the management of the project before 2002 should provide ample warning of the dangers of entering into a scheme on this scale without clear leadership,plans and project management expertise;without fully engaging stakeholders;and using untried technologies.”,Project Management,We need all of these tools and techniques at the projects disposal,properly implemented,HS1=A resounding success,Capacity to do more than one thing at a time;new nuclear,Tube upgrades,Crossrail,Thameslink,Metrolink,etc,etc,etc,Technical,Technical,Finding an adequate route,To attain high speed,trains need a straight line/very gentle curves,Tunnelling is extremely expensive and can be technically very,very difficult,Systems Issues(not just civils)likely to be challenging,Use existing approaches to cities could reduce costs significantly,Technical,Proposal for Manchester as a stop on the line to Leeds.,Nice idea.How?,More likely to be a secondary HS route in the East?,Heathow Hub 4.6bn Arup:Finish 2019,HS1 comes to London via the east.LHR in West.,Tunnel to connect HS1 to HS2not direct,Implications for regional airport strategy?,Political,Political,Planning,Act of Parliament will almost certainly be required re:Crossrail,PPP,etc.Not likely to be an uncontroversial/easy passage,Govts planning commission could overrule local authority restrictions no Sizewell B epic?,Effect of road congestion charging policy,e.g.National,City(C.London,Manchester)?,Political,What marginal constituencies will be affected?,Third Runway Debate,What else could be affected?,Integrated Kent Franchise Javelin,White elephants and stations in the middle of nowhere?,Environmental,Environmental,Noise,Solutions:special earthworks,skirts,aerodynamic pantographs,resilient wheels,etc.etc.,Construction works,Particularly those close to population centres,Depot activity,SSSIs,re:HS1 experience,Options,Options,Meeting Demand,Do nothing the NW economy will become steadily more isolated,seize up/become less competitive,Increase road provision drastically environmentally and politically unsustainable,Invest in upgrades/tilting trains again disruptive,expensive and no less difficult,Adding airport capacity makes no difference,Build an HS Network!,Conclusions,Conclusions,Can afford it similar price to cut in VAT!,Economically viable B/C 2 maybe more,Provides additional diversity and capacity into the transport system,Integrates the high growth economy of the SE with the NW,Some significant problems to overcome,Environmentally sound,most sustainable solution,Thank You,Any questions?,