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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,英语,高考总复习人教版,必修四,语法专题(七)非谓语动词,1/143,一、非谓语动词句法功效,成份,类别,主语,表语,定语,宾语,补语,状语,同位语,独立成份,不定式,Ving,Ved,2/143,二、非谓语动词形式(以make为例),语态与意义,形式与使用方法,类别,语态,意义和使用方法,主动语态,被动语态,Ving,普通式,(not)making,(not)being made,常表示,“,主动,”,和,“,进行,”,完成式,(not)having made,having been made,表示Ving动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前，普通在句中作时间或原因状语,不定式,普通式,(not)to make,to be made,不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或(几乎)同时发生,进行式,to be making,谓语动词动作发生时，不定式动词动作正在进行。,完成式,to have made,to have been made,不定式动作先于谓语动作。,3/143,三、关于非谓语动词几个被动形式使用和区分,被动形式,意义与使用方法,to beVed,表示未做被动动作或行为,beingVed,表示正在做或进行被动动作或行为,having beenVed,表示先于某个动作被动动作或行为(普通不用作后置定语)Ved表示被动动作或行为，其动作能够先于主句动作，与主句动作同时进行或是主句动作之后延续结果。,4/143,四、不定式、Ving形式和Ved作不一样句子成份使用方法区分,1.不定式、Ving和Ved作状语区分,(1)不定式结构惯用作目标状语，表示结果常见于以下搭配：soas to；such,as to,；enough to,；too,to,；never to.，only to(通常是一个未曾料到不愉快结果)。,5/143,这么考过,(全国),The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.,Alooked atBto look at,Cto looking at Dlook at,解析：,句意：当这位著名女演员走进入教室时，全部孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目标。,答案：,B,6/143,(福建三地五校)She returned home from the office，only _ the door open and something missing.,Ahas found Bto be found,Cto find Dfound,解析：,由句意：她从办公室回到家，结果发觉门开着，也丢了东西。知only to find作结果状语，表出乎意料结果。,答案：,C,7/143,(湖南十校联考)If the food tastes nice，well buy some；if _，_.,Ano;no Bnot;not,Cnot;no Dno;not,解析：,第一空用not;if not表,“,假如不,”,，在此相当于if it doesnt taste nice；而第二空也用not，相当于we wont buy。,答案：,B,8/143,(北京朝阳区)Peters mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again.,Ato find Bto be found,Cfinding Dbeing found,解析：,彼得手机偶然落在一辆出租车上了，再也没找到。此处用不定式做结果状语，手机做句子主语，所以与find是被动关系，故选B项。,答案：,B,9/143,(2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步和结果；过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。现在分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。,10/143,这么考过,(上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board.,Akilled Bkilling,Ckills Dto kill,解析：,句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。,答案：,B,11/143,(福建)In April,，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.,Amarking Bmarked,Chaving marked Dbeing marked,解析：,句意：4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年标志。,答案：,A,12/143,(浙江),_ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest.,ANot realized BNot to realize,CNot realizing DNot to have realized,解析：,题意为,“,没有意识到自己正处于很大危险之中，艾瑞克走进了森林更深处,”,。realize和句子主语之间组成逻辑上主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。不定式作状语表示目标或者结果，与题意不符，故可排除B、D两项。,答案：,C,13/143,(四川),_ many times，he finally understood it.,ATold BTelling,CHaving told DHaving been told,解析：,句意：他被通知了好屡次，最终他终于懂了。这道题考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he，句子前是一个非谓语动词结构，he与动词tell存在被动关系，而且动作存在先后次序。,答案：,D,14/143,2不定式和Ving作宾语区分,(1)疑问代词/副词动词不定式。,这种结构惯用于以下动词后：know，make up ones mind，decide，find out，learn，understand，wonder，forget，see，settle等。也能够用于介词后。,15/143,这么考过,(海淀)Have you thought about_to give her as a present?,Awhat Bwho,Cwhich Dwhere,解析：,考查疑问词加不定式使用方法。此处依据句意应用what。,答案：,A,16/143,(东城)I used to work in a nursery before so I know_to expect in this new job.,Awhat Bhow,Cwhy Dwhatever,解析：,what什么；how怎样；why为原因；whatever不论什么，任何东西。What to expent in this new job.作know宾语，what作expect宾语。,答案：,A,17/143,(2)不定式结构普通不作介词宾语。介词接v.ing作宾语。,特例：,but，except表示“除外”时，其前如有行为动词do各种形式，不定式符号to须省略，其它情况下要用带to不定式。,18/143,这么考过,(江西重点联考),_ the tonics(补品)are probably not harmful_ your wallet，Heller thinks that people who try them may not realize how highly caffeinated they are.,AWhile;except for BAs;except for,CWhile;except to DAs;except to,19/143,解析：,语境为：即使补品可能无害除了对钱包之外不过Heller认为尝试补品人可能没有意识到它们咖啡因含量有多高。此处while表示,“,尽管，即使,”,，用来引导让步状语从句；句中to表示对象。,答案：,C,20/143,(3)只能跟to do作宾语动词：agree，pretend，afford，appear，attempt，choose，dare，decide，be determined，fail，happen，hope，learn，manage，offer，refuse等。,21/143,这么考过,(北京石景山区),I hope _ with her about that during the time we _ at college.,Ato talk;studied,Bto have talked;are studying,Cto talk;were studying,Dto have talked;were studying,解析：,句意为,“,我希望上大学时候就已经跟她谈谈那件事。,”,答案：,D,22/143,(河北唐山摸底),Will the Johnsons leave for Australia this spring?,No，they finally decided _.,Anot to leave Bnot leaving,Cnot to Dnot to be leaving,解析：,当不定式内容和前面重复时，不定式能够省略，但不定式符号to不省略，其否定形式为not to。这里是decided not to leave省略。,答案：,C,23/143,注意：既能够跟to do又能够跟sb.to do动词有beg，expect，promise，want，wish，would like/love；能够跟to do但不能够跟sb.to do动词有hope，decide，refuse，manage，pretend，offer，plan，agree等。,24/143,(4)只能跟Ving作宾语动词有：imagine，escape，cant help，enjoy，miss，allow，advise，consider，delay，excuse，feel like，finish，forbid，give up，keep，mind，permit，practise，put off，suggest等。,25/143,这么考过,(上海高校春季),As a new driver，I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again.,Aparking Bto park,Cparked Dpark,解析：,practise,v,t,.,“,实践，练习,”,，其后必须接动名词，不能用不定式作宾语。句意为：作为新司机，我不得不在我小车库里一遍又一遍地练习停车。,答案：,A,26/143,(北京)I cant stand_with Jane in the same office.She just refuses_ talking while she works.,Aworking;stopping Bto work;stopping,Cworking;to stop Dto work;to stop,答案：,C,27/143,注意：上述大多数动词可在Ving前加上逻辑主语，逻辑主语通惯用名词或代词全部格表示，也可用它们宾格表示：,Do you mind their/them making noises here?,你介意他们在此喧华吗？,28/143,(5)有些动词既能够跟不定式作宾语，也能够跟动名词作宾语。区分以下：,love，like，hate，prefer跟Ving表示习惯性动作或行为；跟to do表示某次详细行为。,forget，remember，regret跟Ving表示事情已做过；跟to do表示事情还没做。,29/143,这么考过,(海淀),He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and _ in the morning sunshine.,ASit Bsitting,Csits Dis sitting,答案：,B,30/143,try跟doing表示,“,试着做,”,；跟to do表示,“,尽力做,”,，相当于seek to do,/attempt to do/,make an effort to do。,31/143,这么考过,(南京)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.,Better try_the CCTV website，and you are likely_the information in no time.,Ato visit;to get Bto visit;getting,Cvisiting;to get Dvisiting;getting,32/143,解析：,try doing sth.意为,“,试着做某事,”,；be likely to do sth.,“,有可能做某事,”,，be likely后不可接动词ing。,答案：,C,33/143,mean跟Ving表示,“,意思是，意味着,”,；跟to do表示,“,打算做,”,。,34/143,这么考过,(湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things，think again.,Agets Bgot,Cto get Dgetting,解析：,mean doing意思是，意味着，mean to do打算要,句意：假如你认为善待妇女(女性)就意味着事事都要得到她同意，那就再想想吧。,答案：,D,35/143,consider跟Ving表示,“,打算做某事,”,；跟sb./sth.to do表示,“,认为,”,。,begin,/start,跟,Ving/,to do意义上无区分，但以下三种情况常使用不定式：,36/143,a该二词用于进行时：Its beginning/starting to rain.开始下雨了。,b物作主语：The ice began/started to melt.冰开始融化。,c其后非谓语动词表示心理活动：I began/started to realize my mistake.我开始意识到自己错误。,(6)need,/want/,requireVing(to be Ved)用主动形式表示被动含义，表示,“,需要被,”,；be worthVing也用主动形式表示被动含义，表示,“,值得,”,。,37/143,这么考过,(浙江五校联考),As a result of the earthquake，twothirds of the buildings in the area _.,Aneed repairing Bneeds repairing,Cneeds to be repaired Dneed to repair,38/143,解析：,主语为buildings，所以谓语动词应该用非第三人称单数，能够排除B、C两项。依据句意，建筑物需要被修理，应该用need doing或者是need to be done，所以选择A项。难度适中。,答案：,A,39/143,(广东扬子江中学)Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _.,Aimproving Bimproved,Cbeing improved Dto improve,答案：,A,40/143,(7)on，think of，how/what about，for，against，in spite of，as a result of，because of，feel like等介词宾语只能用Ving。,41/143,这么考过,(江苏高考),The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.,Afind Bto find,Con finding Din finding,解析：,insist当,“,坚持(认为该怎样做),”,解时，后接虚拟语气从句或接 on doing。,答案：,C,42/143,注意：以下动词短语中to为介词，后面应用Ving形式作宾语。,43/143,pay attention to注意；see to注意，负责；lead to造成；refer to谈到，包括；turn to求援于；stick to坚持；object to反对；be/get used to习惯于做某事；devoteto为贡献时间、精力等；get down to开始认真做某事；be accustomed to 习惯于。,44/143,这么考过,(郑州)Many teachers strongly object to_at school.,Asmoke Bsmoking,Csmoked Dhaving smoked,解析：,object to(反对)中to是介词，后面接动名词形式。,答案：,B,45/143,(江苏),They are quiet，arent they?,Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.,Ato talk Bto not talk,Cto talking Dto not talking,解析：,be accustomed to后跟动名词作宾语，动名词否定形式应该在动名词前面加not。,答案：,D,46/143,(大连八中)I was close to _ the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.,Abe killed;that,Bbeing killed;what,Cbeing killed;which,Dkilling;what,47/143,解析：,close to中to是介词，后接动名词被动式作宾语。后一空填what，what引导名词性从句作at宾语。,答案：,B,48/143,3不定式、Ved和Ving作宾语补足语区分,(1)hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，make，let，have后宾语补足语如用不定式，to常省略；但上述动词为被动语态时，to不可省略。,49/143,这么考过,(泉州质检)I really like this song as it is often heard _ everywhere in China.,Asinging Bsung,Chaving sung Dto sing,解析：,it代指上文this song，sing与song之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词sung作主语补足语。,答案：,B,50/143,(全国),The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.,Apicked up Bpicks up,Cpick up Dpicking up,解析：,句意为,“,导演要他助手为这次会议准备一些热狗,”,。have sb.do sth.为固定结构，其中do sth.为省略to不定式作宾语补足语。和have类似使用方法使役动词有make，let。,答案：,C,51/143,(杭州质检),Blamed for breaking my promise，I felt my face _ hot，and hung my head in shame.,Ato grow Bto be growing,Cgrown Dgrow,解析：,本题考查,“,feel宾语宾补,”,结构，因为feel是感观动词，故用动词原形作宾补。,答案：,D,52/143,(2)tell，want，allow，warn，advise，ask，beg，encourage，cause，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，help，invite，would like/love，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，wish，prefer后宾语补足语用to do。(注意：help后宾补to do中to可省),53/143,这么考过,(湖南浏阳一中)The old grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，wont want his granddaughter,_ this week.,Ato operate on Boperates,Cto be operated on Doperating,答案：,C,54/143,(上海春),Due to the heavy rain and flooding，ten million people have been forced _ their homes.,Aleaving Bto leave,Cto be left Dbeing left,解析：,句意：因为大雨和洪水，已经有一千万人被迫离开他们家园了。force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do,“,迫使某人做,”,。故选B项。,答案：,B,55/143,(3)think，believe，consider，find，imagine，feel，suppose后常跟to be或to haveVed作宾语补足语。,56/143,这么考过,(,上海高考)The flu is believed_by viruses that like to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throat.,Acausing Bbeing caused,Cto be caused Dto have caused,57/143,解析：,依据flu 和介词by可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A和D项；再依据is believed，可知C为最正确选项。因为，sth.is believed,/considered/,thought to be/as sth.是英语中一个常见句式。,答案：,C,58/143,(4)feel，find，see，catch，hear，watch，notice，have，get，keep，leave后常跟Ving作宾语补足语。,59/143,这么考过,(上海春),If we have illegal immigrants _ in，many local workers will lose their jobs.,Acame Bcoming,Cto come Dhaving come,60/143,解析：,句意：假如我们让非法移民不停涌入，许多当地工人就会失业。havesb.,/sth.,doing“,让,一直干,”,；,have sb.do“,让某人做,”,；,have,sth.,done“,让某事被做,/,遭遇某事,”,，如：He had his leg broken yesterday.他昨天摔断腿了。,答案：,B,61/143,(河南郑州四中),As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a board _“_to Evans”,Areads;Welcomed Bwritten;to Welcome,Creading;Welcome Dprinted;Welcome,解析：,“,牌子上写着,”,用动词read，表示,“,标明,”,；,“,欢迎你,”,用You are welcome，welcome用作形容词而不是动词，这里主语和be动词都省略了。,答案：,C,62/143,(5)find，hear，see，have，get，make后常跟Ved作宾语补足语。,63/143,这么考过,(福建)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period.,AImproved Bimproving,Cto improve Dimprove,解析：,所填词作have宾语补足语，与宾语her written English是被动关系，用过去分词，选A。,答案：,A,64/143,(西城)Where is Tom?,I last saw him_in the library reading.,Asit Bseated,Cseating Dsat,解析：,此处谓语动词是saw(see)，是感官动词，后可跟宾语补足语，seat用作动词，作宾补时，通惯用其过去分词形式，所以本题选B。,答案：,B,65/143,(江苏),To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.,Aspeak Bspeaking,Cspoken Dto speak,解析：,句中非谓语动词作hear后宾语补足语。依据English和speak为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。,答案：,C,66/143,(广东汕头)The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _ should have attracted the governments attention.,Asolving Bsolve,Cto solve Dsolved,答案：,D,67/143,(重庆)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.,Aworried Bto worry,Cworrying Dworry,68/143,解析：,备选答案是动词worry某种形式。worry多为及物动词，意为,“,使,担心/着急,”,。全句意思应该是：因小孩违法而处罚父母法律使父母感到担心。另外，空中应填宾语补足语，表示宾语动作、状态、身份等。这么法律使父母感到担心，也就是说父母被这么法律弄得担心。所以宾语与补足语之间有被动主谓关系，而过去分词恰好表被动意义。,答案：,A,69/143,4不定式、Ving和Ved作定语区分,(1)不定式作定语，它所修饰名词往往是其逻辑宾语，而且表示动作还未发生。,70/143,这么考过,(安徽)The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,Aproduced Bbeing produced,Cto be produced Dhaving been produced,解析：,句意：下个月即将上演戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。to be produced作后置定语，修饰名词play，表示,“,将上演,”,。produced表示,“,上演过,”,，being produced表示,“,正在上演,”,。,答案：,C,71/143,(重庆),With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.,Adeal Bdealt,Cto deal Ddealing,解析：,句意：伴随世界快速改变，我们天天都有新问题要独自处理。本题考查是不定式作定语，have something to do，动词do逻辑上主语是we，也就是句子主语。,答案：,C,72/143,注意：不定式与其所修饰词之间含有动宾关系时，不定式必须是及物动词，而且后面不可再有宾语；假如不定式为不及物动词，后面要加适当介词，同被修饰词组成介宾关系：She found a house to live in.她找了幢房子住进去。,73/143,(2)Ving所修饰名词是该动作执行者(即与被修饰名词之间关系是逻辑上主动主谓关系)，它表示动作与主句动作同时进行或说话时正在进行。,74/143,这么考过,(湖南师大附中),Barack Obama told millions _ him that his grandmothers influence on _ he is and the way he views the world was significant.,Asupport;how Bsupporting;who,Csupported;where Dto support;what,解析：,奥巴马对数百万注视着他人说，他外祖母对他性格和世界观形成影响很大。supporting him作millions后置定语。,答案：,B,75/143,(浙江嘉兴),The plans _ by many managers now will be carried out next month.,Abeing discussed,Bdiscussed,Cto be discussed,Dhaving been discussed,答案：,A,76/143,(湖南师大附中)There is still a long way to go to work out all the problems _ conservation of natural resources.,Aconcerning Bconcerned,Cto concern Dconcern,解析：,由句意：要处理保护自然资源问题，我们仍有很长路要走。知空中应填一个作后置定语短语，concerning,“,与,相关,”,，作,prep,.。,答案：,A,77/143,(3)Ved作定语，其修饰名词是该动作承受者(即与被修饰名词之间关系是逻辑上被动主谓关系)。它所表示动作含被动意义，但并不表示完成概念；或既表示被动意义又表示完成概念。,78/143,这么考过,(北京),For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.,Agrown Bbeing grown,Cto be grown Dto grow,解析：,句意：早饭他只喝自己农场种新鲜水果榨出来果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit与grow为被动关系，故排除D选项；being grown 正被种植；to be grown 将要被种植，均不合题意，所以选A。,答案：,A,79/143,(上海),With the governments aid，those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.,Aaffect Baffecting,Caffected Dwere affected,解析：,句意：在政府援助下，那些受到地震影响人们已经搬到新定居点。用affect过去分词形式作主语those后置定语，表示,“,受到地震影响人们,”,。,答案：,C,80/143,5Ving和不定式作主语区分,(1),v,.ing泛指某种行为、活动或某种职业；动词不定式指特定某一次行为或活动。,81/143,这么考过,(江苏常州统考),What made you so delighted at Christmas?,_.,AI received many more presents than others,BBecause my parents promised me a new car,CMy uncles coming back from abroad,DAs there was an unusual celebration,82/143,解析：,句意：,“,在圣诞节什么事让你这么高兴？,”“,我叔叔从国外回来。,”,第一句中what作主语，用往返答它只能是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或名词性从句。,答案：,C,83/143,(北京海淀区)_ these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more.,AFollowed BFollowing,CTo follow DBeing followed,84/143,解析：,由句中缺空处知缺乏主语，且与句中“you,”,组成逻辑主谓关系，故可排除A、D项。B项动名词following表示经常、习惯动作或情况，而C项中to follow则表示某一次特定、详细动作，相比较B项要比C项好，故选B。,答案：,B,85/143,(重庆一中)_ in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was still young.,ABringing up BBeing brought up,CHaving brought up DBrought up,解析：,动名词被动式作主语。,答案：,B,86/143,(2)通常使用形式主语it。常见句型结构为：,1It is,/was,adj.,of/,for sb.to do sth.,注意：,介词用of还是用for要依据前面形容词而定。若该形容词表示人性格特征用of，表示事物特征就必须用for。,87/143,这么考过,(南通调研),“Once people think you are a liar，its hard _，no matter what youll say.”father warned his son.,Afor you to make yourself believe,Bfor you to make yourself believed,Cof you to make yourself believing,Dof you to make yourself believe,88/143,解析：,本题考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和词组make oneself done。父亲警告儿子说：,“,一旦人们认为你是个骗子，那么不论你说什么，都极难让人相信你。,”,答案：,B,89/143,还可能这么考,It is silly of me_ all eggs in one basket.That was the worst mistake Ive ever made.,Ato put Bto have put,Cputting Dhaving put,解析：,此题易误选A。后句语境提醒That was the worst mistake，说明这一动作发生在过去，故应用不定式完成式表示动作已发生。句意：把全部鸡蛋都放在了一个篮子里，我真是太蠢了。这是我所犯过最糟糕一个错误。,答案：,B,90/143,2It is no use,/no good doing sth.,做,没有用处,/,好处,91/143,可能这么考,It is no use_without doing.,Ato promise Bpromising,Cpromise Dto be promised,解析：,it 为形式主语，真正主语是promising without doing。,答案：,B,92/143,3There is no use,/no good/,no point(in)doing sth.做,没有用处,/,好处,/,意义,93/143,这么考过,(宁夏中卫模拟)There
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