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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1 Never give in,never,never,never,Language work,1/83,1.Since,使用方法,How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?,离开（没住在）上海多久了？,It is half a month since he was a League member.,他退团（不妥团员）半个月了。,Its been quite some time since I was last in London.,我离开伦敦已很长时间了。,比较：,He has written to me frequently since I was ill.,自从我病愈以来，他一再给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）,He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.,自从我生病以来，他就一再给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）,2/83,Since we have owned a car,we have gone camping every year.,自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。,试比较：,1.Since I,ve been at this school,we have had three headmasters.,自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。,Since I was at this school,they have had three headmasters.,自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。,2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill.,自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。,He has never been to see me since I was ill.,自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。,3/83,由此可见，,since,引导从句连续动词普通过去时和现在完成时所表示意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以必定语法形式反应着否定逻辑内容，而后者形式与内容是一致。至于,It is+,一段时间,+since,句型与,It has been+,一段时间,+since,意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。应注意是，在这种结构中，,since,引导从句绝对不能用否定式谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：,It is a long time since he didn,t study English.It,s two months since you didn,t come to see me.,正确说法为：,It,s a long time since he studied English,他很久没学英语了。,You haven,t come to see me for two months.,你有两个月没来看我了。,4/83,at your Head Masters kind invitation,at:,in response to,Detailed reading1,at your Head Master,s kind invitation 1,e.g.,A meeting was arranged at the ambassadors request.,At my suggestion,Mrs.Carey wrote to her former employer.,Collocations:,at ones invitation/request/suggestion,etc.,Detailed reading,Translation:,应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。,At the invitation of President Hu Jintao,President of the United States will pay a state visit to China.,_,_,5/83,catastrophic:,a.,involving or causing sudden great damage,or suffering,Detailed reading1,catastrophic,Synonym:,disastrous,Detailed reading,Collocations:,catastrophic floods/losses/effects/results,Derivation:,catastrophe,n,.,6/83,1.adj.Something that is,catastrophic,involves or causes a sudden terrible disaster.,灾难性,A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast causing catastrophic damage.,地震引发海啸攻击了海岸，造成了灾难性损失。,The water shortage in this country is potentially catastrophic.,该国水资源匮乏很可能是灾难性。,2.adj.If you describe something as,catastrophic,you mean that it is very bad or unsuccessful.,极糟,;,失败,a catastrophic depression;catastrophic illness,7/83,Detailed reading1-,ups and downs,ups and downs:,a mixture of good things and bad things,n.,沉浮；盛衰；高低,e.g.,Sitting beside the window,he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.,Detailed reading,Translation:,从,1999,年建立以来，企业历经盛衰浮沉。,The organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 1999.,_,_,8/83,Detailed reading1-,position,position:,situation at a particular time,Synonym:,situation,Detailed reading,e.g.,It is time those companies revealed more about their financial position.,Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particular shows up.,9/83,1.N-COUNT The,position,of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other things.,位置,The ship was identified,and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard.,该轮船身份已得到确认，其名称和位置已汇报给了海岸警卫队。,2.N-COUNT When someone or something is in a particular,position,they are sitting,lying,or arranged in that way.,姿势,It is crucial that the upper back and neck are held in an erect position to give support for the head.,主要是：上背和颈部要挺直以支撑头部，这一点很主要。,Mr.Dambar had raised himself to a sitting position.,丹巴先生已坐了起来。,10/83,3.V-T If you,position,something somewhere,you put it there carefully,so that it is in the right place or position.,小心放置,Position the cursor where you want the new margins to begin.,将光标放在你所要新页边空白开端。,4.N-COUNT Your,position,in society is the role and the importance that you have in it.(,社会,),地位,Adjustment to their changing role and position in society can be painful for some old people.,对有些老年人适应他们在社会中不停改变角色和地位可能是痛苦。,5.N-COUNTA,position,in a company or organization is a job.,职位,正式,He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the NEH.,他放弃了教职，方便在国家人文基金会任职。,11/83,6.N-COUNT Your,position,in a race or competition is how well you did in relation to the other competitors or how well you are doing.(,比赛、竞赛中,),名次,By the ninth hour the car was running in eighth position.,比赛进行到第,9,个小时时候该赛车跑在第,8,位。,7.N-COUNT You can describe your situation at a particular time by saying that you are in a particular,position,.,处境,;,情况,Hes going to be in a very difficult position if things go badly for him.,他处境将非常困难，假如情况变糟话。,Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position.,应该要求各企业披露更多财务情况资料。,12/83,8.N-COUNT Your,position,on,a particular matter is your attitude toward it or your opinion of it.,态度,;,看法,正式,He could be depended on to take a moderate position on most of the key issues.,能够相信，他会在大多数关键问题上持温和态度。,9.N-SING If you are,in a position,to,do something,you are able to do it.If you are,in no position,to,do something,you are unable to do it.(,做某事,),适当位置,I am not in a position to comment.,我不便发表评论。,10.PHRASE If someone or something is,in position,they are in their correct or usual place or arrangement.,在适当位置上,28,000 U.S.troops are moving into position.2.8,万名美国士兵即将到位,。,13/83,desperately,:adv.,绝望地，希望渺茫地,;,铤而走险地，不顾一切地，拼命地,The president says people are,desperately,searching for work,and the government has an obligationto consider every additional responsible step possible to get them working again.They are trying,desperately,to get water into that pool to avoid a nuclear disaster.,adj.,desperate,不顾一切；令人绝望；极度渴望,n.,desperation,绝望境地；不顾一切拼命,14/83,unmeasured,/nmd/,1.adj.measureless;limitless,无限,adj.,unmeasurable,不可测；无法计量,15/83,menace,/mns/CET6 TEM4,(menacing,menaced,menaces),1.N-COUNT If you say that someone or something is a,menace,to other people or things,you mean that person or thing is likely to cause serious harm.,威胁,In my view,you are a menace to the public.,在我看来，你对公众是一个威胁。,2.N-COUNT You can refer to someone or something as a,menace,when you want to say that they cause you trouble or annoyance.,烦人之人,;,烦人之物,非正式,Youre a menace to my privacy,Kenton.,你是个侵犯我隐私讨厌人，肯顿。,16/83,3.N-UNCOUNT,Menace,is a quality or atmosphere that gives you the feeling that you are in danger or that someone wants to harm you.,危险性,;,威胁性,There is a pervading sense of menace.,有一个在蔓延危险感。,4.V-T If you say that one thing,menaces,another,you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm.,威胁,They seem determined to menace the United States and its allies.,他们好像决心要威胁美国及其盟国。,17/83,Detailed reading2-,throwing our,throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago:,recollecting our meeting at Harrow School,ten months ago,e.g.,Please throw your mind back to 1945,when people all over the world were engaged in a great war against the Fascists,.,Detailed reading,18/83,deceptive,/dsptv/CET6+TEM4,1.ADJ If something is,deceptive,it encourages you to believe something which is not true.,骗人,Johnston isn,t tired of Las Vegas yet,it seems,but appearances can be deceptive.,似乎，约翰斯顿还没有厌倦拉斯韦加斯，但表象可能是骗人。,2.deceptively,ADV,骗人地,The storyline is deceptively simple.,故事情节看似简单。,n.,deception,坑骗，欺诈；骗术,deceptiveness,虚伪；迷惑骗人,19/83,Detailed reading3-,meet with,meet with:,experience;undergo,Detailed reading,e.g.,Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with embarrassing failure.,Efforts to put the Russian space programme into market have met with little success.,She was worried that he might have met with an accident.,20/83,triumph/,tramf/CET4,1.N-VAR A,triumph,is a great success or achievement,often one that has been gained with a lot of skill or effort.,胜利,;,成就,The championships proved to be a personal triumph for the coach.,那些冠军称号证实了教练戴夫,多诺万个人成就。,2.N-UNCOUNT,Triumph,is a feeling of great satisfaction and pride resulting from a success or victory.(,成功或胜利,),喜悦,Her sense of triumph was short-lived.,她喜悦感觉是短暂。,3.V-I If someone or something,triumphs,they gain complete success,control,or victory,often after a long or difficult struggle.,成功,;,获胜,All her life,Kelly had stuck with difficult tasks and challenges,and triumphed.,凯利在一生中遭遇了种种艰巨任务与挑战，但成功了。,21/83,impostor,/mpst/,also imposter,TEM8,1.N-COUNT Someone who is an,impostor,is dishonestly pretending to be someone else in order to gain an advantage.,假冒者,;,冒名顶替者,He was an imposter who masqueraded as a doctor.,他是位冒牌医生。,22/83,Detailed reading3-,imagination,.imagination makes things out far worse.:,.,what one imagines tends to be worse than reality.,e.g.,How do you make that out(=what are your reasons for thinking that)?,+wh-I cant make out what she wants.,Detailed reading,make out:,see or understand,Paraphrase:,I cant make out how to put it back.,I dont know/understand how to put it back.,_,23/83,Detailed reading3-,far-reaching,far-reaching:,TEM4,1.ADJ If you describe actions,events,or changes as,far-reaching,you mean that they have a very great influence and affect a great number of things.,影响深远,The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented.,除非实施影响深远改革，不然经济就有瓦解危险。,e.g.,The consequences of the decision will be far-reaching.,They decided to carry on far-reaching constitutional reforms.,Collocations:,far-reaching consequences/implications/changes/reforms,Detailed reading,24/83,address CET4 TEM4,名词读作,drs,或,drs,。动词读作,drs,。,1.N-COUNT Your,address,is the number of the house or apartment and the name of the street and the town where you live or work.,地址,2.N-COUNT The,address,of a website is its location on the Internet,for example,.,网址,计算机,Full details,including the website address to log on to,are at the bottom of this page.,包含要登陆网址完整信息在本页下端。,25/83,3.V-T If a letter,envelope,or parcel,is addressed to,you,your name and address have been written on it.,写,(,收信人,),姓名地址,usu passiveApplications should be addressed to:The business affairs editor.,申请信应该寄给商务编辑。,4.V-T If you,address,a group of people,you give a speech to them.,作演讲,He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.,他下周要在一个人权会议上讲话。,5.N-COUNT,Address,is also a noun.,演讲,He had scheduled an address to the American people for the evening of May 27.,他已经安排在,5,月,27,日晚向美国人民作一个演讲。,26/83,conviction:,n.,CET4 TEM4,Detailed reading5,conviction,e.g.,She was motivated by deep religious convictions.,In face of difficulty,he held a conviction that all would be well in the end.,Detailed reading,(1)a strong opinion or belief,坚定信念,usu N that,(2)U the feeling or appearance of believing sth.,strongly or of being sure about it,坚信,e.g.,He said he agreed but his voice lacked conviction.,The leaders speech in defense of the policy didnt carry much conviction.,We shall,sir,said Thorne,with conviction.,索恩坚定地说：,“,先生，我们会,”,。,Collocations:,political/moral convictions,27/83,never give in or surrender to the seemingly strong enemy,never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy,_,Detailed reading5,yield,Detailed reading,yield:,v,.,yield(to sth./sb.):,(,formal or literary,)give up control(of),e.g.,After a long siege,围攻，包围,the town was forced to yield.,He reluctantly yielded to their demands.,If the newly founded regime does not yield,it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain defeat.,I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.,Synonym:,surrender,Paraphrase:,28/83,overwhelming,:1.ADJ If something is,overwhelming,it affects you very strongly,and you do not know how to deal with it.,强悍而令人难以应正确,The task wont feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small,easy-to-accomplish steps.,假如你把这个任务分解成一个个轻易完成小步骤，就不会以为那么难以应对。,The other women all seemed overwhelmingly confident.,其它女士们似乎都令人难以应对地自信。,2.ADJ You can use,overwhelming,to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.,(,数量上,),压倒性,强调,The overwhelming majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months.,绝大多数小企业在最初,24,个月里破产。,Overwhelmingly adv.(,数量上,),压倒性地,The people voted overwhelmingly for change.,人们以绝对多数投票赞成变革。,29/83,Detailed reading5,overwhelming,The evidence against him was overwhelming.,She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth.,e.g.,Detailed reading,overwhelming:,a.,very great in amount,Derivation:,overwhelm:,v.,defeat or make powerless(usu.a group of people)by much greater force of numbers;e.g.to overwhelm the opposing army,Translation:,压倒性大多数表决反对这个提议。,An overwhelming majority voted against the proposal.,_,30/83,liquidate,/lkwdet/TEM8,1.V-T To,liquidate,a company is to close it down and sell all its assets,usually because it is in debt.,清算,商业,A unanimous vote,(,全票经过,)was taken to liquidate the company.,投票一致经过对这家企业进行清算。,liquidation N-VAR,清算,The company went into liquidation.,这家企业进入了停业清理阶段。,2.V-T If a company,liquidates,its assets,its property such as buildings or machinery is sold in order to get money.,将资产换成现金,商业,The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January.,这家企业在,1,月份停顿运作，开始把其资产折换成现金。,31/83,flinch/flnt/,1.V-I If you,flinch,you make a small sudden movement,especially when something surprises you or hurts you.,畏缩,usu negLeo stared back at him without flinching.,利奥毫不畏缩地回瞪着他。,2.V-I If you,flinch,from,something unpleasant,you are unwilling to do it or think about it,or you avoid doing it.,退缩,The world community should not flinch in the face of this challenge.,该国际团体不应该在这一挑战面前退缩。,3.N the act or an instance of drawing back,退缩,32/83,Detailed reading6,persevere,Detailed reading,persevere:,v.,continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no indication of success,Collocations:,persevere(in sth./in doing sth.);persevere(with sth./sb.),Despite a number of setbacks,they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.,She persevered with her violin lessons.,e.g.,Derivations:,persevering,a,.;perseverance,n.,33/83,adj.,persistent,固执，坚持；持久稳固,persevering,坚忍；不屈不挠,adv.,persistently,坚持地；固执地,perseveringly,坚定地,n.,perseverance,坚持不懈；不屈不挠,persistence,连续；固执；存留,perseveration,连续言语（指言语重复不止病态）；连续重复行为；执拗,34/83,Detailed reading7,compliment 1,compliment,:,v.,politely congratulate or praise(sb.)for sth.,e.g.,She complimented him on his excellent German.,Detailed reading,Collocation:,compliment sb.(on sth.),These words have similar spellings but completely different meanings.,If you,compliment,someone,you say something very nice to them.,If one thing,complements,another,the two things work or look better because they are together.,Comparison:,compliment,&,complement,35/83,Detailed reading7,compliment,2,A.The different flavors each other perfectly.,B.She me on my English.,complement,_,Detailed reading,complimented,_,Blank filling:,36/83,stern,/stn/CET6 TEM4,1.ADJ,Stern,words or actions are very severe.(,话语或行为,),严厉,Mr.Monroe issued a stern warning to those who persist in violence.,门罗先生向那些顽守暴力之徒发出严厉警告。,sternly ADV,严厉地,We will take the necessary steps,she said sternly.,“,我们将采取必要办法，,”,她严厉地说道。,2.ADJ Someone who is,stern,is very serious and strict.,苛刻,Her father was stern and hard to please.,她父亲苛刻，不易讨好。,3.N the rear or after part of a ves
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