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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,Silent Spring,Rachel Carson,1/45,abundance,an abundance of,abundant,be abundant in/with,Our country is abundant in minerals.,cf：abandon,丰富；充裕,大量（名词词组）,丰富；富有,富于；富有,我国矿产非常丰富。,遗弃；放弃,2/45,acreage,acre,metre,kilometre,centimetre,millimetre,decimetre,yard,foot,inch,mile,面积；英亩数,英亩（4047平方米）,米,千米,厘米,毫米,分米,码,英尺,英寸,英里,3/45,kilogram,gram,milligram,ton,degrees Celsius,degrees Fahrenheit,square,cube,千克,克,毫克,吨,摄氏度,华氏度,平方,立方,4/45,bound,He is,bound,by affection.,the past tense and past participle of,bind,.,There are,bound,to be price increases next year.,The ship was,bound,for Italy.,The ball,bounded,against the wall.,If a place is,out of,bounds,people are not allowed to go there.,越限；禁止入内,within,bounds,:在允许活动范围内;,在安全(或适当)范围以内，在程度之内；,5/45,brand,Brand Management,Brand image,b,rand culture,Brand Design,international brand,品牌管理;品牌战略,品牌形象,品牌文化,;,企业文化,品牌设计;品牌形象设计,国际品牌,6/45,brand,7/45,check，balance,CCB(China Construction Bank),中国建设银行,ABC(Agricultural Bank of China),中国农业银行,ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China),中国工商银行,BOC（Bank of China),中国银行,BCM(Bank of Communications),交通银行,8/45,depositor,a deposit form,withdraw,credit card,principal,overdraft,overdraw,to cash,to honor a cheque,to dishonor a cheque,surplus,inflation,favourable balance,adverse balance,存户,存款单,支取,信用卡,本金,透支,兑现,兑付,拒付,结余,通货膨胀,顺差,逆差,9/45,national budget,stock,share,treasury bill,m,onetary,f,und,loan,foreign exchange fluctuation,gold reserve,stock exchange,broker,commission,国家预算,股票,国库券,货币基金,贷款,外汇波动,黄金贮备,股票交易所,经纪人,佣金,10/45,contamination,pollution,contamination:,the situation that a place or substance is made dirty or harmful by putting sth such as chemicals or poison in it.,pollution:,undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities,contaminatepollute,contaminantpollutant,11/45,counter-,counterpart,“对立”，“对应”，“交互”；“对应”，“对等”,counterclockwise,“反”,“逆”,“对立”,“相对”,counterplot,“报复”，“还击”，“反驳”，“回击”，“报复性”,12/45,damp-dump,ADJ,Something that is damp is slightly wet.,eg.,Her hair was still damp.,.the damp,cold air.,N-UNCOUNT,Damp is moisture on the inside walls of a house or in the air.,VERB,restrain or discourage,eg.,the sudden bad news damped the joyous atmosphere,cast/strike/throw a damp over/into,damp down,V-T If you,dump,something somewhere,you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly.,V-T If something is,dump,ed somewhere,it is put or left there because it is no longer wanted or needed.,V-T To,dump,something such as an idea,policy,or practice means to stop supporting or using it.,V-T If a firm or company,dump,s goods,it sells large quantities of them at prices far below their real value,usually in another country,in order to gain a bigger market share or to keep prices high in the home market.,V-T If you,dump,someone,you end your relationship with them.,N-COUNT A dump is a place where rubbish and waste material are left,for example,on open ground outside a town.,13/45,ecologist,ecological;eco,ecological environment,ecological system,ecological balance,ecological agriculture,ecological crisis,ecological engineering,ecological benefit,ecological effect,ecological condition,ecological damage,ecological distribution,ecology,生态环境,生态系统,生态平衡,生态农业,生态危机,生态工程；生态工程学,生态效益,生态效应,生态条件；生态环境,生态破坏,生态分布,14/45,环境：environment，surroundings conditions，circumstances,surroundings 偏重于生活、居住周围环境,environment则指对人成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响环境。,conditions 虽有环境含义，不过更靠近汉语“条件”泛指改变、限制性原因，也指影响生活质量种种原因。,circumstances则相当于“形势、情况”，往往指人力无法控制、驾驭事件和事态总和,。,15/45,circumstances还有一层意思，便是境遇、财力、经济情况，如经济宽余、生活安逸,，或者,经济拮据、境遇不佳,时，,两词有时也可通用，,在习语中,词搭配是固定，不可交换，,如in/under the circumstances,in/under no circumstances。,16/45,landscape,scenery,scene,view,Each year,we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the,_,.,They stood gazing the happy,_,of children playing in the park.,Our house has a,_,of the park.,The,_,seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.,17/45,landscape,scenery,scene,view,landscape n.(自然)风景，景色；风景画。,scenery n.风景，景色，舞台布景，强调从美角度看，某个国家或地域总体外貌。,scene n.指从远处看到某一详细景色、景象，也能够指人物活动场面；(犯罪)地点，现场。,view n.指从远处或窗户看到视野范围内风景；观点，看法。,18/45,landscape,scenery,scene,view,Each year,we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the,_,.,They stood gazing the happy,_,of children playing in the park.,Our house has a,_,of the park.,The,_,seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.,scenery,scene,view,landscape,19/45,migrant，immigrant，emigrant,这组词都有,“移居,者,，迁移,人,”,意思，其区分是：,migra,nt,通常指大批短期或定时移居,人，候鸟,。,immigra,nt,指自他国移入，长久定居,人,。,emigra,nt,指自本国移出，长久定居在外,人,。,migra,te,im,migra,te,em,igra,te,20/45,1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can_it to fit you.,A.alter B.convert C.change D.modify,2.Great _ have taken place since he left.,A.alters B.converts C.changes D.transforms,3.He used to be a Christian,but he is now_ to Buddhism.,A.converted B.changed C.transformed D.reformed,4.Prices that _ with the quality.,A.shift B.vary C.convert D.alter,5.The wind has _ from north to south.,A.shifted B.converted C.altered D.transformed,6.Many military factories have been _ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.,A.altered B.varied C.shifted D.transformed,7.The inventor _ his original design in order to increase the machines effiency.,A.exchanged B.converted C.modified D.cultivated,change，modify，convert，shift，transform，vary，alter，,21/45,change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.,modify 修改,变更,较正式,惯用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大改变,convert 使转变,改变,普通只表示事物外表及用途等方面发生次要改变,而不是本质上巨大改变,也可用于改变某人政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其它词所没有,shift 指位置或方向移动,改变,transform 指外形或面貌改变,彻底改变性格,性质等,vary 改变,不一样,有区分,改变,alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一个事物,change，modify，convert，shift，transform，vary，alter，,22/45,1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can_it to fit you.,A.alter B.convert C.change D.modify,2.Great _ have taken place since he left.,A.alters B.converts C.changes D.transforms,3.He used to be a Christian,but he is now_ to Buddhism.,A.converted B.changed C.transformed D.reformed,4.Prices that _ with the quality.,A.shift B.vary C.convert D.alter,5.The wind has _ from north to south.,A.shifted B.converted C.altered D.transformed,6.Many military factories have been _ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.,A.altered B.varied C.shifted D.transformed,7.The inventor _ his original design in order to increase the machines effiency.,A.exchanged B.converted C.modified D.cultivated,A,C,A,B,A,D,C,alter，change，convert，modify，shift，transform，vary,23/45,perplex,embarrass,puzzle,bewilder,confuse,puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不了解或处理不了。,Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.,淹没宝藏下落令探险家们大惑不解。,bewilder v.使迷惑，使茫然，强调非常迷惑，通常表现为心理和智力紊乱，语气最重。,He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.,他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。,perplex v.除迷惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，难于作出决定，无从下手。,The new tax laws perplex me.,新税收法律使我很费解。,confuse v.普通用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混同而使人产生迷乱。,He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.,他发错了汇报，因为他把它们同另外一些汇报混同在一起了。,embarrass v.使窘迫，使迷惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱意味。,Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her new hairstyle in front of others.,她男友在他人面前嘲笑她新发型，使她感到难堪。,24/45,national budget,stock,share,treasury bill,m,onetary,f,und,loan,foreign exchange fluctuation,gold reserve,stock exchange,broker,commission,国家预算,股票,国库券,货币基金,贷款,外汇波动,黄金贮备,股票交易所,经纪人,佣金,25/45,spell,If the irrigation plan goes ahead,it could,spell,disaster for the birds.,假如该浇灌计划继续话，这对鸟类可能预示着灾难。,Vt.,预示,(通常不好结果),They say she died after a witch cast a,spell,on her.,人们说一个女巫对她施了魔后她就死了。,n.,咒语,There has been a long,spell,of dry weather.,干旱天气已连续很长一段时间了。,n.,(某种天气或活动),短暂发生期,spell out,讲清楚,under a spell,被迷住；被符咒镇住,dry spell,干旱期；干期,26/45,still,I,still,dream of home.,David had been dancing about like a child,but suddenly he stood,still,.,The night air was very,still,.,There are,still,s from the James Bond movie series,adv.依然,adv.静止不动地,adj.静止,n.电影剧照,vi.静止；平静；蒸馏,27/45,subject,名词和形容词读作 sbdkt。动词读作sbdkt。,n.,vt.,subject,someone to something,adj.,be subject to,subject to,Prices may be subject to,fluctuation,.,主题；科目；语 主语；国民,使隶属；使屈从于,使服从于；使遭受,服从；易患；受制于,(可能)受影响,取决于,价格可能会受,波动,影响。,28/45,witchcraft:巫术、妖法,The queen had some knowledge of,witchcraft,and she knew how to poison an apple,so that whoever ate it would fall dead,witch;sorceress,wizard;sorcerer,-craft,eg.handicraft;aircraft,表示“工作、技艺或业务”,29/45,Words Review,damp,Damp gunpowder will not fire.,潮湿火药不会起火。,assault,The army assaulted the castle on all sides.,军队从四面八方向城堡发起突击,tamper,I dont want to be accused of tampering with the evidence.,我不想被指控篡改证据。,chorus,Possibly Beethovens greatest work,almost everyone knows the Ode to Joy chorus of the final movement.,这可能是贝多芬最伟大作品，几乎全部些人都知道末乐章欢乐颂大合唱,confine,Her illness confined her to bed.,她病使她整天躺在床上。,contamination,However,contamination can occur at any point along the food chain,from field to table.,然而，污染沿着食物链可能在任何点上发生，从田地到餐桌。,30/45,immune,In people with healthy immune systems,these symptoms do not last more than about a week.,在含有健康免疫系统人身上，这些症状连续不会超出一个星期。,bound,The newly emerging forces are bound to defeat what is corrupt and degenerate.,新生力量必定战胜腐朽力量。,film,With this instant film the picture develops in only one minute.,用这种快速胶卷，照片仅用一分钟就会显影。,modify,We had to slightly modify the original design.,我们不得不对原来设计稍加修改。,isolated,The metaphysical world outlook sees things as isolated,static and one-sided.,形而上学宇宙观用孤立、静止和片面观点去看世界。,resurgence,A major significant failure of the resurgence of market-oriented policies was a failure to reform the monetary system.,以市场为导向经济政策复苏一个主要大失败就是货币体系改革失败。,31/45,undergo,The city has undergone many changes during the last ten years.,这个城市在过去十年中经历了很多改变。,suppress,The rebellion against the government has been suppressed by the government troops.,反政府叛乱已被政府军平定了。,landscape,When shooting a landscape,however,you usually want everything to be in focus.,但当你拍摄风景时候，你还是希望一切都在镜头当中。,explosive,The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply of oxygen.,火箭中爆炸性混合物由燃料和氧气组成。,consent,At approximately 11:30 p.m.,Pollard finally gave his consent to the search.,大约晚上11:30时候，波拉德终于对搜查给予同意。,evolve,Birds are widely believed to have evolved from dinosaurs.,鸟类普遍被认为是从恐龙进化而来。,32/45,33/45,Rachel Carson and her work,34/45,Introduction to Rachel Carson,(1907-1964),She grew up on a small Pennsylvania farm,went to the Pennsylvania College,majored in zoology,and then went to John Hopkins for a masters degree in genetics.,Publications:,Under the Sea-Wind,The Sea Around Us,The Edge of the Sea,Silent Spring,In the wake of,Silent Spring,she was attacked personally and as a scientist by many.,While she was working on,Silent Spring,she learned she had breast cancer.She died two years after,Silent Spring,was published,at age 56.,35/45,Report on Silent Spring(1962),The,$300,000,000 pesticides industry,has been highly irritated by a quiet woman author whose previous works on science have been praised for the,beauty and precision,of the writing.,In her latest work,however,Miss Carson is not so gentle.,More pointed than poetic,she argues that the widespread use of pesticides is dangerously tilting the so-called balance of nature.Pesticides poison,not only pests,she says,but also humans,wildlife,the soil,food and water.,NY Times 15apr64,36/45,Significance of the Book,It roused,a new public awareness,that nature was vulnerable to human intervention.,Conservation,had never raised much broad public interest,for few people really worried about the disappearance of wilderness.But the threats she had,outlinedthe contamination of the food chain,cancer,genetic damage,the deaths of entire species,were too frightening to ignore.,For the first time,the need to regulate industry in order to protect the environment became widely accepted,and,environmentalism,was born.,37/45,Text Analysis,Out of his ignorance and lack of concern for the integrity of nature,man is tampering with nature by,abusing chemicals,causing irrecoverable harms on environment and people.,Theme of the story,38/45,Part 1(,paras.12),about:,Part 2(,paras.),about:,Part 3(,paras.),about:,Part 4(,paras.),about:,Part 5(paras.)about:,Text Analysis,Structure of the text,35,6 9,1023,beauty and harmony enjoyed by both nature and all its life,evil spell,transitional paragraphs,directing readers attention to the very cause of the nationwide disaster a white powder,the chemical,explanation of how the ecological disasters were created,2425,proper solution to the disasters,39/45,Evil Spell,In Para.3,4,5,Question:,What is the evil spell?,Spell is a bewitched state,a state completely captured by magic power.,Mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens;cattle and sheep sickened and died;birds trembled and could not fly;fish died in the streams.,People were infected with new diseases with several sudden and unexplained deaths.,Vegetation withered and got browned.,No life was on the road,in the stream;silence lay over the fields,the woods and marsh.,40/45,Question:,Why did Carson call mans tampering with nature a war against nature?,A war involves the killing of hundreds of thousands of peoplethe“bad people or good people”with their invented weapons.,Insects,birds,plants,fish,even“pests”are all part of nature.By creating and using chemical“weapons”,man killed every insect the”good”or“bad”,stilled the song of birds and the leaping of fish,coated the leaves with a deadly film,and ruined the soil.The whole ecology of nature was upset.,41/45,Question:,Why did Carson say the chemical war is never won?,Chemicals kill indiscriminately,reduce biodiversity and contaminate the entire environment.They cannot solve the pest problem,for pests can adapt to the chemicals and evolve into super races immune to chemicals,and they can undergo a“flare-back”.The vicious circle will never end until man is killed along with other lives.,42/45,Question:,In Carsons opinion,what led to the insect problem?,Nature had built-in checks and balances to hold the varieties of species within bounds.Mans tampering with nature disturbed the balances.,Insect problems arose with the intensification of agriculturethe devotion of immense acreage to a single crop and the spreading of thousands of different kinds of organisms from their native homes.,43/45,Question:,What should we do to solve pest problems?,We should try to have the basic knowledge of animal population and their relations to their surroundings to promote an even balance,control the power of outbreaks of insects and reduce new invasions rather than seeking new technology to suppress this plant or that animal.,44/45,Question:,What is Carsons contention?,Nature is an integral nature.We should promote our knowledge of relation of chemicals and ecology.Before we use chemicals,we should know clearly about their effect on environment and people and make reasonable use of them.,45/45,
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