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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,第1页,非谓语动词是语法填空必考考点，每年高考最少有,1,道题。不但如此，掌握非谓语动词基本使用方法，对增强书面表示文采和提升阅读了解能力都有显著作用。,首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词语法功效,(,在句中充当何种成份,),：,考点解密,第2页,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,动名词,不定式,分词,现在，我们简明回顾其主要考点：,第3页,考点,1,：作主语,表示普通、泛指或习惯性行为用,-ing,形式；表示详细、一次性或未来动作用不定式。,考点,2,：作表语,(1),动名词和不定式作表语说明主语详细内容。,(2),分词作表语则说明主语性质，像,puzzling,surprising,exciting,等,-ing,分词表示“令人,(,事物,)”,；像,puzzled,surprised,excited,等,-ed,分词表示“,(,人,),感到,”。,第4页,考点,3,：作宾语,(1),有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。,如,refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend,等。,(,类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上,),(2),有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。,如：,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest,等。,(,类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上,),(3),在表示“需要”,need,want,和,require,等后用,-ing,形式主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式被动式。,第5页,(4),在,forget,remember,regret,mean,try,等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差异较大。,(5),在介词之后用动名词作宾语。,注意,to,是介词短语，如,be/get used to,be accustomed to(,习惯于,),contribute to,devote oneself to/be devoted to,get down to,look forward to,等。,(6),含介词固定句式：,prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing,阻止,做,第6页,spend/waste time or money in doing,在做,方面花费,/,浪费时间或金钱,have some difficulty/trouble in doing,在做,方面有些困难,have a hard time in doing sth.,做某事很艰难,there is no sense in doing,做,是没有理由,/,道理,(7),介词后普通只能接动名词，但在表示“除,外”介词,but,和,except,后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词,do,时，不定式不带,to,；前面没有行为动词,do,时，要带,to,。,第7页,考点,4,：作宾补,当宾语与作宾补动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式,(,未来或全过程,),或,-ing,形式,(,正在进行或一直处于某种状态,),；当宾语与作宾补动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用,-ed,形式。另外，请注意复习以下,6,点：,(1),在,ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind,等动词后，用带,to,不定式作宾补。,(2),在,help,后作宾补不定式带不带,to,均可。,第8页,(3),在,make,let,have,等使役动词和,feel,smell,hear,see,watch,等感官动词后，普通用不带,to,不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上,to,。,(4),在,with,宾语后，若用,-ed,形式，表示宾语与,-ed,形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用,-ing,形式，表示宾语与,-ing,形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作连续进行。,第9页,(5)get sb.to do sth.=have sb.do sth.,使某人做某事,(,主动、未来,);get/havedoing,使,处于某一状态中,(,主动、连续,);getdone=have sth.done,请人做,/,遭受,(,被动,),。,(6)make oneself,后惯用,understood,heard,seen,known,等作宾补，表示让他人明白自己意思,/,让自己讲话被他人听到,/,让自己被他人看到,/,让自己被他人认识。,第10页,考点,5,：作状语,(1),在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时,，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用,-ing,形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用,-ed,形式。,(2),不定式作状语,只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应动词、形容词,(,如,glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted),之后，表示原因。,(3),不定式表结果，,其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到或令人不快，前面常加,only,；也还用于,tooto,enough to,so/suchas to,等固定结构中。,-ing,形式表示结果，是伴随谓语动词发生而产生自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词动作是因果关系。,第11页,(4),在作表语形容词后或者作宾补形容词后作状语，普通只用不定式。,(5),表示目标时只能用不定式，此时不定式能够放在句首。,(6),在“连词,(,如,when,while,if,though,等,)+,分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用,-ing,形式，是被动关系时用,-ed,形式。,第12页,考点,6,：作定语,(1),动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰名词之后，表示一个未来动作，多用来修饰,have,、,there be,、,with,之后名词，表示“有,要,”,；或修饰“,the+,序数词”。,(2),分词作定语：被修饰名词与分词是主动关系，用,-ing,形式，是被动关系时用,-ed,形式。,第13页,考点,7,：特殊句式,Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?,何不做某事呢？,had better(not)do sth.,最好,(,不,),做某事,would rather(not)do sth.,宁愿,(,不,),做某事,would do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B=prefer doing A to doing B,宁做,A,事不做,B,事,第14页,考点,8,：独立结构,(1)-ing,形式独立成份：,judging by/from(,依据,判断,),generally speaking(,普通说来,),，,strictly speaking(,严格说来,),frankly speaking(,坦率地说,),等。,(2),不定式独立结构：,to tell you the truth(,和你说实话吧,),to make things worse(,情况更糟是,),等。,(3),用作介词或连词,considering(,考虑到，就,而言,),和,given(,考虑到,),后接名词或,that,从句。,第15页,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已经有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成份，初定作该成份应是哪一个或几个非谓语动词形式；最终再依据非谓语动词各自特点和使用方法，同时看谓语动词有没有尤其要求，再结合与逻辑主语关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,第16页,另外，在确定用,-ing,形式还是用,-ed,形式，用,to do,还是用,to be done,时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定。那么，怎样找出非谓语动词逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成份相关，详见下表：,充当句,子成份,宾语,表语,状语,定语,宾补,逻辑,主语,句子主语,所修饰词,句子宾语,第17页,例,1the proverb,“plucking up a crop,32,(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.,实例剖析,思绪分析：因句中已经有谓语,is based,，而“,plucking up a crop,32,(help)it grow”,是,the proverb,同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，所以，,help,应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”目标，作目标状语，用动词不定式，故填,to help,。,第18页,例,2While she was getting me _,34,_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,思绪分析：因句中已经有谓语,was getting,，所以,settle,应是非谓语动词；又由,settle sb.into/in/on(,使某人舒适地处于某处,),可知，,me,与,settle,是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填,settled,。,第19页,考点击破,第20页,非谓语动词,一、考点分析,非谓语动词在语法填空中，每年必考，且每年一个小题，但四年来，只包括到非谓语动词两种使用方法。,第21页,1.,作状语。,He spit it out,37,(say)it was awful.,解析,因句中已经有谓语,spit,，此处又没有连词，,say,不是并列谓语，而是非谓语动词；又因,he,与,say,是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。,saying,第22页,2.,作宾补。,Finally,I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me,34,(settle)into a tiny but clean room,解析,由,settle sb.into/in/on(,使某人舒适地处于某处,),可知，,me,与,settle,是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。又如：,A nurse settled the old man into a chair.,护士让那位老人舒舒适服地坐在椅子上。,settled,第23页,温馨提醒,:,即使只考查了非谓语动词作,状语和作宾语补足语,，但复习时，非谓语动词作,定语,、作主语和作宾语也不可忽略。,第24页,二、真题演练,用所给词适当形式填空。,1.She wished that he was as easy,32,(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.,1.to please,句中已经有谓语,was easy,，,please,应为非谓语动词；因在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填,to please,。,to please,第25页,2.For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop,32,(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.,2.to help,作目标状语，用动词不定式。,to help,第26页,3.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _(discover).,3.to be discovered,。,动词,wait,后习惯上接不定式；另外，,actors,与,discover,之间为被动关系，即“等着被发觉”，故选不定式被动式。,to be discovered,第27页,4.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.,4.to find,。,be astonished,后要接不定式表示原因。,to find,第28页,5.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _(buy)presents for my dad.,5.to buy,。“,给父亲买礼品”是“从银行拿钱出来”目标，作目标状语，用动词不定式。,to buy,第29页,6.His first book _(publish)next month is based on a true story.,6.to be published,。,依据句中,next month,可知是将出版，故要用不定式；又因为,book,与,publish,之间为被动关系，故要用不定式被动式。,to be published,第30页,7.I have a lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.,7.to complete,。,表示有事要做，用“,have+,宾语,+,不定式”结构，其中不定式用作定语，修饰其前名词。,to complete,第31页,8.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _ first is the library.,8.to be repaired,。,表示首先要修理那座建筑物，即表示未来，用动词不定式；又,the one,与,repair,是被动关系，故用不定式被动式。,to be repaired,第32页,9._(approach)the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.,9.Approaching,。,因,we,与,approach,是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。,Approaching,第33页,10.In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant _(deal)with.,10.to deal,。,在形容词,easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,等后作状语，用动词不定式，且习惯上要用主动形式表示被动含义。,to deal,第34页,11.That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce)the overuse of water in students bathrooms.,11.to reduce,。,不定式在此用作定语，修饰,the only way,。其实，,the only way,还有两个定语，一个是,we can imagine,，另一个是,to reduce the overuse of water,。,to reduce,第35页,12.I had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.,12.finding,。,have difficulty(in)doing sth,为固定句式，其意为“做某事有困难”。,finding,第36页,13.Im calling to enquire about the position _(advertise)in yesterdays,China Daily,.,13.advertised,。,因为,position(,职位,),与,advertise(,登广告,),之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。,advertised,第37页,14.So far nobody has claimed the money _(discover)in the library.,14.discovered,。,因为,money,与,discover,之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发觉，故用过去分词作定语。,discovered,第38页,15.Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize)in the medical circles.,15.recognized,。,考查“,get+,宾语,+,过去分词”结构。其中“宾语”与其后“过去分词”之间为被动关系。,recognized,第39页,16.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow)from the library.,16.borrowed,。,因,maps,与,borrow,之间为被动关系；再依据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。,borrowed,第40页,17.Though _(surprise)to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.,17.surprised,。,因,the professor,与,surprise,是被动关系，故用“连词,+,过去分词”作状语。,surprised,第41页,18._(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,18.Seen,。,因为,the south foot,与,see,之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。,Seen,第42页,19.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _(lay)for a meal to be cooked.,19.laid,。,短语,lay a table,意思是“摆桌子”，因句中,table,与动词,lay,之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。,laid,第43页,20.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _(carry)out regularly,can improve our health.,20.carried,。,因为,exercise(,锻炼,),与,carry out(,进行，执行,),之间为被动关系，故用“连词,+,过去分词”作状语，,if carried out regularly,相当于,if it is carried out regularly,。,carried,第44页,21.A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practice the piano.,21.questioned,。,因为,students,与,question(,提问，问询,),之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。,questioned,第45页,22.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse)with her stories.,22.amused,。,意思是,Lucy,让他同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用,-ed,形式作宾补,(,相当于形容词作宾补,),，故填,amused,。,amused,第46页,23.He had a wonderful childhood,_(travel)with his mother to all corners of the world.,23.traveling,。,因,he,与,travel,是主动关系，故用现在分词短语,traveling with his mother,作状语，表示原因。,traveling,第47页,24._(look)at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.,24.Looking,。,因,I,与,look,是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。,Looking,第48页,25.Listen!Do you hear someone _(call)for help?,25.calling,。,由,listen,可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人在做某事”，用,hear sb doing sth,句型。,calling,第49页,26.It rained heavily in the south,_(cause)serious flooding in several provinces.,26.causing,。,“引发严重水灾”是“下大雨”自然结果，作结果状语，用现在分词作状语。,causing,与,which caused,相当。,causing,第50页,27.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,27.weighing,。,因,young children,与,weigh,是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语,under,和现在分词短语,weighing,一起作定语，修饰,young children,。,weighing,第51页,28.Almost,33,(freeze),the old man could not get off the ground.,28.frozen,。,因句子主语,the old man,与,freeze(,冻僵,),是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。,frozen,第52页,29.A pick-up truck passed us on the road and,a few minutes later,I saw it,33,(pull)back and the driver looking directly at us.,29.pulling,。,因,it,与,pull,在这是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，即,see sb./sth.doing sth.,句型。,pulling,第53页,30.It was a presidential talk,33,(deliver)at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.,30.delivered,。,过去分词作后置定语。,delivered,第54页,习题,第55页,一、单句填空：,用括号中所给动词适当形式填空。,1.,_(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(,全国,),2.,Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _(argue)with him.(,上海,),3.,Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(,辽宁,),4.,Can I smoke here?,Sorry.We dont allow _(smoke)here.(,江苏,),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,第56页,5.,It is difficult to imagine his _,(accept)the decision without any consideration.(,陕西,),6.,I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)talking while she works.(,北京,),7.,As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).(,陕西,),8.,Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _(live)alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.(,湖南,),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,第57页,9.,Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _(not take)his advice!(,安徽,),10.,If you think that treating a woman well means always _(get)her permission for things,think again.(,湖南,),11.,At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _(open and close)could be heard outside the classroom.(,全国,),12.,They are quiet,arent they?,Yes.They are accustomed to _(not talk)at meals.(,江苏,),not taking,getting,being opened and closed,not talking,第58页,13.,Isnt it time you got down to _,(mark)the papers?(,重庆,),14.,Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set)up some schools for poor children.(,上海,),15.,She looks forward every spring to _(walk)in the flower-lined garden.(,上海,),16.,Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _(pass)the exam.(,福建,),marking,setting,walking,passing,第59页,17.,According to a recent U.S.survey,children spend up to 25 hours a week _(watch)TV.(,上海,),18.,I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _(happen)again.(,全国,),19.,Did you have trouble in_(find)the post office?(,全国,),20.,Sandy could do nothing but _(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.(,上海,),watching,happening,finding,admit,第60页,21.,I smell something _(burn)in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(,全国,),22.,Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.(,天津,),23.,It was so cold that they kept the fire _(burn)all night.(,全国,),24.,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.(,全国,),burning,running,burning,carried out,第61页,25.,To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak)as much as we can.(,江苏,),26.,He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest)in his lectures.(,江苏,),27.,Energy drinks are not allowed _,(make)in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(,上海,),28.,My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(,北京,),spoken,interested,to be made,to take,第62页,29.,My parents have always made me _,(feel)good about myself,even when I was twelve.(,江苏,),30.,They knew her very well.They had seen her _(grow)up from childhood.(,全国,),31.,The mother felt herself _(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(,上海,),32.,Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.(,全国,),feel,grow,grow,to learn,第63页,33.,Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.,Sorry.With so much work _(fill)my mind,I almost break down.(,福建,),34.,John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.(,安徽,),35.,With a lot of difficult problems _(set),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(,上海,),36.,The director had her assistant _,(pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.(,全国,),filling,finished,to settle,pick,第64页,37.,Did Peter fix the computer himself?,He had it _(fix),because he doesnt know much about computers.(,安徽,),38.,Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _(improve)in a short period.(,福建,),39.,Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of the music.(,广西,),40.,Peter received a letter just now _,(say)his grandma would come to see him soon.(,四川,),fixed,improved,heard,saying,第65页,41.,As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.(,湖南,),42.,_(walk)in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.(,安徽,),43.,_(wait)in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(,福建,),44.,_(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.(,福建,),moving,Walking,Having waited,Blamed,第66页,45.,He hurried to the booking office only _(tell)that all the tickets had been sold out.(,陕西,),46.,European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.(,全国,),47.,You were silly not _(lock)your car.(,湖南,),48.,I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).(,宁夏,),to be told,making,to have locked,to breathe,第67页,49.,_(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(,湖南,),50.,When _(ask)why he went there,he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(,江西,),51.,The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)every day.(,四川,),52.,When _(compare)different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(,浙江,),To complete,asked,watered,comparing,第68页,53.,The last one _(arrive)pays the meal.,Agree!(,全国,),54.,Th
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