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<p>单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子写作应对策略,第二讲：增加修饰成份,1/24,一、简单修饰成份,形容词、副词,The relative importance of talent and training is a topic of discussion.,The relative importance of natural talent and training is a,frequent,topic of discussion.,Teachers complain about this problem.,Teachers,continually,complain about this problem.,翻译练习：,全部孩子能够被教而取得技能。,All children can be taught to acquire skills.,全部孩子能够被,有效地,教而取得,不一样,技能。,All children can,effectively,be taught to acquire,different,skills.,2/24,总体而言，我认为,保持一个对于生活清楚看法,（keep clear perspectives in life）能力是取得幸福一个原因。,Overall,I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a factor in achieving happiness.,总体而言，我认为保持一个对于生活清楚看法能力是取得幸福一个,愈加基本,原因。,Overall,I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a,more essential,factor in achieving happiness.,3/24,介词短语,A child can acquire these skills.,A child can acquire these skills,with continued teaching and guided practice,.,翻译练习：,不过这并不意味着人就不能够高兴。,But this does not mean that people cannot be happy.,不过这并不意味着,没有这些条件,人就不能够高兴。,But this does not mean that people,without these conditions,cannot be happy.,4/24,二、相对复杂修饰成份：非谓语动词,动词不定式作定语,Overall,I think an ability,to keep clear perspectives in life,is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.,People is the most fundamental aspect,to form the society.,翻译练习：,互联网是,传输信息,（convey information）,经济路径。,The Internet is an economic way,to convey information,.,现在，伴随电脑广泛使用，许多成年人感到,学习电脑知识,迫切需要,（the pressing needs）。,Nowadays,with the wide application of computers,many adults feel the pressing needs,to acquire computer knowledge,.,5/24,动词不定式作状语,我们政府应采取,更强硬办法,（stronger and harsher measures）,来对付,乱丢垃圾,（littering）行为,。,Our government should take stronger and harsher measures,to combat the littering behaviour,.,不但为了我们，也为了,后代,（future generations），政府和普通市民应该,携手并肩,（make concerted efforts）,营造一个更为清洁环境。,Governments and ordinary people should make concerted efforts,to create a cleaner environment not only for us,but also for our future generations.,要成为一个身心健康人，,均衡生活,（a balanced life）是必要。,To be a physically and psychologically healthy person,one should lead a balanced life.,6/24,现在分词作定语,反对方持有,令人信服,证据来支持他们立场。,The critics have,convincing,evidence to support their position.,青少年,不停恶化,健康情况已经引发公众关注。,The,worsening,health condition of youths has been brought into public focus.,媒体有时发出,误导性和坑骗性,信息。,The media sometimes give,misguiding and cheating,messages.,太多游客,涌入旅游景点,对文物保护组成,潜在威胁,（potential risks）。,Too many tourists,flooding the tourist attractions,pose potential risks to the preservation of cultural relics.,人们极难就,正在讨论,含有争议话题,达成一致,（reach an absolute consensus on）。,People can rarely reach an absolute consensus on the controversial issue,being discussed,.,7/24,现在分词作状语,By visiting museums,we can not only learn about our history and civilization,but gradually cultivate a sense of social responsibility,which normally stems from a clear understanding of mankinds history.,翻译练习,考虑全部这些原因之后，,我们能够得出结论，,义务兵役制,（compulsory military service）完全不能够接收。,Taking into account all the factors,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that compulsory military service is totally unacceptable.,汽车,发出,震耳欲聋,（deafening）噪音，释放出有毒气体，,严重影响人们健康。,Making deafening noises and emitting toxic gases,cars are affecting human life adversely.,8/24,过去分词作定语,依据,新,颁布,（issue）,要求，许多行人被处罚。,Many pedestrians are penalized according to the,newly issued,regulations.,学生不良行为似乎成了一个,不停扩大,问题。,Poor students behaviour seems to be an,increasingly widespread,problem.,过去分词作状语,假如要我选择话，我将基于以下几点理由毫不犹豫地选择后者观点。,If asked to make a choice,I would not hesitate to side with the latter view.,因为被网络上过分色情与暴力深深影响，有些青少年误入歧途。,Deeply influenced by excessive pornography and violence on the Internet,some teenagers go astray.,9/24,三、最复杂修饰成份：从句（定语、状语从句）,修饰某个句子成份：,Students,who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places,have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.,I think this is less likely,today,when academic qualification are essential for getting a reasonable career,.,修饰从句：,A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know,what it is,that makes him or her happy,.,修饰整个句子：,They tend to be more independent,which is a very important factor in academic study and research,.,区分：,The solution to the problem of poor student behaviour lies with,the families,who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children,.,10/24,翻译练习：,今天，,我们考虑人类心理（human psychology）和精神发展（mental development）,方式很大程度上受基因科学（genetic sciences）影响。,Today the way,we consider human psychology and mental development,is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences.,不可否定，,通常以搜集有艺术和历史价值物体自夸（boast）,博物馆在统计一个国家历史中饰演了主要角色。,Undoubtedly,the museum,which usually boasts a collection of objects of artistic and historical value,plays a vital role in recording a countrys history.,那些,支持义务兵役制,人持有以下理由。,Those people,who support compulsory military service,have the following reasons.,11/24,均衡食物摄入量、食物多样性和主动生活方式就是,使人不会肥胖（overweight）,要素。,Balanced food intake,food diversity and active lifestyle are the only things,that will prevent people from getting overweight.,那些,回家做全职太太,妇女往往感到沮丧（depressed）、孤独和失落（frustrated）。,Those women,who retreat to complete domesticity,tend to feel depressed,isolated and frustrated.,动物园是个理想研究中心，,在那里科学家们能够在动物身上做试验，找出一些疾病原因并研制出新疗法（cure）。,The zoo is an ideal research center,where scientists can conduct experiments on animals to discover the causes of some diseases and develop new cures.,12/24,许多国家大力投资旅游业,原因是因为旅游业带来大量外汇同时又向世界展示本国璀璨历史和文化。,The reason,why many countries invest heavily in tourism,is that tourism can bring a lot of foreign currency and showcase the brilliant culture and history to the outside world.,高科技行业比较接收跳槽（Job-hopping），,这个行业比其它行业改变快多了。,Job-hopping is more accepted in the high-tech world,where things change more rapidly,than in other industries.,机器人被使用于许多领域，,这造成了下岗人员（laid-offs）激增。,Robots are employed in many fields,which leads to the sharp increase of laid-offs.,13/24,1、表时间状语从句,After/When he had finished his homework,he watched TV.,Each time arrives a day for festive glee,I think all the more of friends,close to me.,翻译练习,自从10年前西式快餐进入中国后,，我们,饮食结构,（dietary structure）发生了巨大改变。,Our dietary structure has undergone drastic changes,since western fast food was introduced into china a decade ago,.,当仔细比较了在家工作优点与缺点之后,，最有力结论就,不言自明,（self-evident）。,When the pros and cons of telecommuting are carefully compared,the most striking conclusion is self-evident.,14/24,2、表示地点状语从句,用where,anywhere,everywhere,wherever引导。,We will go,where we are needed,.,翻译练习,在空气污染严重地方,，许多人患有,支气管炎,（bronchitis）和,哮喘,（asthma）等,呼吸道疾病,（respiratory diseases）。,Many people suffer from respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma,where air pollution is serious.,人们喜欢,在能充分发挥他们才华地方,工作。,People prefer to work,where they can fully display their talents.,15/24,3、表原因状语从句,because语气最强，,He is beloved of all,because he is honest,.,since比because轻，比as重，,He didnt come,since he was busy,.,as语气最弱，惯用于句首，用于口语。,As I am ill,I wont go.,翻译练习,幸福极难定义，,因为它对于不一样人而言意义不一样,。,Happiness is very difficult to define,because it means so many different things to different people,.,政府应该给予这类家长支持于资金资助，,因为这不但只是单个家庭问题，而且是整个社会问题,。,The government should fund this kind of parental support,because this is no longer a problem for individual families,but for society as a whole.,16/24,旅游业可能造成冲突，,因为游客往往对当地语言和文化知之甚少,。,Tourism may give rise to conflicts,because tourists usually do not know much about the local language and culture.,远程教育另小孩以为孤独,因为他们缺乏与,同伴,（peers）,面对面交流,（face-to-face contact）,。,Tele-education makes children feel isolated,because they lack face-to-face contact with peers.,因为学生处于成熟期,，做兼职员作可能令他们接触到一些,社会丑恶现象,（social ills），不能辨明是非，轻易误入歧途。,Since students are in their formative years,part-time jobs may expose them to social ills at an age when they cannot differentiate virtue from evil and easily go astray.,17/24,4、表目标状语从句,Some supplies of water must be treated,so that they can be used,.,Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children,lest they should set them a bad example.,翻译练习,应该制订更严厉法律法规,来降低,青少年犯罪,（delinquency）率。,Stringent laws and regulations should be constituted,so that the rate of delinquency will be lowed.,教育学生和公众,使他们明白,野生动植物,（wild life）保护必要性,是很主要。,It is important to educate students and the public,so that they will understand the necessity for wild life preservation.,18/24,5、表程度结果状语从句,Laziness travels,so,slowly,that poverty soon over takes him,.,翻译练习,教育费用快速增加，,不少大学生不得不经过兼职来减轻父母,经济负担,（financial strain）,。,The cost of education is rising,so,rapidly,that college students have to take up a part-time job to relieve their parents financial strain.,英语使用得太广泛了，,以至于对,土著语言,（aboriginal languages）组成潜在威胁。,English is used,so,widely,that it poses potential risks to the aboriginal languages.,19/24,6、表条件状语从句,惯用if,suppose,supposing,provided(that),providing(that),on condition(that),in case(that),as long as,assuming(that),given(that),when等来引导，否定条件副词从句惯用unless（if not）引导,So long as the heart is still beating and the blood hot,one should raise his head to be a real man-an upright man.,Harvard will be my first choice,provided that my tuition is waived.,Only the time when mountain loses its peak,and river its water;when there are thunders in winter,and snow in summer;when the heaven and the earth combines into one,could I separate with you.,Given that she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.,20/24,翻译练习,假如我们希望看到一直鼓舞着在这里生活和工作人民传统能够延续下去话,，保护、发扬和公开支持民族艺术和文化中丰富多样,遗产,（heritage）是必要。,It is imperative that our national rich and diverse heritage in the arts and culture be preserved,enhanced and publicly supported,if we are to see the continuation of a tradition that has inspired people living and working here,.,假如一个人只学实践知识,，他将落后于社会。不过,假如他能够掌握研究方法,，他就能够用先进技术不停,更新,（refresh）自己。,If one learnt nothing except practical skills,he would also fall behind the society.But,if one could master the method of research,he would be able to refresh himself continuously with advanced technology.,21/24,7、表让步副词从句,让步副词从句惯用although,though,no matter+wh-词,wh-词+ever,even though,even if,now that,notwithstanding that,as,considering that,much as,while,whereas,if等引导,Learn,whatever it may be,whenever you can,and wherever you will.,Whatever it takes,for you,I will fetch the moon.,He will not reveal the secret,though he knows it.,He would not reveal the secret,even though he knew it,.,While forbidden fruit is said to taste sweeter,it usually spoils faster.,22/24,翻译练习,尽管互联网技术被广泛利用于课堂教学,，不过传统教学作用是不可替换。,Although the Internet technology has found its wide application in classroom teaching,the role of traditional teaching can not be replaced.,即使科学技术进步给我们带来很多好处,，但同时也在某种程度上对人类生活带来负面影响。,Though scientific and technological advancement has brought us many benefits,it also produces negative effects on human life to some extent.,尽管研究者一直依赖动物试验数据取得医学进步,，不过我们应该采取其它研究方法，因为在动物身上做试验很残忍、,不人道,（inhumane）且经常是无须要。,Although researchers have depended on animal test data to achieve medical advances,there should be other means of research because testing on animals is cruel,inhumane and often unnecessary.,23/24,8、表百分比副词从句,The higher you climb up the mountain of knowledge,the more splendid the scenery spreads before you.,也能够有成反百分比百分比句：,The more he reads,the less he understands.,主句主语是代词不用倒装，主句主语是名词经常倒装：,Knowledge is like the spring water under ground-,the deeper you dig,the clearer is the water,.,翻译练习,他们花在国际新闻上时间越多，,用在其它基础学科上时间就越少，而基础学科才是他们学习重点。,The more time they spend on international news,the less time is available for other basic subjects,which should be their priorities.,互动,（interaction）越多，,沟通与了解层次越高。,The more interaction,the higher level of communication and understanding.,24/24,</p>
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