从新批评到结构主义诗学市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,從新批評到結構主義詩學,新批評種種分析方法,意象：,顏元叔 分析,長恨歌,以梨花一枝春帶雨概括,長恨歌,李英豪分析方莘,膜拜,：,黄昏天空，龐大莫名笑靨啊,在奔跑着紅髮雀斑頑童屋頂上,被踢起來月亮,是一隻剛吃光鳳梨罐頭,鏘然作響。（方莘）,在黝黑、赤裸樹上，發霉雪膏普通,月，死了普通掛着，腐敗了未茁長葉芽（弗林脫：“,Eau Forte”,）,赤色月俯在樹籬上,像一位紅臉膛農夫,星星，,有白色臉像鎮上孩子們。（休姆：,秋。借用方思譯文,）,1/13,李英豪、顏元叔評論方法,李英豪：意象是一首詩基本構成。,羅威爾,(Amy Lowell),：意象是欲於一瞬間把知與情複合體呈現出來。,龐德,(Ezra Pound),：所謂意象，就是在熔融狀態下觀念之漩渦或凝聚，且帶有能動力。,凝密、堅實、濃縮、雄偉、深沉,顏元叔：定向叠景、用典,(,白居易？辛笛？,),、積極意義、跨行,(run on lines),葉維廉：,：裂帛之下午披帶著,.,李英豪：語法、詞性、語言動向、詩本身結構戲劇性動向、相反相成、相尅相生、濃淡、矛盾渾成一致。,阿倫泰特,(Allen Tate),：張力,(tension),是外延力,(extension),和內涵力,(intension),完整有機結合。,呂恰慈：詩組合了雜繁相異元素,(heterogeneous elements),。,思索問題：港台六、七,O,年代新批評有沒有當時內在需要？,2/13,葉慈詩,航向拜占庭,Sailing to Byzantium by W.B.Yeats,1.,That is no country for old men.The young,In one anothers arms,birds in the trees,-Those dying generations at their song,The salmon-falls,the mackerel-crowded seas,Fish,flesh,or fowl,commend all summer long,Whatever is begotten,born,and dies.,Caught in that sensual music all neglect,Monuments of unaging intellect.,2.,An aged man is but a paltry thing,A tattered coat upon a stick,unless,Soul clap its hands and sing,and louder sing,For every tatter in its mortal dress,Nor is there singing school but studying,Monuments of its own magnificence;,And therefore I have sailed the seas and come,To the holy city of Byzantium.,3.,O sages standing in Gods holy fire,As in the gold mosaic of a wall,Come from the holy fire,perne in a gyre,And be the singing-masters of my soul.,Consume my heart away;sick with desire,And fastened to a dying animal,It knows not what it is;and gather me,Into the artifice of eternity.,4.,Once out of nature I shall never take,My bodily form from any natural thing,But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make,Of hammered gold and gold enameling,To keep a drowsy Emperor awake;,Or set upon a golden bough to sing,To lords and ladies of Byzantium,Of what is past,or passing,or to come.,3/13,4/13,葉嘉瑩：,談中國舊詩傳統,駁顏元叔談,自君之出矣,：思君如明燭，中宵空自煎。,5/13,結構主義,來源,索諸爾,Ferdinand de Saussure,普通語言學教課程,(,論稿,),語言體系,語言系統,(langue),；言語活動,(parole),俄國形式主義,普拉普,(Vladimir Propp),神仙故事有三十一種功效,(function),雅克慎,(,雅各布信,(Roman Jakobson)：,文學性,(literariness),俄國形式主義談陌生化,(defamiliarization),主將,李維史陀,(Claude Levi-Strauss):人類學家,羅蘭巴特,Roland Barthes):文學評論、符號學,6/13,高友工、梅祖麟論唐詩：,唐詩語法、用字與意象,唐詩隱喻與典故,雅克慎,(Roman Jakobson),：,詩歌中對等,(equivalence),原理,詩歌中最主要特征：,選擇,與,連結,7/13,選擇：,連結：,小孩、孩子、兒童、細蚊仔、老人精、小不點、寶貝,小孩,不笨,小孩,要睡覺了,小孩,人細鬼大,小孩,子不能吸煙,小孩,子胃口大,孩子,是我們未來主人,試以梨花一枝春帶雨演繹？,詩歌功效在於把對等原理從,選擇,層面投射到,結合,層面去,8/13,聲韻用字層次,頭韻、雙聲、疊韻、對仗、對比,隱喻關係：對等原理用到語意層面：,李白送友人,浮雲遊子意,落日故人情,杜甫,江漢思歸客,乾坤一腐儒,杜甫,落日心猶壯,秋風病欲蘇,9/13,對等原理用到詩行結構,李白,靜夜思,床前明月光，疑是地上霜,舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉,李白,玉階怨,：,玉階生白露,夜久侵羅襪,卻下水晶簾,玲瓏望秋月,參看程抱一論文,10/13,風景,(,其二,),林亨泰,防風林,外邊 還有,防風林,外邊 還有,防風林,外邊 還有,然而海 以及波羅列,然而海 以及波羅列,11/13,When You Are Old,W.B.Yeats,When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire,take down this book,And slowly read,and dream of the soft look,Your eyes had once,and of their shadows deep;,How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face;,And bending down beside the glowing bars,Murmur,a little sadly,how Love fled,And paced upon the mountains overhead,And hid his face amid a crowd of stars,12/13,一個尋常雨天,坐在圖書館窗前讀書,翻開書頁上有些人說詩,是施諸日常言語上,一種有組織暴力行為,雨這就落下來，我抬頭看見,它把現實染成濡濕，雨緩急和疏密,叫我看見風在撫引，羣樹,柔順地呼應，溢出,日常韻律,是在這四壁圖書之間,曾有過猛烈地震,全部書都動搖了,有些人尖叫起來,悸動心突然注視抖索世界,洶湧熱情搖晃牆壁叫人回答它,當鉛筆掉落地上,輕脆紙張飄散,顫慄人尋找依靠懷抱,現在有些樹已落盡葉子了,當我思慮過多,胃部隱隱絞痛時候,我繼續翻閱俄國形式主義者,對詩看法，用一枝新削鉛筆,在紙上寫字，或是走出圖書館,一九八零年一月,獨自在吃午飯，我把帽子翻起來,默默行走在濡濕路上,林木間淤積沙堆上有清淺流水,折斷枝椏和落葉貼在柏油路邊緣,點點棕色可疑果子,浮浮沉沉傷痕,展示雨始末,在路上走得久了,雙手和臉孔變得冰凉,走過去年辦公室,現在不知誰在裏面,他們在把大門敞開，也沒有掛畫,它又變回一個尋常房間,灰色濔漫，遠山都隱去了,偶然一聲自行車鈴響,滑過發亮地面,一件鮮黃雨衣，點破,缄默，然後又是灰色路,我沿着行人道旁紅綫,前行，那慣見紅綫,在雨中發出刺目标亮光,13/13,