21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册unit2.pptx

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,The Titanic Puzzle,21st Century College English:Book 3,Unit 2:Part A,1/99,Language Points,The Titanic Puzzle,Should a good feminist accept priority seating on a lifeboat?,By Charles Krauthammer,1,Youre on the,Titanic II,.It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking.And,as last time,there are not enough lifeboats.The captain shouts,“,Women and children first!,”,But this time,another voice is heard:,“,Why women?,”,2/99,Language Points,2,Why,indeed?Part of the charm of the successful movie,Titanic,are,the period costumes,the period extravagance,and the period prejudices,.An audience can enjoy these,at a distance,.Oddly,however,of all the period attitudes in the film,the old maritime tradition of,“,women and children first,”,enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences.Listen to the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with or ahead of the ladies.,3/99,Language Points,3,But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism,?,Should not any self-respecting modern person,let alone feminist,object to it as insulting to women?,4,Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912.Consider these examples taken almost,at random,from recent newspapers:,5,“,The invaders gunned down the Indians,most of them women and children.,”,6,“,As many as 200,civilians,most of them women and children,were killed.,”,4/99,Language Points,7,“,At the,massacre,in Ahmici 103 Muslims,including 33 women and children,were killed.,”,8,At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations,how can one not,wince,when adult women are routinely classed with children?In Ahmici,it seems,70 adult men were killed.And how many adult women?Not clear.When things get serious,when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink,youll find them with the children.,5/99,Language Points,9,Children are entitled to special consideration,for two reasons:helplessness and,innocence,.They have not yet acquired either the,faculty,of reason or the wisdom of experience.Consequently,they are defenseless(incapable of fending for themselves)and blameless(incapable of real,sin,).Thats why we grant them special protection.In an emergency,it is our duty to save them first because they,helpless,have put their lives in our hands.And in wartime,they are supposed to be protected by special,immunity,because they can have,threatened,or offended no one.,6/99,Language Points,10,The phrase,“,women and children,”,attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds,.Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by male privilege.,Given,the disabilities,attached to,womanhood in 1912,it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboat seats were being handed out,.That deference a somewhat more urgent,variation,on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at the time.,7/99,Language Points,11,But in our era of extensive social restructuring to grant women equality in education,in employment,in government,in athletics,what entitles women to the privileges and reduces them to the status of children?,12,Evolutionary psychologists might say that,ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species,:Women are indispensable child-bearers.You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men,but not if the men survive and only a few of the women.,Women being more precious,biologically speaking,than men,evolution has conditioned us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future:kids,.,8/99,Language Points,13,The problem with this kind of logic,however,is its,depressing,reductionism.Its like a serious version of the geneticists old joke that a chicken is just an eggs way of making another egg.But humans are more than just egg-layers.,And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies,.So why do we say,“,women and children,”,?,14,Perhaps its really,“,women for children.,”,The most basic parental bond is maternal.,Equal parenting is great,but women,from breast to cradle to reassuring hug,can nurture in ways that men cannot,.And thus,because we value children,women should go second.The children need them.,9/99,Language Points,15,But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far,.What if there are no children on board?You are on the,Titanic III,and this time its a singles cruise.No kids,no parents.Now:Iceberg!Lifeboats!Action!,16,Heres my,scenario,.The men,out of,sheer,irrational heroism,should let the women go first.And the women,out of sheer feminist self-respect,should refuse.,17,Result?,Stalemate,.How does this movie end?How should it end?Hurry,the ships going down.,10/99,Paraphrase,?,Key,Suppose you find yourself in a similar situation to that of the Titanic.,More to learn,Youre on the,Titanic II,.,11/99,At 2:20 AM on April 15,1912,the Titanic,then the worlds largest and most luxurious ocean liner,disappeared into the icy depths,of the North Atlantic.With her,she took the lives of some 1,500,men,women,and children,more casualties than in any,other marine disaster in,peacetime history.Many movies,were shot about this event,but the one that came out in 1998 was the biggest hit.,Text-related information,the Titanic II,12/99,the period costumes,the period extravagance,and the period prejudices,Paraphrasing,?,Key,the costumes,the extravagance,and the prejudices of that time in history,More to learn,13/99,the,period,costumes,the,period,extravagance,and the,period,prejudices,Examples,period,furniture,a,period,cottage,period,a.,typical of an earlier time in history,either dating from that time or deliberately made in the style of that time 过去某段时期,14/99,at,/,from,a,distance,from a place that is not very close;a long time after sth.happened,Examples,It,s,wise to stay,at a distance,from the cobras,(眼镜蛇).,Some people are more respectable if admired,from a distance,.,Remembering the disaster,at a distance,I now feel sure that it was not his fault.,15/99,But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism?,不过，将妇女和儿童归为一类做法莫非不是一个与时代既不相当行为吗？,16/99,let alone,(to indicate that a particular situation is even less likely or possible)not to mention;without considering,Examples,I was too tired to walk,let alone,running.,There wasnt enough room for us,let alone,three dogs and two cats.,More to learn,Should not any self-respecting modern person,let alone,feminist,object to it as insulting to women?,17/99,Should not any self-respecting modern person,let alone,feminist,object to,it as insulting to women?,object to,oppose;be against,Examples,The embassy,objects to,their requests to take refuge there.,Professor Hawking,objects to,being treated like someone special.,18/99,at random,:without method or conscious choice,Examples,His clothes were scattered about the room,at random,.,The specimens to be analyzed were taken,at random,.,Cf.,random,:a.usu attrib done,chosen,etc.without method or conscious choice,His,random,walk led him to a beautiful view of the town.,He chose an apple,randomly,.,19/99,civilian,:a person who is not a member of the armed forces 平民；百姓,Examples,The officer told all,civilians,to leave the area.,Several innocent,civilians,were killed by the bombs.,Cf.,citizen,:a person who lives in a particular city or town,esp one who has certain voting or other rights in that place 居民；市民,national,:a person,esp someone abroad,who belongs to another usu stated country 国民,subject,:a person who owes loyalty to a certain country or royal ruler 国民，子民，臣民,20/99,usage,n,.,the way sth.is used;the way words are used in a language,Note:,Usage,is different from,use,in that it often implies the degree to which something is used or the way in which it is used.,Examples,The manual describes the proper,usage,of the appliance.,The expression has come into common,usage,.,the environmental effects of energy,usage,Sports equipment is designed to withstand hard,usage,.,21/99,Examples,Those soldiers are responsible for several,massacres,of defenseless villagers.,More to learn,massacre,:C the killing of large numbers,usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly,without caring about their death 大屠杀（尤其屠杀无防卫能力人群）,22/99,Cf.,killing,:U the acting of killing people or animals.,slaughter,:U the killing of animals usu for food;the killing of one or more people in a bloody,cruel,or thoughtless way(残杀),carnage,:U(esp poet&emph)slaughter 屠杀,More to learn,massacre,:C the killing of large numbers,usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly,without caring about their death 大屠杀（尤其屠杀无防卫能力人群）,23/99,Cf.,butchery,:U cruel and unnecessary killing,esp of human beings 残杀；屠杀,murder,:C the unlawful killing of a person,esp on purpose 谋杀，凶杀,massacre,:C the killing of large numbers,usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly,without caring about their death 大屠杀（尤其屠杀无防卫能力人群）,24/99,wince,vi.,suddenly and briefly show pain in ones facial expression(因疼痛、惊吓等)本能地退缩，畏缩；皱眉蹙眼,Examples,David,winced,when the dentist touched his sore tooth.,It makes me,wince,even thinking about eye operation.,Cf.,frown,:(at sb/sth)bring the eyebrows together,so wrinkling the skin on ones forehead(to express anger,thought,worry,etc)皱眉，蹙额,Peter,frowned at,the noise coming from the boys bedroom.,My parents always,frown on,late nights out.,(disapprove of),25/99,wince,vi.,suddenly and briefly show pain in ones facial expression,(因疼痛、惊吓等)本能地退缩，畏缩；皱眉蹙眼,26/99,Children,are entitled to,special consideration,Examples,You,are entitled to,high praise for handling this difficult situation successfully all alone.,I,m,entitled to,know how my own money is being spent.,be entitled to(do)sth.,be given the right to have or do(sth.),27/99,faculty,n.,1.any of the powers of the body or mind;a particular ability for doing sth.,才能；能力；天赋,2.all the teachers and workers of a university or college,(高等院校)全体教师及职员,Examples,Even at the age of 100,she still had all her,faculties,.,Mary has a remarkable,faculty,for adding large numbers in her head.,Jane is a member of the,faculty,at the local university,.,More to learn,28/99,faculty,n.,1.any of the powers of the body or mind;a particular ability for doing sth.,才能；能力；天赋,Cf.,ability,:(esp of mind)the power,knowledge,etc needed(to do sth),aptitude,:(for,in)natural ability or skill,esp in learning 天资,capability,:ability,practical power 才能，能力,facility,:ability to do or perform sth easily 才能,More to learn,29/99,faculty,n.,2.all the teachers and workers of a university or college,(高等院校)全体教师及职员,Cf.,staff,:the group of workers who carry on a job to do the work of an organization,personnel,:the people employed by a company,the armed forces,etc.,work force,:the people working in a place,crew,:all the people working on a ship,plane,etc.,30/99,innocent,n.,1)(of)not guilty 无罪，无辜;2)knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真,Examples,I am,innocent of,the crime.,In these wars,countless,innocent,people lost their lives.,Dont be so,innocent,as to believe everything he says.,More to learn,31/99,innocent,n.,1)(of)not guilty 无罪，无辜;2)knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真，无知,Cf.,Nave,:1)having or showing no experience(as of social rules or behavior),esp because one is young 缺乏经验；幼稚；无知;2)believing what anyone says or what is most favorable 天真,The young boy was laughed at for his,nave,remarks.,It is,nave,of you to believe hell do what he says.,32/99,sin,n.,1)U evil as understood in a religion(宗教上)罪孽;2)C an evil act,esp as understood in a religion 罪过,Example,These people say that the city is a place full of,sin,and you must leave it.,In some religions it is a,sin,to eat the meat of pigs and drink alcohol.,More to learn,33/99,sin,n.,1)U evil as understood in a religion(宗教上)罪孽;2)C an evil act,esp as understood in a religion 罪过,Cf.,evil,:C evil great wickedness or misfortune 邪恶，罪恶,mischief,:U bad,but not seriously bad,behavior or actions,as of children,probably causing trouble and possibly damage or harm 顽皮，调皮，恶作剧,vice,:wickedness of character 堕落；a serious fault of character;a bad habit,34/99,consequently,ad,.(usu fml),because of this,as a result;therefore;in consequence,Examples,They cannot not do the work;,consequently,we must find another company.,The documents were not ready.Consequently we could not sign them.,More to learn,35/99,immunity,n.,1.protection or freedom(from sth.),受保护；豁免(权),2.ability to resist infection,disease,etc.,免疫力,Examples,He was told that he would be granted,immunity from,prosecution(,起诉,)if he confessed the names of the other spies.,diplomatic,immunity,(外交豁免权),Most people have no,immunity against,that virus.,36/99,threaten,vt.,1.make a threat against(sb.),威胁，恐吓,2.give a warning(of sth.bad),预示，眼看就要来了,Examples,They,threatened,their son with punishment.,The gangster,(歹徒),threatened,to burn down the store unless the owner paid extortion,(敲诈),money.,The dark clouds,threaten,a storm.,When danger,threatens,we must all take care.,37/99,The phrase,“,women and children,”,attributes to women the same,dependence and moral simplicity,we find in five-year-olds.,Paraphrase,?,Key:,By classing women with children,we think that women are as helpless and innocent as little kids.,More to learn,dependence and moral simplicity,another way of saying“helplessness and innocence”,38/99,attribute,(a quality,feature,etc.),to,sb./sth.,say or think that sb./sth.has got(that quality,feature,etc.),Examples,He tends to,attribute,mean motives,to,other people.,I wouldnt dream of,attributing,such a lack of judgment,to,you.,The phrase,“,women and children,”,attributes to,women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds.,39/99,given,prep.,considering,考虑到,a.,1.,要求，特定；,2.,假设；已知,Examples,Given,their inexperience,theyve done a good job.,Given,(the fact)that she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.,The work must be done within the,given,time.,under a,given,condition,The,given,radius(,半径,)being 4 ft.,find the circumference(,周长,).,More to learn,40/99,given,used as a preposition,The word,given,can be used as a preposition followed by a noun phrase or noun clause.If you say given something or given that something is true,you mean what is mentioned is considered or is taken into account.,In formal English,given,the chance,given the opportunity,etc.mean if one has the chance,the opportunity,etc.,Examples,Given,his age,he is a remarkable fast runner.,Im sure teaching is the right career for her,given,(the fact)that she is interested in children.,She could have done just as well as you have,given,the chance.,Given,imagination,anything is possible.,More to learn,41/99,given,More to learn,Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English,using,given,clauses appropriately.,(,Ex.VIII,p.208),1._(鉴于政府在失业问题上统计),their chances of winning the election look poor.,2._(鉴于儿童不能自立，不能自卫),adults are responsible for granting them special protection.,Given the gov