新二册复习(1-20课).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,新二册复习(1-20课),过去进行时 L1,A young man and a young woman,were sitting,behind me.,过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在发生的一个动作。,一般过去时和过去进行时的基本差别是,一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作，,过去进行时表示过去一个正在进行的动作。,She wrote a letter yesterday.(已经写完),She was writing a letter.(可能还没有写完),过去进行时还可以用在状语从句中，引导时间状语从句的连词有,when,as，while,just as,等。When,as 和while 都可以表示“当.时候”，有时候可以替换，但是也有区别。,while,引导的从句只能用延续性的动词,（过进）,;,when,引导,的从句延续性动词，瞬间性动词都可以,（过进或一过）,；如果表示恰恰在这时，用,as,或,just as,.,While I was talking with my teacher,I heard the telephone ringing.,I dropped my shoes as I was getting on the bus.,一般现在时 L2,I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.,sometimes 这样的副词的位置。,until 在肯定句子，动词应该是可以延续的动词。,一般现在时 L2,概念：,经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。,时间状语：,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,every week(day,year,month),once a week,on Sundays(=every Sunday),等,基本结构：,be动词；,I am a student,否定形式：,am/is/are+not;,I am not a student,一般疑问句：,把be动词放于句首；,行为动词,I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.It seldom snows here.I never get up early on Sundays.,否定形式：,此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。,一般疑问句：,用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。,Do you always get up so late?,现在进行时 L2,1.,概念,：,表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。,2.,时间状语,：,now,at this time.look.listen,，等,3.,基本结构,：,be+doing,4.,否定形式,：,be+not+doing.,5.,一般疑问句,：,把be动词放于句首。,6.现在进行时特殊疑问句,e.g.How are you feeling today?,7.,时间状语，如：,today,this week,this month,this year,at this moment,now等。,如：,He is writing a novel now.,Its raining again.,I am coming to see you.,But Im still having breakfast.,What are you doing?,Im having breakfast.,I am coming to see you.,讲解：类似come,arrive,go，start 等单词,进行时态可以表达将来含义。,I am arriving soon.,现在进行时,有些动词通常不能用进行时。不能用进行时的动词有：,表示感觉或感情的词，如：,hear,see,smell,taste,feel,(感官动词）seem,notice,hate,love,like,want,wish,refuse,prefer,forgive,等。,表示存在或所属的词，如：,exist,stay,remain,have,own,contain,等。,表示认识或理解的词，如：,understand,know,remember,forget,believe,think,doubt,等。,感叹句 L2,What a day!,感叹句通常由what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦等感情。,what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：,How+形容词+a,/an,+名词+陈述语序,（主谓）,How+形容词或副词+陈述语序,（主谓）,Hes a rude person.,How rude a person he is!,The weathers terrible.,How terrible the weather is!,What+名词+陈述语序What+a,/an,+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序,转化为“what.”形式的感叹句,Its an awful mess.,What an awful mess it is.,Theyre beautiful pictures.,What beautiful pictures they are!,On the last day,I made a big decision.,-具体日期的、星期几、以及具体几月几日，节假日以及具体特指的哪一天用,on,；,只有月、年或者年月皆有的用in,-decide to do sth=make a decision,in:,表示一天中的某段时间：,in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份/年份：in March,in 1990表示季节：in spring/winterin+一段时间,和将来时连用,on:,表示星期：on Monday表示具体日期：on June 1st表示具体时间：on that day/that evening/on that night,at:,表示确切时间：at 10 oclock表示用餐时间：at lunch time/teatime表示其他时刻：at noon/night/midnight,at this time,during+一段时间,fromtill/to,一般过去时 L3,概念,：,过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。,时间状语,：,ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.,基本结构,：,be动词；行为动词,否定形式：,was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。,一般疑问句,：,was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。,It was Sunday.,Last Sunday I got up very late.,I looked out of the windows,It was dark outside.,Just then,the telephone rang.,动词双宾语 L3,A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian,直接宾语：a few words of Italian,间接宾语：me,可以带双宾语的动词,如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语的后面，间接宾语前面要加介词,“to”,（表示动作对什么人），或者加介词,for,(表示动作为什么人而做)。,常见的双宾动词有：,bring,buy,get,make,offer,pass,read,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,cook,leave,play,等等。,He bought me a book.,He bought a book for me.,Tom left me a message.,Tom left a message to me.,She cooked us a delicious meal.,She cooked a delicious meal for us.,Please pass me the salt.,Please pass the salt to me.,现在完成时 L4,I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim,just 的位置。,receive a letter from sb=,hear,from sb,现在完成时,基本用法：,1、表示过去存在的动作或状态一直延续到现在。,We have known each other for two years.,2、表示动作已经完成，但对现在仍有影响。,I have read that book.,构成：have/has+done,过去时：强调动作,现在,完成时：强调影响,I have lost my pen.表示现在没有钢笔可用,I lost my pen yesterday.不表示现在有没有钢笔用,Lesson 5,up to now,Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.,up to now=up till now,多数在现在完成时态中使用,in the way,挡道，,on the way,在路上,by the way,顺便说一下,in a way,在某种程度上,In this way，he has begun his own private“telephone”service,冠词 L 6,He calls at every house in the street once a month and always,asks for,a meal and a glass of beer.,call at+地点，,call on+somebody.,Once/twice/3(,+,)times,1不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要用冠词an,如果是辅音用a即可。2不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物，有时候也可以省略：,A cat is a lovely animal.Cat is a lovely animal,3,如果,特指,某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the,4,在姓名，城市，地名，过名，月份，节日，星期前不加冠词，季节前也一般不加，特指时加。,时间状语从句,L7,（1）当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句，表示将来的意义时，从句用一般现在时。,Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.,(2),when,引导的时间状语从句，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生；,before,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前；,after,则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后；,as,引导的时间状语从句时，强调并发生，不指先后。,（3）until/till 引导的时间状语从句,A.主句的谓语动词时延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。,Ill wait for you until/till you come to see me.,I will read the book until/till I finish it.,B.主句的谓语动词是,非,延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的动作直到,until,所表示的时间才发生。构成句式,not.until,有时不用not,而用其他如,never,nothing,等表否定的词。,I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.,（4）since 引导的时间状语从句，表示自.以来，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。,结构为：It has been.since+从句,/It is.since+从句。,I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.,It is ten years since I studied English.,能交换位置的短语动词 L 7,Two man took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Custom House.,take the parcel off=take off the parcel,形容词的比较级与最高级,单音节词的比较级最高级：,直接加-er,-est:,small-smaller,smallest,以e结尾的加-r,-st:,large-larger,largest,以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er,-est:,busy-busier,busiest,比较级和最高级 L 8,重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er,-est：,big-bigger,biggest,多音节词及,部分,双音节词：,more/less,most/lest,-,more important-the most important,slowly/quickly/early?,不规则变化：,good/bad/many/little/far(farther/further),注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,过去将来时 L 9,It would strike in twenty minutes time,in 表示过了多久后。,【构成】由助动词“,would+动词原形,”构成,Whenever we had trouble,he would come to help us,.,由“,was/were going to+动词原形,”构成。如:No one knew when he was going to come.,被动语态 L 10,It is being repaired by,a friend of my fathers.,1.首先这是一个被动语态，这是什么时态呢？,2.双重所有格,a friend of my fathers.,双重属格与of属格的不同，如：,A.He is a friend of your husbands.,他是你丈夫的一个朋友,。（强调你丈夫的朋友不止一个）,B.He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（,强调他对你丈夫的友好,),可以从下边的情景对话中体会这种差别：,-Who told you that?,谁告诉你的？,-A friend of your fathers.,你父亲的一个朋友说的。,-,If he says such things,he is not a friend of my father.,如果他说这样的话，他就不是我父亲的朋友。,“动词+宾语+不定式to do”结构 L 11,I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.,不定式做宾语补足语。,一般将来时 L 12,He,will take part in,an important race across the Atlantic,will+do=表示将要做什么.,take part in:参加,区分,join 加入团体、组织,attend 参加会议，上课,be going to结构的用法,be+副词词组：be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on,将来进行时,L 13,They,will be arriving,here tomorrow.,它和一般将来时态差不多，不过是强调：将来的一个时间，正在做什么。,结构：will be doing sth,Wo,rker,s club,P62,名词所有格：,如果名词是以S结尾的人名，可以加,S,也可以直接加,，如：Keats work,名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的,1 时间：todays,new centurys,2 国家，城市名词：the countrys,the citys,3 机构组织：the stations waiting room,the universitys library,4 车，船，用具:the cars wheel,5,时间：in twenty minutes time,过去完成时L14,After I had left,a small village in the south,I drove on to the next town.,过去完成时,:,是过去的过去。,构成：had+done,用法：表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作或存在的状态。,By the time he was twenty,he had already written five novels.,过去完成时的标志,By then 直到那时,By the end of 直到结束,By the time 直到时候,Up till then 到那时,Up until last night 直到昨天晚上,As soon as,I got into the car ,I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.,as soon as 的用法相当于：hardly.when/no soonerthan,the moment that./on doing something.,Apart from,a few words,I dont know any French at all.,Apart from/except for 可以放在句首,except 不包括,Besides 而且（包括）,Your article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.,He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries,讲解：afford 的用法：可以接钱也可以接物，还有afford to do,如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：,时态变化：,一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时/现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时,be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might,时间地点及指示词的变化：,herethere,tomorrowthe next day,the following day,thisthat,人称变化：,一随主二随宾第三人称不更新,。,直接/间接引语 L 15,If引导的真实条件句 L 16,You,will,enjoy your stay here,if you,pay attention to o,ur street signs,1.真实条件句，主语是将来时态，从句是一般现在时态。（主将从现）,2.第二人称you可以表示“任何人”的意思,形式主语 L 17,1.,It must be terrible to be,grown up,！,It is+adj.(for sb)to do sth,2.must 与 have to,eg:I must leave now.,We must go to school.,(must常表示不可逃避的义务，这种义务在说话人看来是没有余地的),It is getting dark,I have to leave.,(have to常表示客观条件决定的，别无选择),My dog had taken it into the garden.,had+done过去完成时,宾语从句中（尤其是间接引语中）,例句：He told me that he had finished college study.（间接引语）,I was told that iphone,6s,had been sold out.,过去完成时 L18,用在状语从句中,例句：I went home,as soon as,the concert had ended.,用在定语从句中,例句：He showed me a picture,which,he had taken last year.,和time这个词一起用,It was the first time that I had been visited here.这是我第一次来这儿玩。,can 与 may 比较 L 19,I hurried to the ticket office.May I have,two tickets please?I asked.,may（疑问词，起礼貌作用）,Could I have those two tickets please?,I asked.在这句里，could代替了can，这是比较委婉地提出请求的用法,在时间上和can没有区别。,(第二人称不能用may来表示“可以吗?”，,只用can）,I might as well have them,I said sadly.,还是好，不妨,may/might as well+动词原形,还是好(无可奈何)，不妨,（消极）,I might as well take the umbrella with me.,had better+v.原形,最好做(积极心态),介宾关系 L 20,I often,fish,for hours,without,catching,anything.,在这句话中，动名词catching作介词without的宾语（介宾）。,Without asking for money,the boy went to school.,After having spent,whole mornings on the river,I,always go home with an empty bag.,动名词 v.+ing,作为介词after的宾语，动词spend所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以动名词要用完成形式，即having spent。,动名词是动词的名词形式，在句中可做主语或宾语。,做主语 Fishing is my favorite sport.,肯定猜测 L 21,Over a hundred people,must have been driven,away from their homes by the noise,must+have done 是对过去事情的推测，猜测某事一定已经发生。这种情态动词表猜测的用法在19课也有提到。,情态动词,(注意情态动词表示推测的用法),绝对肯定的推测：,must do(对现在的推测)/,must have done（对过去的推测）,表示绝对否定的推测：,can,t do/can,t have done,e.g.You cant have stayed at home yesterday because it was Friday.,Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.,这句中must后接动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测。,如要表示“他一定会赢”，通常不说,He must win，可说,He is sure to win.,(He must win的意思是他必须要赢),must其后可接,进行式,或,完成进行式,，用以谈论一个正在进行的动作：,He,must be writing,a letter to his girl friend.,Someone,must have been,smoking here,2.情态动词must有时候表示命令或强制，用于否定句的mustnt表示说话人不许或禁止（某人做某事），意思是“一定不要”、“不能”，而不是“不必”。,You must do as you are told,对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用neednt，不用mustnt：,Must I come over tonight?,No,you neednt.,