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职称英語综合A真題
第壹部分：詞汇选项（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語画有底横线，請為每处画线部分确定1個意义最為靠近的选项。
1. Only people over 18 are (eligible) to vote.
A. honest
B. qualified
C. enabled
D. clever
2. The latest car model (embodies) the new research development.
A. lists
B. includes
C. borrows
D. broadens
3. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extreme cold.
A. severe
B. hard
C. warm
D. dry
4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly (withstand) the test of time.
A. grade
B. attract
C. bear
D. suffer
5. However a (shabby) thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.
A. old
B. big
C. new
D. small
6. The weather was so (gorgeous) that many people went outing.
A. uncontrollable
B. pleasant
C. cloudy
D. unbearable
7. Competitors must (abide) by the judge’s decision.
A. keep
B. read
C. understand
D. obey
8. The umbrella was (ingeniously) devised to fold up into the pocket.
A. seriously
B. cleverly
C. attentively
D. carefully
9. Some newspapers in the west are (notably) biased.
A. especially
B. wholly
C. totally
D. fairly
10. His answer were (obscure) and confusing.
A. unclear
B. obvious
C. clear
D. direct
11. The way she looked after her young sister was really (touching).
A. disturbing
B. connecting
C. moving
D. waving
12. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.
A. stable
B. suitable
C. changeable
D. adaptable
13. They have built canals to (irrigate) the desert.
A. decorate
B. change
C. visit
D. water
14. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).
A. outstanding
B. real
C. creative
D. false
15. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.
A. clothes
B. haircut
C. purse
D. necklace
第二部分：阅讀判断（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7個句子，請根据短文的内容對每個句子做出判断；假如该句提供的是對的信息，請选择A；假如该句提供的是錯误信息，請选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，請选择C。
Income Tax
For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out the dorm room and beginning to register one’s annual earnings with the US government.
That last item is the law, though sometimes it’s a hassle(难事) to obey.
Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system “amazingly complicated”. But he adds that “very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just being their careers”. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the system’s complications.
Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilbert’s.
According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents’ lead when filing their income tax forms.
“Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so,” said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.
“On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick ‘refund’ with the help of a tax advisor.”
In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxed and are entitled to the difference.
Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student，expects he will get a refund of about $100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.
Thalman called the whole process a “hassle”, but added that he didn’t want to test the law by not filing his income tax papers.
“I’m worried about what would happen if I failed to file,” he said.”I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and he’s now in federal prison. I certainly don’t want that”.
16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. It’s pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. When young people file their income tax forms, they will often follow in their parents’ footsteps.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Young people from poorer families needn’t file their income tax forms.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概况大意与完毕句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分）
下面的短文後有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26題规定從所給的6個选项中為第2~5段每段选择1個最佳选项標題；（2）第27~30題规定從所給的6個选项中為每個句子确定1個最佳选项。
Tunguska Event
1. A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped open the dawn sky above a forest of western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.
2. A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometres. The fireball was so great that a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.
3. Experts suspect it was a rock that, after travelling in space for millions of years was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17a.m. on June 30,1908. This possibility worries scientists. "Imagine an unspotted asteroid hitting a significant chunk of land... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, was populated," the British science journal Nature commented recently.
4. But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientist will have to decide whether to try to deflect it or blow it up in space.
5. However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang kundt, a professor at Germany’s Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane-rich gas from deep within the earth’s crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.
A. Unknown Attacks
B. Importance of Finding Evidence
C. Competing Explanation
D. Star War
E. Mysterious Explosion
F. Explanation that Worries Scientists
23. Paragraph 2 ____E___
24. Paragraph 3 ___F____
25. Paragraph 4 ___B____
26. Paragraph 5 ___C____
27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago ___C____.
28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light ___D____.
29. The hypothesis, that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth ___A___.
30. Wolfgang kundt, who has developed an alternative theory, ___E___.
A. lacks sufficient evidence
B. will kill many animals
C. has remained a puzzle
D. was generated by the explosion
E. is a university professor
F. are attacked by aliens
第四部分：阅讀理解（第30~45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文後有5道題。請根据短文内容，為每題确定1個最佳选项。
第壹篇：
Don’t Rely on Indirect Evidence
Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind.
The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York
Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees.“We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.
Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.
But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(歧途), says Plumptre.
He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary(禁猎区) in southwest Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.
This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate is the decay rate can severely affect the result.”
Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant’s natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions., he says. “If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(偷猎)outside.”
Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).
31. The word “threatened” in Paragraph 1 means________.
A. frightened
B. angered
C. killed
D. endangered
32. The way elephant numbers are estimated is________.
A. technical
B. theoretical
C. unhelpful
D. mistaken
33. Counting piles of elephant dung is not reliable because they differ in________.
A. size
B. shape
C. track location
D. decay rate
34. According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in a________.
A. nature range
B. small region
C. protected area
D. monitored place
35. In making an animal census study, Plumptre advises researchers not to rely on________.
A. monitoring techniques
B. electrical devices
C. aeroplanes
D. indirect evidence
第二篇：
Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destruct
Scientists have long understood that supermassive (超大质量的) black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole’s gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台) in Meudon, France1, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake(薄饼) shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star—it will be completely destroyed,” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates(使消失) the star, it saves some of the star’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling(旋转) into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.
36. What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?
A. The star would veer away from the black hole.
B. The black hole would reduce its own size considerably.
C. The flattening process would reduce the star’s density.
D. The black hole would rip the star apart.
37. According to Paragraph 3, researchers differed in the likelihood of generating________.
A. star density
B. nuclear explosion
C. shock waves
D. the uneven forces
38. According to Paragraph 4, the new simulations favored________.
A. the creation of a new star
B. the formation of a new black hole
C. a nuclear explosion
D. the enlargement of the star
39. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?
A. The star’s matter will move further away from by the black hole.
B. The torn star’s matter will swirl into the black hole.
C. The black hole’s matter will heat up.
D. The black hole’s matter will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays.
40. The word “disruption” in Paragraph 6 means________.
A. tearing apart
B. eruption
C. interruption
D. flattening
第三篇：
Sports Star Yao Ming
If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.
But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.
When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first inte
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