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*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Cloning,Book 8 Unit 2,第1页,晨背佳作 积累素材,话题词汇,1.invention,n,.,创造,2.progress,n,.,进步,3.digital,adj,.,数字,4.breakthrough,n,.,突破,5.technical,adj,.,技术,6.automatic,adj,.,自动,7.make a study of,研究,8.shop online,网上购物,9.surf the Internet,网上冲浪,10.browse the web page,浏览网页,第2页,话题佳作,当前，科技发展如此之快已超出了我们想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进技术之一。针对这一技术，有些人支持，有些人反对。假设你是李华，你笔友,Mike,来信问询你对克隆看法，请依据下面表格，给他写一封回信。,第3页,支持,反对,你看法？,1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)；,2.帮助不能生育人拥有孩子；,3.帮助想克隆自己逝世亲人人。,1.对人生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一；,2.在动物界创造出更多疾病；,3.使地球人口激增。,第4页,佳作观赏,Dear Mike,，,Glad to receive your letter.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.But different people have different opinions.,Some people are,in favor of,it,，,thinking the technology is benefi-cial,.,Firstly,，,it can be used to produce organs to cure diseases like cancer.,Secondly,，,it can help those,who can,t have a baby but want one,.,Bes-ides,，,it can help those,wanting to clone their dead relatives,.,第5页,However,，,a few people,object to,it.They believe cloning,shows no respect for,human life,，,and human life would no longer be unique.M-ore seriously,，,it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earth,s population to increase fast.,In my opinion,，,although the technique is of benefit,，,cloning hu-mans should be cautious.,Yours,，,Li Hua,第6页,名师点睛,本文第一段提出话题，第二段说明克隆优点，第三段是克隆缺点，第四段是表述作者自己观点。中间两段关键点齐全，表示清楚明确，使用短语、句型准确。最终一段是作者自己观点，观点明确，不含糊，给出了自己令人信服理由。文章中使用了现在分词作状语和定语、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等复杂句式。文中一些高级词汇也给短文增加了不少亮点，如：,in favor of,，,beneficial,，,object to,，,show no respect for,，,be of benefit,等。同时，,firstly,，,secondly,，,besides,等使用使作者在列举观点时条理清楚，自然流畅。,第7页,基础排查 点拨关键点,语篇训练 提升能力,内容索引,教材升华综合利用,第8页,基础排查点拨关键点,第9页,A,.,写作必记单词,1.differ,v,i,.,不一样；相异,(1)The story he told the police,(,和,不一样,)the one he,told his mother.,(2)They differ,size but not,kind.,这些东西区分只是大小不一样而实质一样。,重点单词,1,differed from,in,in,第10页,2.exact,adj,.,准确；准确,(1)not exactly,不确切；不完全；不全对；,(,口语,),决不,(2)Scientists are still,not exactly,sure how genes influence aging,，,but,they believe that they do.,科学家们依然不是很清楚基因是怎样影响衰老，但他们相信基因确实对衰老有影响。,(,四川,),第11页,3.object,v,i,.,反对；不赞成,(1),n,.,不赞成；反对；异议,(2)object,反对,(3)He has a strong objection,early.,他极力反对早动身。,4.,v,t,.,取得；赢得,objection,to,to leaving,obtain,第12页,5.owe,v,t,.,欠,(,账、钱、人情等,),；归功于,(1)owe.,.,欠,；把,归功于,应向某人道歉,(2)The harbour survived the storm,the arms of the bay.,因为海湾保护，海港躲过了暴风雨。,(3)He helped you a lot.You owe,to him to invite him to dinner.(,填代词,),to,owe sb.an apology,owing to,it,第13页,6.retire,v,i,.,退休；离开,(1),n,.,退休；离开,(2)Leroy Chiao,54,，,an American,(retire)astronaut after four,flights,，,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.(,湖北,),retirement,retired,第14页,7.bother,v,t,.,打搅,v,i,.,操心,n,.,烦扰,(1)bother sb.,sth.,为某事打搅或麻烦某人,have much bother,sth.,费劲,/,麻烦做某事,(2)Don,t bother,(get)dinner for me.,with/about,(in)doing,to get/getting,第15页,表示,“,费神做某事,”,，其后可接不定式或动名词作宾语。有时还可在,bother,后加反身代词。,使用方法点拨,第16页,8.strike,v,i,.&,v,t,.,打；撞击；罢工,n,.,罢工,(1),(strike)by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit,，,they decided to visit the small old town again.,(2),strikes me that you are not serious about it.(,填代词,),(3)Staff at the hospital,(,举行罢工,)in protest at the inc-,idents.,(4)A good idea struck me yesterday.(,同义句转换,),I,a good idea yesterday.,Struck,It,went on strike,struck on,第17页,9.resist,v,t,.,抵抗；反抗,(1)The child resisted,(carry)off.,(2)There is still much resistance,carrying out this plan.(,填介词,),10.reasonable,adj,.,合情理；讲道理；公道,(1)reason sb.,doing sth.,说,服某人做,/,不做某事,(2)The reason,he didn,t come was,he was ill.(,填连接词,),(3)This is the reason,he gave me for being late.(,填连接词,),being carried,to,into/out of,why,that,that,第18页,B.,阅读识记单词,11.undertake,v,t,.,undertake,.,答应做,12.breakthrough,n,.,13.procedure,n,.,process,n,.,v,t,.,14.altogether,ad,v,.,15.conservative,adj,.,着手；从事；负担,to do,突破,程序；步骤；手续,过程；进行；方法；步骤；程序,加工；处理,总共；完全地,保守；守旧,第19页,16.forbid,v,t,.,My father forbade me to watch TV.(,同义句转换,),My father forbade,TV.,My father forbade,TV.,17.accumulate,v,t,.&,v,i,.,accumulation,n,.,pulsory,adj,.,禁止；不准,my watching,me from watching,积累；聚积,积累；累积；堆积物,必须做；义务；强迫；强制,第20页,19.assumption,n,.,(1),(assume)that it is true,，,what should we do now?,(2),(,普遍认为,)that stress is caused by too much,work.,(3)The project was predicated,the economy,was expanding.,这一计划是以经济发展构想为依据。,assuming,conj,.,假如，假设，引导条件状语从句。,使用方法点拨,假定；构想,Assuming,It is generally assumed,on the assumption that,第21页,20.regulation,n,.,regular,adj,.,21.initial,adj,.,initially,ad,v,.,22.vain,adj,.,vain,白费劲气；枉费神机,23.drawback,n,.,24.decoration,n,.,decorate,v,.,规则；规章；法规,有规律；规则；定时；经常,最初；开始,开始；最初,虚荣；自负；徒劳,in,缺点；不利条件,装饰,装饰,第22页,25.adore,v,t,.,He adores,to parties.,他喜欢参加各种聚会。,adore,后接动词时用动名词形式。,使用方法点拨,崇敬；喜爱；喜爱,going,第23页,1.,得到好结果；取得成功；偿清,This work is starting to,pay off,.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38%in to 5.4%in.,工作取得了成功，成年秃鹰年死亡率从,年,38%,下降到,年,5.4%,。,(,北京,),2.,使失望；使沮丧,She,much,at the moment.,她当初非常沮丧。,高频短语,2,pay off,cast down,was,cast down,第24页,3.,赞成；支持,对某人有利,帮某人一个忙,4.,一定或注定,(,做,),5.,使,刻骨铭心,6.,不时；偶然,7.,使复生；使复活,8.,情况很好,(,坏,),；情况很好,(,坏,),in favour of,in ones favour,do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.,(be)bound to(do).,strike.into ones heart,from time to time,bring back to life,in good/poor condition,第25页,1.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants,.,当园艺师从生长着植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时，它,(,克隆,),就发生了。,2.Then came the disturbing news,.,接着传来了令人烦恼消息,多莉得了重病。,经典句式,3,to make new ones,that Dolly had become seriously ill,第26页,3.,if corrections,made in their research proced-,ure?,假如改进研究程序，问题会不会处理呢？,4.However,，,scientists still wonder,and,.,然而，科学家们依然想知道克隆技术是会帮助我们还是伤害我们，以及它将把我们引向何处。,Could it be solved,were,whether cloning will help or harm us,where it is leading us,第27页,5.The advantage is,some of these animals,may die,，,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that,disease to the next generation.,其优点是假如产生一个新疾病，这类动物中一些可能会死掉，,不过另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。,that if there is a new illness,第28页,教材升华综合利用,第29页,.,教材与语法填空,Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of 1.,animal or plant.2.,has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.,_,(value)for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However,，,the process of cloning is difficult 4.,(undertake).,another,It,valuable,to undertake,第30页,The first successful clone,，,Dolly the sheep,5.,(make)the whole scientific world follow its process,，,though it had 6.,(many)problems than the normal sheep.But on the other hand,，,Dolly,s 7.,(appear)raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.,the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.9.,，,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.,it is leading us.,made,more,appearance,on,However,where,第31页,.,教材与短文改错,The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers.And they are not the only one.The popularity of the film,Jurassic,Park,proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaurs.In fact,，,we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals.,has,ones,interested,which,kinds,a,第32页,From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth,，,can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately,，,based on what we know now,，,it is possible.So dinosaurs,returned to the earth is merely a dream.,impossible,returning,suggest,第33页,.,教材与微写作,写作素材,(,关于克隆,),1.,现在许多国家研究,克隆,。,2.,人们对克隆有,不一样,看法。,3.,有些人很,沮丧,，他们认为这在,伦理上,是不,合理,，应该被,禁止,。,4.,实际上许多国家,从事,克隆研究而且已经,取得,了重大,突破,，所以我们,无法抗拒,它。,提醒：,黑体部分用本单元词汇表示，而且请使用,because,引导原因状语从句，,that,引导宾语从句。,第34页,连句成篇,(,将以上句子连成一篇,50,词左右英语短文,),Nowadays many countries do research on,cloning,.People,s ideas of cloning,differ,.Some feel,cast,down,because they think that it is not,morally reasonable,and should be,forbidden,.Actually many countries,undertake,the research on cloning and have,obtained,great,breakthrough,，,and therefore we are,unable to resist,it.,第35页,语篇训练提升能力,.,阅读了解,.,七选五,.,完形填空,第36页,.,阅读了解,(,重庆育才中学入学考试,),A machine that takes sweat-laden(,浸满汗水,)clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly,，,heats them to remove the sweat,，,and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.,第37页,Since it has been brought into use,，,its creators say more than 1,000 people have drunk others,“,sweat,”,in Gothenburg.They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.,The device was built for the United Nations,child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.,The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Ham-mar,，,known locally for his appearances on TV tech show,“,Mekatro-nik,”.,He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purifi-cation part developed by a company named HVR.,第38页,“,It uses a technique called membrane distillation(,膜蒸馏,),，,”,he told the BBC.,“,We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria,，,salts,，,clothing fibers and other things out.They have something similar to the International Space Station,，,but our machine is cheaper to build.The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is,，,but one person,s T-shirt typically produces 10ml,，,about a mouthful.,”,第39页,The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cupthe world,s largest international youth football tournament.Mattias Ronge,，,chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo,，,said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF,，,but in reality had its limitations.,“,People haven,t produced as much sweat as we hopedright now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy,，,”,Mattias Ronge said.,“,So we,ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy.Even so,，,the demand for sweat is greater than the supply.And the machine will never be produced in large numbers,，,since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.,”,第40页,1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?,A.It takes too long for the machine to produce water.,B.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.,C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.,D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节了解题。由第五段最终一句,“,The amount of water it produces depends on.about a mouthful.,”,可知，这台机器产水量太少了，故选,B,。,第41页,2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to,.,A.show how the sweat machine works,B.explain why the sweat machine was invented,C.show the importance of the United Nations,D.tell us who invented the sweat machine,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,细节了解题。由第三段内容可知，作者在文中之所以提到,UNICEF,是因为这台机器是为,UNICEF,所组织一个活动而设计制造，故选,B,。,第42页,3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?,A.It could only be used in summer.,B.It did not work at all.,C.It was not worth popularizing.,D.The water it produced tasted sweet.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,推理判断题。由最终一段中,Mattias Ronge,所说,“,the machine will never be produced in large numbers,”,可知，他认为这种机器不值得普及。故选,C,。,第43页,4.The text is written mainly to tell us that,.,A.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented,B.780 million people in the world lack access to clean water,C.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered,D.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced,答案,解析,主旨大意题。由第一段第一句,“,A machine that takes sweat-laden(,浸满汗水,)clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.,”,以及下文描述可知，作者经过本文主要向我们介绍了一个能够将衣服上汗液转化为饮用水机器，故选,A,。,1,2,3,4,第44页,.,七选五,(,山西四校联考,),Imagine going to bed not knowing where your next meal is going to come from.,1,Today,，,nearly 11 percent of people on Earth suffer from hunger,，,according to a recent State of Food Insecurity in the World report published by the United Nations.But it turns out that this number is something to celebrate!,答案,解析,E,That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.,依据上句：想象一下，临睡前不知道你下一顿饭从哪里来。再依据下句：现在世界上,11%,人遭受饥饿痛苦。可知,E.That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.,那就是世界上,805 000 000,人命运。符合上下文意思。,第45页,Though the numbers look like a lot,，,the number of hungry people in the world has actually decreased by about 209 million since 1992.This has been mainly due to the hard work of organizations such as the UN,，,the FAO and the WFP.,第46页,According to the WFP,，,the world produces enough food to feed the entire population of 7 billion people.,2,There are many reasons why food does not go from the producers to the consumers.,答案,解析,D,But not everybody has access to food when they need it.,依据上句：世界生产足够粮食养活全部,70,亿人口。再依据下句：很多原因造成了食物无法从生产者那里运到消费者手中。可知此空意思是：还有很多人没有饭吃。此处表示转折，故选,D,。,第47页,People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods.This makes them weaker and it is harder for them to earn money to escape from poverty and hunger.,3,An average person in the US spends just 6.6%of the income on food.,答案,解析,G,Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80%of their earnings on food?,依据上句：他们极难盈利摆脱贫困和饥饿。再依据下句：在美国，一个普通人仅花费收入,6.6%,在食物上。可知,G.Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80%of their earnings on food,？你知道贫穷国家人们要花费收入,80%,在食物上吗？符合题意。,第48页,Drought is one of the most common causes of food shortage in the world.,4,In many countries,，,climate change is worsening the situation.,答案,解析,F,Natural disasters such as flood and tropical storms can impact food output too.,依据上句：干旱是世界上最常见食物短缺原因之一。再依据下句：在很多国家，气候改变正在恶化局势。可知此空要表示意思应该是：自然灾害也影响粮食产量。故选,F,。,第49页,Conflicts around the world can disrupt farming and food produc-tion.Fighting forces millions of people to flee their homes.These people don,t have the means to feed themselves.,5,Food that is wasted uses up precious natural resources.,答案,解析,C,One-third of all food produced is never consumed.,依据下句：浪费食物消耗了宝贵自然资源。可知上句意思是：全部生产出来食物中有三分之一从未被消费掉。故选,C,。,第50页,A.How can we solve the problem?,B.Each nation has its own challenges.,C.One-third of all food produced is never consumed.,D.But not everybody has access to food when they need it.,E.That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.,F.Natural disasters such as flood and tropical storms can impact food,output too.,G.Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80%of their,earnings on food?,第51页,.,完形填空,(,浙江,),During the war,，,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be,1,him.,依据空格前,went to live the-re,能够看出，作者到那里住目标是希望离丈夫近,(near),一些。,off,离开；,behind,在,后面；,near,在,附近；,bey-ond,超出，远于。,1.A.off B.behind,C.near D.beyond,答案,解析,第52页,I hated the place.I had never,2,been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty,，,and I was left in a tiny shack(,棚屋,)alone.,依据上文使用过去时及第二段第三句,“,I said I couldn,t stand it one minute longer.,”,可知，作者在此之前,(before),从未那么不高兴过。,before,在,之前；,already,已经；,then,然后，那么；,still,依然。,2.A.before B.already,C.then D.still,答案,解析,第53页,The heat was,3,almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(,仙人掌,).,由破折号后,“,.almost 125F even in the sh
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